Enumeration of all Class V Cavity designs from all standard PG textbooks of Conservative dentistry including Sturdevant, Marzouk, Charbeneau, Summit and Sikri
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
This document defines key terms related to cavity preparation and outlines the objectives and basic principles and steps of cavity preparation. It discusses definitions of cavities and tooth preparation. The objectives of cavity preparation are to remove caries and create a foundation for the restoration. The basic principles outlined by GV Black include biologic, mechanical, and esthetic principles. The main steps are 1) outline form, 2) resistance and retention form, 3) convenience form, 4) removal of remaining caries, 5) finishing cavity walls, and 6) toilet of the cavity. Resistance and retention forms are designed to resist forces and retain the restoration.
This document discusses speeds used in operative dentistry. It defines speed as revolutions per minute and classifies speeds as low (<12,000 rpm), medium (12,000-200,000 rpm), or high (>200,000 rpm). Lower speeds provide better tactile sense but slower cutting, while higher speeds cut faster but with less tactile control and increased risk of overheating. Different handpieces and burrs are suited to low, medium, and high speeds. The appropriate speed depends on the procedure and balancing factors like cutting rate, torque, tactile feedback, and heat production.
This document discusses various methods and materials used for pulp protection during restorative procedures. It describes the pulp-dentin complex and factors that can irritate the pulp. Methods for protecting the pulp include indirect and direct pulp capping. Direct pulp capping involves placing a biocompatible material over an exposed pulp. Indirect pulp capping leaves a thin layer of dentin and caries to avoid exposure. Materials traditionally used include calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide eugenol, and glass ionomers. Newer materials like Biodentine, a calcium silicate-based cement, have shown promising results for pulp capping and stimulation of reparative dentin formation.
This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses various types and classifications of posts used in restoring endodontically treated teeth. It describes custom cast posts and prefabricated metallic and non-metallic posts. Metallic posts discussed include stainless steel, titanium, and fiber posts made of carbon, glass or quartz. The advantages and disadvantages of different post types are provided. Active and passive posts as well as parallel and tapered posts are also summarized. The document stresses the importance of a thorough pretreatment evaluation involving endodontic, periodontal, biomechanical and anatomic factors when determining the best post and core treatment strategy.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
This document defines key terms related to cavity preparation and outlines the objectives and basic principles and steps of cavity preparation. It discusses definitions of cavities and tooth preparation. The objectives of cavity preparation are to remove caries and create a foundation for the restoration. The basic principles outlined by GV Black include biologic, mechanical, and esthetic principles. The main steps are 1) outline form, 2) resistance and retention form, 3) convenience form, 4) removal of remaining caries, 5) finishing cavity walls, and 6) toilet of the cavity. Resistance and retention forms are designed to resist forces and retain the restoration.
This document discusses speeds used in operative dentistry. It defines speed as revolutions per minute and classifies speeds as low (<12,000 rpm), medium (12,000-200,000 rpm), or high (>200,000 rpm). Lower speeds provide better tactile sense but slower cutting, while higher speeds cut faster but with less tactile control and increased risk of overheating. Different handpieces and burrs are suited to low, medium, and high speeds. The appropriate speed depends on the procedure and balancing factors like cutting rate, torque, tactile feedback, and heat production.
This document discusses various methods and materials used for pulp protection during restorative procedures. It describes the pulp-dentin complex and factors that can irritate the pulp. Methods for protecting the pulp include indirect and direct pulp capping. Direct pulp capping involves placing a biocompatible material over an exposed pulp. Indirect pulp capping leaves a thin layer of dentin and caries to avoid exposure. Materials traditionally used include calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide eugenol, and glass ionomers. Newer materials like Biodentine, a calcium silicate-based cement, have shown promising results for pulp capping and stimulation of reparative dentin formation.
This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses various types and classifications of posts used in restoring endodontically treated teeth. It describes custom cast posts and prefabricated metallic and non-metallic posts. Metallic posts discussed include stainless steel, titanium, and fiber posts made of carbon, glass or quartz. The advantages and disadvantages of different post types are provided. Active and passive posts as well as parallel and tapered posts are also summarized. The document stresses the importance of a thorough pretreatment evaluation involving endodontic, periodontal, biomechanical and anatomic factors when determining the best post and core treatment strategy.
Electronic apex locator by dr.imran m.shaikhImran Shaikh
. Knowledge of apical anatomy, prudent use of radiographs and the correct use of an electronic apex locator will assist practitioners to achieve predictable results.
