The document discusses perspectives on infrastructure crises and reforms. It provides context on how debates have shifted from concerns about fiscal crises reducing infrastructure spending to criticisms of large projects not benefiting the poor and environmental impacts. It also discusses how thinking shifted from supporting public ownership to privatization. The case study of dam building in the US shows how benefit-cost analysis was used both to justify projects and reign in expenditures. Debates emerged around defining single or multiple benefits and allowing politicians or objective rules to decide. New perspectives questioned incentivizing development in flood plains and saw benefits going to particular interests rather than the public. This led to proposals for flood insurance instead of new dams. Key shifts in infrastructure reform thinking reexamined natural monopol