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
This document provides an overview of surveying and surveying tools used in the process of designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). It discusses the history and development of surveying, types of surveyors, principles of surveying including survey lines and path of insertion. The document outlines the step-by-step survey process including orienting the cast, tilting, marking survey lines, measuring undercuts, identifying interferences, and tripoding the cast for future reference. Various surveying tools such as the analyzing rod, carbon marker, undercut gauges, and wax trimmers are also described.
A post and core restoration is used to build up tooth structure for a crown when there is not enough structure remaining. A post is placed in the root canal and a core is built up around the post to provide support and retention for the crown. Key factors in post and core design include post length and diameter, surface texture, and luting agents to provide retention, as well as post design and cement layer to provide resistance to stresses. Custom post and cores are made using direct or indirect techniques involving impression taking, while prefabricated posts are used for circular root canals.
Class III, IV, V Cavity preparations for Composites- SELVIPalaniselvi Kamaraj
This document discusses cavity preparations for class III, IV, and V composite restorations. It begins by outlining the general considerations and indications/contraindications for these restorations. It then describes the clinical techniques for preparing class III, IV, and V cavities, including obtaining access, removing defective structures, creating convenience form, and obtaining retention features. Specific preparation designs like beveled, conventional, and modified are discussed for each class. Lingual approaches and indications for facial approaches in class III preparations are also covered. The document concludes by listing references.
working length estimation in endodontic Marwa Ahmed
The document discusses methods for determining working length in root canals. It describes both radiographic and non-radiographic methods. Radiographic methods include Grossman's formula, Ingles method, Weine's modification, and use of xeroradiography and radiovisiography. Non-radiographic methods discussed are digital tactile sense, apical periodontal sensitivity, paper point measurement, and use of electronic apex locators. Electronic apex locators are highlighted as an important advancement, with different generations discussed varying in their measurement of resistance, impedance, or frequency. Accuracy and limitations of different methods are also reviewed.
This document discusses pin-retained amalgam restorations for teeth with extensive caries or fractures. It describes the advantages as conserving tooth structure and providing increased resistance and retention compared to cast restorations. Potential disadvantages include dentinal microfractures, microleakage, and decreased amalgam strength. Factors that affect pin retention such as pin type, size, orientation, and number are examined. Guidelines for cavity preparation and pin placement based on tooth anatomy and pulp location are provided. Common problems and their solutions are also outlined.
This document discusses resin bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs). It defines RBFPDs as prostheses that are luted to tooth structure using composite resin. Various types are described, including cantilever, fixed-fixed, and hybrid bridges. Advantages include reduced cost and minimal tooth preparation. Indications are for replacing single missing teeth with caries-free abutments. A case example describes using an RBFPD to replace a missing mandibular incisor and splint mobile abutment teeth.
This document provides information on the steps of cavity preparation, including defining cavity preparation, the objectives and principles. It describes Black's classification system for cavities in 6 classes. The steps of cavity preparation outlined include obtaining the outline form and initial depth, primary resistance and retention forms, and convenience form. It also discusses final cavity preparation steps like removing remaining decay, providing pulp protection, and finishing enamel walls and margins.
The document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It describes the purposes of tooth preparation which are to repair damaged tooth structure and maintain proper form, function and esthetics. The document outlines the different types of restorations and factors to consider for tooth preparation. It explains terminology related to tooth preparation such as simple, compound and complex preparations. Key steps in tooth preparation are described including establishing the outline form, primary resistance and retention forms, and convenience form. Methods to provide pulp protection and improve resistance and retention forms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of endodontic surgery. It begins with a brief history of endodontic surgery dating back over 1500 years. It then discusses the definition, rationale, objectives, and indications for endodontic surgery. The document outlines the classification of endodontic surgery and describes various surgical procedures like periradicular surgery, root-end resection, and root-end filling. It provides details on surgical instruments, treatment planning considerations, and techniques for achieving profound local anesthesia. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive review of the principles and procedures involved in endodontic surgery.
This document discusses provisional restorations and their requirements. It defines provisional restorations as temporary restorations designed to enhance function and aesthetics until definitive treatment. Provisional restorations must meet biological, mechanical, and aesthetic requirements. Biologically, they must protect the pulp, maintain periodontal health, and provide positional stability. Mechanically, they must resist functional loads and removal forces. Aesthetically, they must match the tooth's color, shape, and texture. The document discusses various materials used for provisional restorations including acrylic resins, bis-acryl composites, and light-cured resins.
This document discusses various types of root resorption including their causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. It describes internal and external root resorption, further dividing external resorption into surface, inflammatory, replacement and invasive types. The key causes are trauma, pressure from impacted teeth or tumors, and systemic conditions. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exams, and radiographs to identify patterns of tooth structure loss. Treatment aims to arrest the resorptive process through root canal therapy or surgery depending on the type and severity.
The document discusses the history and development of porcelain jacket crowns (PJCs). The first all-ceramic crown was developed by Land in 1886 and was called a PJC. Originally made of feldspathic porcelain, PJCs are now made of advanced ceramics like aluminum oxide and zirconium. PJCs offer esthetic benefits but require more tooth reduction than metal crowns. They are best for anterior teeth but have limitations for posterior teeth or situations without adequate tooth structure.
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for cast restorations. It covers topics such as preparation path, apico-occlusal taper, circumferential tie features for intracoronal and extracoronal preparations, and auxiliary means of retention such as grooves, boxes, and pins. The key goals of preparation design are to provide maximum retention, resistance, and a definitive path of insertion and withdrawal for the restoration. Taper, bevels, flares, and other features are used to achieve an ideal relationship between the casting and tooth for a strong, durable restoration.
This document discusses principles and guidelines for access cavity preparation in endodontic treatment. It outlines the basic principles established by G.V. Black, including outline form to establish complete access, convenience form to make procedures more convenient, and removal of remaining caries and defective restorations. Guidelines include centrality and concentricity of the pulp chamber floor, using the cementoenamel junction as a landmark, and symmetry of canal orifices. Specific access preparations are described for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars. Considerations are provided for anatomical variations, extensive restorations, tilted/angled crowns, calcified canals, and teeth with minimal crowns.
This document provides information on onlay restorations, including definitions, types, advantages, disadvantages, and preparation methods. It discusses cast metal onlays and esthetic onlay restorations. Preparation involves capping all cusps and includes details on marginal locations. Advantages are cuspal protection and being more conservative than a crown. Disadvantages include greater occlusal reduction and need for parallel walls. Fabrication involves impression taking and producing the restoration using various techniques like firing, pressing, or CAD/CAM milling.
Matrices are used in operative dentistry to support and give form to dental restorations during placement and hardening. The document discusses the importance of matrices, their functions and characteristics of a good matrix. It describes different types of matrices including metallic matrices like Tofflemire, automatrix and sectional matrices like Palodent. Techniques for proper matrix selection, adaptation and wedge placement are also covered.
This document discusses the process of a complete denture try-in. It begins by defining complete denture prosthetics and try-in. It then outlines the steps to check the mandibular denture alone, including the peripheral outline, stability, tongue space, and occlusal plane height. It describes similarly checking the maxillary denture alone and then both dentures together, evaluating the occlusion, vertical height, even occlusal pressure, and appearance. The goal of the try-in is to evaluate and adjust the dentures before processing to ensure proper fit and function.
This document provides information about class II inlays, including definitions, history, materials, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and the tooth preparation and fabrication process. Class II inlays involve the occlusal and proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. Key steps in tooth preparation include creating an occlusal box, proximal boxes, bevels, flares, and tapers for resistance and retention forms. Impressions can be made directly or indirectly using addition or carving techniques with inlay wax. The finished casting is then cemented into the prepared tooth.
This document discusses cavity designs for amalgam restorations. It begins with definitions of cavities and objectives of cavity preparation. It then covers classifications of cavities including Class I-VI and describes design considerations and features for each class. The principles of tooth preparation for amalgam are outlined. Updates to traditional cavity designs are mentioned that emphasize conservation of tooth structure. In conclusion, while new materials are gaining popularity, amalgam will continue to be widely used with care in minimal cavity designs.
Electronic apex locator by dr.imran m.shaikhImran Shaikh
. Knowledge of apical anatomy, prudent use of radiographs and the correct use of an electronic apex locator will assist practitioners to achieve predictable results.
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
This document provides an overview of surveying and surveying tools used in the process of designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). It discusses the history and development of surveying, types of surveyors, principles of surveying including survey lines and path of insertion. The document outlines the step-by-step survey process including orienting the cast, tilting, marking survey lines, measuring undercuts, identifying interferences, and tripoding the cast for future reference. Various surveying tools such as the analyzing rod, carbon marker, undercut gauges, and wax trimmers are also described.
A post and core restoration is used to build up tooth structure for a crown when there is not enough structure remaining. A post is placed in the root canal and a core is built up around the post to provide support and retention for the crown. Key factors in post and core design include post length and diameter, surface texture, and luting agents to provide retention, as well as post design and cement layer to provide resistance to stresses. Custom post and cores are made using direct or indirect techniques involving impression taking, while prefabricated posts are used for circular root canals.
Class III, IV, V Cavity preparations for Composites- SELVIPalaniselvi Kamaraj
This document discusses cavity preparations for class III, IV, and V composite restorations. It begins by outlining the general considerations and indications/contraindications for these restorations. It then describes the clinical techniques for preparing class III, IV, and V cavities, including obtaining access, removing defective structures, creating convenience form, and obtaining retention features. Specific preparation designs like beveled, conventional, and modified are discussed for each class. Lingual approaches and indications for facial approaches in class III preparations are also covered. The document concludes by listing references.
working length estimation in endodontic Marwa Ahmed
The document discusses methods for determining working length in root canals. It describes both radiographic and non-radiographic methods. Radiographic methods include Grossman's formula, Ingles method, Weine's modification, and use of xeroradiography and radiovisiography. Non-radiographic methods discussed are digital tactile sense, apical periodontal sensitivity, paper point measurement, and use of electronic apex locators. Electronic apex locators are highlighted as an important advancement, with different generations discussed varying in their measurement of resistance, impedance, or frequency. Accuracy and limitations of different methods are also reviewed.
This document discusses pin-retained amalgam restorations for teeth with extensive caries or fractures. It describes the advantages as conserving tooth structure and providing increased resistance and retention compared to cast restorations. Potential disadvantages include dentinal microfractures, microleakage, and decreased amalgam strength. Factors that affect pin retention such as pin type, size, orientation, and number are examined. Guidelines for cavity preparation and pin placement based on tooth anatomy and pulp location are provided. Common problems and their solutions are also outlined.
This document discusses resin bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs). It defines RBFPDs as prostheses that are luted to tooth structure using composite resin. Various types are described, including cantilever, fixed-fixed, and hybrid bridges. Advantages include reduced cost and minimal tooth preparation. Indications are for replacing single missing teeth with caries-free abutments. A case example describes using an RBFPD to replace a missing mandibular incisor and splint mobile abutment teeth.
This document provides information on the steps of cavity preparation, including defining cavity preparation, the objectives and principles. It describes Black's classification system for cavities in 6 classes. The steps of cavity preparation outlined include obtaining the outline form and initial depth, primary resistance and retention forms, and convenience form. It also discusses final cavity preparation steps like removing remaining decay, providing pulp protection, and finishing enamel walls and margins.
The document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It describes the purposes of tooth preparation which are to repair damaged tooth structure and maintain proper form, function and esthetics. The document outlines the different types of restorations and factors to consider for tooth preparation. It explains terminology related to tooth preparation such as simple, compound and complex preparations. Key steps in tooth preparation are described including establishing the outline form, primary resistance and retention forms, and convenience form. Methods to provide pulp protection and improve resistance and retention forms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of endodontic surgery. It begins with a brief history of endodontic surgery dating back over 1500 years. It then discusses the definition, rationale, objectives, and indications for endodontic surgery. The document outlines the classification of endodontic surgery and describes various surgical procedures like periradicular surgery, root-end resection, and root-end filling. It provides details on surgical instruments, treatment planning considerations, and techniques for achieving profound local anesthesia. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive review of the principles and procedures involved in endodontic surgery.
This document discusses provisional restorations and their requirements. It defines provisional restorations as temporary restorations designed to enhance function and aesthetics until definitive treatment. Provisional restorations must meet biological, mechanical, and aesthetic requirements. Biologically, they must protect the pulp, maintain periodontal health, and provide positional stability. Mechanically, they must resist functional loads and removal forces. Aesthetically, they must match the tooth's color, shape, and texture. The document discusses various materials used for provisional restorations including acrylic resins, bis-acryl composites, and light-cured resins.
This document discusses various types of root resorption including their causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. It describes internal and external root resorption, further dividing external resorption into surface, inflammatory, replacement and invasive types. The key causes are trauma, pressure from impacted teeth or tumors, and systemic conditions. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exams, and radiographs to identify patterns of tooth structure loss. Treatment aims to arrest the resorptive process through root canal therapy or surgery depending on the type and severity.
The document discusses the history and development of porcelain jacket crowns (PJCs). The first all-ceramic crown was developed by Land in 1886 and was called a PJC. Originally made of feldspathic porcelain, PJCs are now made of advanced ceramics like aluminum oxide and zirconium. PJCs offer esthetic benefits but require more tooth reduction than metal crowns. They are best for anterior teeth but have limitations for posterior teeth or situations without adequate tooth structure.
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for cast restorations. It covers topics such as preparation path, apico-occlusal taper, circumferential tie features for intracoronal and extracoronal preparations, and auxiliary means of retention such as grooves, boxes, and pins. The key goals of preparation design are to provide maximum retention, resistance, and a definitive path of insertion and withdrawal for the restoration. Taper, bevels, flares, and other features are used to achieve an ideal relationship between the casting and tooth for a strong, durable restoration.
This document discusses principles and guidelines for access cavity preparation in endodontic treatment. It outlines the basic principles established by G.V. Black, including outline form to establish complete access, convenience form to make procedures more convenient, and removal of remaining caries and defective restorations. Guidelines include centrality and concentricity of the pulp chamber floor, using the cementoenamel junction as a landmark, and symmetry of canal orifices. Specific access preparations are described for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars. Considerations are provided for anatomical variations, extensive restorations, tilted/angled crowns, calcified canals, and teeth with minimal crowns.
This document provides information on onlay restorations, including definitions, types, advantages, disadvantages, and preparation methods. It discusses cast metal onlays and esthetic onlay restorations. Preparation involves capping all cusps and includes details on marginal locations. Advantages are cuspal protection and being more conservative than a crown. Disadvantages include greater occlusal reduction and need for parallel walls. Fabrication involves impression taking and producing the restoration using various techniques like firing, pressing, or CAD/CAM milling.
Matrices are used in operative dentistry to support and give form to dental restorations during placement and hardening. The document discusses the importance of matrices, their functions and characteristics of a good matrix. It describes different types of matrices including metallic matrices like Tofflemire, automatrix and sectional matrices like Palodent. Techniques for proper matrix selection, adaptation and wedge placement are also covered.
This document discusses the process of a complete denture try-in. It begins by defining complete denture prosthetics and try-in. It then outlines the steps to check the mandibular denture alone, including the peripheral outline, stability, tongue space, and occlusal plane height. It describes similarly checking the maxillary denture alone and then both dentures together, evaluating the occlusion, vertical height, even occlusal pressure, and appearance. The goal of the try-in is to evaluate and adjust the dentures before processing to ensure proper fit and function.
This document provides information about class II inlays, including definitions, history, materials, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and the tooth preparation and fabrication process. Class II inlays involve the occlusal and proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. Key steps in tooth preparation include creating an occlusal box, proximal boxes, bevels, flares, and tapers for resistance and retention forms. Impressions can be made directly or indirectly using addition or carving techniques with inlay wax. The finished casting is then cemented into the prepared tooth.
This document discusses cavity designs for amalgam restorations. It begins with definitions of cavities and objectives of cavity preparation. It then covers classifications of cavities including Class I-VI and describes design considerations and features for each class. The principles of tooth preparation for amalgam are outlined. Updates to traditional cavity designs are mentioned that emphasize conservation of tooth structure. In conclusion, while new materials are gaining popularity, amalgam will continue to be widely used with care in minimal cavity designs.
Preclinical conservative dentistry involves students gaining expertise in restorative procedures by practicing on plaster tooth models and extracted teeth before treating patients. It covers tooth preparation classifications, defining features like cavosurface angles and walls, and the steps of tooth preparation including outline form, resistance/retention forms, removal of carious dentin, and finishing preparation walls. The goal is to develop student confidence and skills in restorative techniques before clinical work.
This document discusses various classifications and principles of cavity preparation in dentistry. It describes Black's classification which categorizes cavities into classes I-V based on their location. It also discusses modifications to Black's classification by Charbeneau and Sturdevant. The document outlines principles of cavity preparation for different classes of cavities, including the goals of preserving tooth structure and maintaining proper cavity design and margins. It compares cavity preparation techniques for primary and permanent teeth. In summary, the document provides an overview of common cavity classification systems and guidelines for preparing cavities based on their location and extent in the tooth structure.
1. The document discusses cavity designs for inlay restorations, including definitions, indications, contraindications, materials used, and the general principles and steps for class II cavity preparation.
2. Key preparation features discussed include taper, circumferential tie, bevels, flares, and dovetail retention forms to improve the retention and resistance of inlay restorations.
3. The steps for class II cavity preparation include making occlusal punch cuts, extensions, and outlines followed by preparing proximal boxes and planing the walls.
Blacks cavity classification for pit and fissure caries.pdfDexterBrave1
The document discusses Black's classification of dental cavities and the general rules and steps of cavity preparation. It describes the six classes of cavities according to Black's classification system and provides examples. It also outlines the general steps for cavity preparation, including determining the outline and initial depth, forming primary retention and resistance, removing infected dentin, and finishing walls. Secondary retention features like beveled margins are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of inlays and onlays. It defines inlays as restorations that involve the occlusal surface and one or more proximal surfaces of a posterior tooth, while onlays additionally involve restoring the cusp tips. The document discusses the indications, contraindications, classifications, advantages, disadvantages, tooth preparation process, and materials used for inlays and onlays. The goal of inlay and onlay preparations is to eliminate caries while maintaining adequate tooth structure for resistance and retention forms.
The document outlines principles of cavity preparation, including factors that affect the outline form. It discusses the external and internal outline, and how the outline is determined by the extent of decay, quality of enamel, proximity to other cavities, weakened cusps/ridges, and pulp protection. It provides guidelines for conservative cavity design including retention of sound enamel and placement of margins. Specific outline forms are described for occlusal, proximal, and cervical cavities based on factors like occlusion, contacts, embrasures, and gingival margin position.
This document provides an overview of principles of cavity preparation. It defines cavity preparation and discusses its history and objectives. Factors affecting cavity preparation and various classification systems are described, including those proposed by G.V. Black and G.J. Mount. Terminology related to cavity preparation such as tooth preparation walls, angles, and classifications of cavities are defined. The stages of cavity preparation including initial outline form and depth are outlined. Key principles for preserving cuspal strength and marginal ridge strength are discussed.
This document discusses fundamentals of tooth preparation. It defines tooth preparation as the mechanical alteration of a tooth to receive a restorative material. The objectives are to remove defects, extend restorations conservatively, and allow for esthetic/functional placement. Terminology includes walls, angles, floors, and classifications of different types of restorations. The stages of initial and final tooth preparation are outlined in steps such as establishing form/depth, adding resistance/retention forms, and finishing walls.
This document discusses dental preparation classifications and principles. It begins by defining dental preparation as the mechanical alteration of a tooth to receive a restorative material and restore form, function and esthetics. It then outlines the main classes of dental preparations - Class I-VI - based on their location on the tooth. The document discusses factors to consider in dental preparations as well as principles like removing unsupported enamel and including all defects. It also summarizes preparation features and techniques for different restorative materials like amalgam, composite and GIC. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of dental preparation classifications, locations, considerations and techniques.
1. The document provides guidance on class I cavity preparation for amalgam and composite restorations. It describes the different types of class I preparations including conservative and extensive preparations.
2. Guidelines are provided on ideal outline form, resistance and retention forms, tooth preparation sequence, and use of liners and bases. Considerations for tooth preparation with amalgam versus composite are also discussed.
3. The summary focuses on key steps and guidelines for class I cavity preparation to help the reader understand the essential information for restoring class I lesions.
This document provides information about inlay restorations, including definitions, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, materials used, tooth preparation design, and impression techniques. It begins with an introduction to inlays and their history. Key points covered include that inlays are cast restorations used to restore damaged teeth while preserving tooth structure. Proper tooth preparation design with features like taper, bevels, and flares are described to maximize retention and adaptation of the inlay restoration. The document provides details on tooth preparation for class II inlays.
This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The document outlines the principles and steps of cavity preparation, including initial cavity preparation, final cavity preparation, and modifications for primary teeth. It emphasizes removing infected dentin, providing pulp protection, and finishing enamel walls. The document provides details on techniques for class II cavity preparation and references further resources.
This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The principles of cavity preparation are outlined, including initial cavity preparation to establish form and depth, and final preparation involving removal of infected dentin and pulp protection. Modifications for cavity preparation in primary teeth are also discussed.
This document discusses principles of cavity preparation for class I and class II cavities. Class I cavities involve lesions on tooth surfaces that do not extend beyond the external wall. Class II cavities involve proximal lesions between teeth. The key steps for class II preparation are to first prepare the occlusal surface, then use a bur to create a box-shaped cavity extending just past the contact point between teeth while avoiding cutting the adjacent tooth. Matrix bands should be used to isolate the tooth and protect the adjacent tooth during preparation.
This document discusses tooth preparation and amalgam restorations for Class V restorations. It describes the two steps of tooth preparation as the initial preparation to remove decay or existing restorations to a depth of 0.5mm inside the dentin-enamel junction, and the final preparation which includes removing any remaining decay, adding retention grooves, and finishing. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of amalgam, including its ease of use but lack of aesthetics. The document provides details on condensing and carving amalgam into the preparation and finishing the restoration.
Class v tooth preparation for amalgam restorationsMaryam Arbab
This document discusses tooth preparation and amalgam restoration for Class V restorations. It describes the two steps of tooth preparation as the initial preparation to establish resistance, retention and outline form, and the final preparation which includes removing any remaining infected dentin. It highlights principles like maintaining a depth of 0.5mm inside the dentin-enamel junction and adding retention grooves. The document also covers condensing and carving the amalgam, and finishing and polishing the restoration.
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
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3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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5. 01 Class V cavity designs for Amalgam restorations
6. Class V cavity designs for Amalgam restorations
01 0 1
• Cervical and root caries
• Incipient, smooth-surface enamel caries appears as a
chalky white line on facial surface
Indications
0 3
• Stronger
• Easier to place
• Less expensive
• Easily distinguished from the surrounding tooth structure
• Easier to finish and polish without damage to the adjacent
surfaces.
Advantages
0 2 • Esthetically important areas
Contraindications
0 4
Disadvantages
• Metallic and unesthetic.
• 90-degree cavosurface margins and specific axial depths
result in a less conservative preparation
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
7. Outline form and Initial depth
Cavosurface margins in sound tooth structure
Limited axial depth-
0.5 mm inside the DEJ,
0.75 mm inside cementum (when on the root surface)
A tapered fissure bur of suitable size (e.g., No. 271)- Initial
entry into caries/ restoration.
The edge of the end of the bur > the flat end of the bur-
Reducing the bur’s “crawling.”
The bur orientation is adjusted to ensure that all external
walls are perpendicular to the external tooth surface and
parallel to the enamel rods
Alternatively, an appropriate carbide bur (usually No. 2 or
No. 4) for the initial tooth preparation. Round
burs are indicated in areas inaccessible to a fissure bur
that is
held perpendicular to the tooth surface. Smaller
round burs define the internal angles enhancing proper
placement of the retention grooves.
The axial wall is convex.
Depth of axial wall:
Incisal wall - more enamel ( 1-1.25 mm ) > gingival wall-
little or no enamel ( 0.75-1 mm)
Helps in pulp protection by increasing RDT.
Initial tooth preparation
9. Removing any remaining
infected dentin with a No. 2 or
No. 4 round bur; pulp
protection; retention form;
finishing external walls; and
cleaning, inspecting, and
desensitizing.
• Final tooth
preparation
(1) No clinical or radiographic
evidence of recurrent caries
exists,
(2) The periphery of the base
and liner is intact
(3) The tooth is asymptomatic.
• Any old restorative
material (including
base and liner)
remaining may be
left if:
Because the walls of the
tooth preparation are
perpendicular to the external
tooth surface, they usually
diverge facially.
Consequently, no inherent
retention
•Retention form must
be provided because
the primary retention
form for an
amalgam restoration
is macromechanical.
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
11. • The depth of the grooves - 0.25 mm (half of bur diameter).
• Adequate retention grooves - the only retention form to the preparation.
• In a large Class V amalgam preparation, extending the retention groove circumferentially around
all the internal line angles of the tooth preparation may enhance the retention form.
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
12. Finally, the preparation is cleaned and inspected for completeness.
A desensitizer is applied.
• an angle-former chisel may be used to prepare the retention form.
• In addition, a No. 331/2 bur can be used
If access is inadequate for
use of the No. 1/4 round bur
• Amalgam can be condensed into rounded areas better than into sharp
areas, resulting in better adaptation of amalgam into the retention
grooves
The rounded retention form
placed with the No. 1/4 round
bur is generally preferred
• Suitable hand instruments (e.g., chisels, GMT) are used to plane the
enamel margins, verifying soundness and 90-degree cavosurface angles
If necessary
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
13. Large Preparations That Include Line Angles
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
14. • Because of the proximity of the coronoid process, access
to the facial surfaces of maxillary molars, particularly the
second molars, is often limited.
• Having the patient partially close and shift the mandible
toward the tooth being restored improves access and
visibility
• The previously placed amalgam serves as the distal wall
of the preparation.
• When proper treatment requires Class II and V amalgam
restorations on the same tooth, the Class II preparation
and restoration is completed before initiating the Class V
restoration.
• If the Class V restoration were done first, it might be
damaged by the matrix band and wedge needed for the
Class II restoration.
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
22. 02 Class V cavity designs for direct filling gold
restorations
23. Class V cavity designs for direct filling gold restorations
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General shape of the cavity-
Trapezoidal
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Semilunar shape
Operative Dentistry: Modern Theory and Practice- Marzouk
24. Advantages of trapezoid shape of cavity preparation for Ferrier design
a. Most convenient form of
gingival 1/3rd of cavity prep
b. Most esthetic shape of final restoration as occlusal
margins parallel to occlusal plane. Gingival, mesial,
distal outlines partially hidden by gingiva
c. Trapezoidal shape with linear
outlines- avoids overextension and
overhangs due to predictable margins
Operative Dentistry: Modern Theory and Practice- Marzouk
25. Convex axial wall following
tooth contour
2 planed mesial, distal walls.
4 planed gingival, occlusal walls
Operative Dentistry: Modern Theory and Practice- Marzouk
26. No. 331/2 inverted
cone bur, flat
bladed plastic
instrument to
protect dam
Straight and
smooth gingival
wall at right
angles to other
walls
Planing occlusal
wall with
wedelstaedt
chisel
900 Cavosurface
angle
900 axioocclusal
angle
Other walls
refined with
small
monoangled
chisel
Principles and Practice of Operative Dentistry- Charbeneau 3rd ed.
31. 03 Class V cavity designs for Direct composite
restorations
32. For small or moderate
lesions that don't
extend onto the root
surface
Decalcified
enamel lesion having a broken,
rough surface
extending mesially or distally
from the cavitated lesion
Aberrant Smooth
Surface Pit Fault
With bilateral
extension occlusally
With unilateral
extension occlusally
Class V Abrasion or
Erosion Area
Large Lesions or
Defects that Extend
onto the Root Surface
Designs of Class V cavity preparation for Composite
Restorations based on extent of lesion
Textbook of Operative Dentistry: Vimal K Sikri, 4th ed. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed
33. Class V Tooth Preparation for Small or Moderate Lesions or Defects That Do
Not Extend Onto the Root Surface
Class V (E and F) initial composite restorations (primary caries).
Restoring as
conservatively
No butt joints,
no groove
retention
Lesion is
scooped out
Divergent walls,
axial wall not
uniform in
depth
Initial tooth prep- round
diamond or carbide
bur eliminating the entire
enamel lesion
Dentin extension
only if necessary
Results in a
slightly bevelled
enamel margin
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
34. Ideal for small enamel defects or
small primary caries lesions
(Fig. 9-25, A). These include
decalcified and hypoplastic
areas located in the cervical third
of the teeth
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
35. A path of a decalcified
enamel lesion having a broken,
rough surface
extends mesially or distally from the
cavitated lesion (or
failing existing restoration). After
preparation of the cavitated
lesion (or failing restoration), the
margins of the preparation
are extended to include these areas
of decalcification by using
a round diamond or bur to prepare
the cavosurface margin in
the form of a chamfer, extended in
the enamel only to a depth
that removes the defect
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
37. Tooth Preparation for A Class V Abrasion or Erosion Area
Roughening of internal walls, bevelling of enamel margins, If necessary, the root surface cavosurface
margins should be prepared to approximately 90 degrees
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
38. Class V Tooth Preparation for Large Lesions or Defects that Extend
onto the Root Surface
When a tapered fissure bur(271) or diamond is used, the handpiece is maneuvered to maintain the bur’s
long axis perpendicular to the external surface of the tooth during preparation of the outline form, which
should result in 90-degree cavosurface margins.
• Bevel-
Flame-
shaped
diamond
• Angle-
450
• Width-
atleast
0.5mm
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
40. Tooth Preparation for Aberrant Smooth Surface Pit Fault
• The outline form (extensions and depth) is dictated by the extent of the fault or caries lesion.
• Faults existing entirely in enamel are prepared with an appropriately-sized round diamond instrument by merely
eliminating the defect (see Fig. 9-31, B).
• Adequate retention is obtained by bonding.
• When the defect includes carious dentin, the infected portion is removed also, leaving a flared enamel margin
Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 6th ed.
41. Flowable resin composite
• As the tooth flexes, the less rigid restoration might be able to accommodate the change in
cavity shape and therefore be more difficult to dislodge. Not supported by clinical trials.
• The use of a flowable resin composite as a liner has not been shown to improve clinical
performance
Reduced filler
particle
loading
Lower elastic
modulus
Higher
polymerization
shrinkage
Higher COTE
Lower fracture
toughness
relative to
traditional
resin
composites
42. 04 Class V cavity designs for GIC restorations
43. Glass Ionomer Restorations for Class V cavities
Indications
• GIC- Anticariogenic -
Material of choice for
restoring root-surface
caries in patients with
high caries activity,
esthetics is not as
critical.
• Notched cervical
defects of idiopathic
erosion or abrasion
orgin
• Gingival recession
leading to caries
Preparation GI sandwich technique Compomer
• Similar to dental
amalgam without the
mechanical retention
• Cavosurface bevels
are not recommended
because GIC is a
brittle material that
requires bulk for
strength.
• A 90-degree butt joint
approximately 1 mm
deep is a reasonable
minimum thickness.
• GI- replaces the missing
dentin, reduce leakage
improve the potential for
tissue attachment for
subgingival restorations, and
potentially increase retention.
• A veneer of resin composite
is placed to enhance
esthetics, increase color
stability, improve marginal
performance, provide a
smoother surface, and
increase abrasion resistance
• Restore teeth that have
carious cervical lesions
and NCCLs
• Pro- lack of “stickiness”
has brought them ready
acceptance in the
marketplace.
• Cons- the marginal
integrity of compomers
has been worse than that
of resin composites in
long-term clinical trials.
Summitt's Fundamentals of Operative
Dentistry-4th ed.