Multi cladding of metals

1. Clad Materials
Clad metal designs can present a
myriad of advantages
Weight Savings
Increased corrosion resistance
Better thermal performance
Improved Electrical conductivity
More appealing cosmetic
appearance

2. Clad Materials
Combines two or more metal strips by bonding them
together
By different combinations, advantages of individual
metals are achieved

3. Clad Materials
Advantages
Wide variety of composite combinations are available
Development of new products with enhanced properties tailored to your
specific needs
Combination of seemingly incompatible materials are possible
Economical solutions for achieving composites that address your obstacles

4. Clad
Materials

5. Clad Materials
Stainless Clad Aluminum Soleplate

6. Clad Materials
Automotive
Transition
Material
OilCooler
Bumper
Material
Roller Bearing
Cage
IGBT Modules

7. Clad Materials
Cookware Stainless/Aluminium/
Stainless
Copper Clad
Aluminium

8. Clad Materials
Energy Storage
Button Cells
Stainless/Aluminium/
Stainless

9. Clad Materials
HeatTransfer
Printed Circuit Board
Heat Sink

10. How Clad becomes Clad
 Clean the surfaces of the strips
 Continuous roll bonding combines two or more strips of metal
 Passes through specifically designed rolling mill
 Strip thickness reduces and atomic lattices merge
 Heat induces diffusion and improves bond strength providing stress relief
Continuous Process

11. How Clad becomes Clad
Continuous Process

12. How Clad becomes Clad
Batch Process
 Cut sheets from coils. Level and clean the surface
 Clamp the different metals together
 Pre-heat the assembly and pass-through rolling mill
 Level them and blank into circles
 Inspect for adhesive strength

13. Clad Materials
Specific to cookware

14. Clad Materials
• 2 Ply
• Aluminium + SS 430/Low Nickel N1, N2, N3
• Thickness 1.5 mm – 1.9 mm
• 3 Ply
• SS 304/Low Nickel N1, N2, N3 + Aluminium + SS 430/Low Nickel N1, N2,
N3
• Thickness 2mm – 3mm
Indian standards for SS Cookware – IS 5522 and IS 15997

15. Clad Materials
SurfaceTemperature Distribution - Single layer vs Clad metal cookware

16. Clad Materials
• Testing Clad strength
• Peel test as per ASTM-D1876

17. Clad Materials
• Peel Strength = Force/Width
Peel strength of SS 304 is 1.5 times that of SS 430
Average peel strength required is 20-30 N/mm

18. Clad Materials
Project Report onTestingTri-ply

19. Clad
Materials

20. Clad Materials
Courtesy Bhalaria Metal Craft and ISSDA

21. Clad Materials
SS Utensils users
 Metros and cities = 70%
 Rural areas and villages = 30%
Future of SS in India
 Per capita consumption of Stainless
Steel in India is only 1.6 kgs. If this
doubles to 3.2 kgs think about the
potential for our industry in the coming
years
 >50% consumption off SS in India and
worldwide is for consumer goods and
cookware

22. Clad Materials
Development of SS Cookware in India over the years..
Late 1950s Late 1970s Late 1982 Late 2000
And now Tri-ply

23. Clad Materials
Hollowing Drum Hammer Sound Detector (Telescopic tool)
For testing soundness ofTri-ply cookware after forming

24. Clad Materials
Indian standards of SS for Cookware and Pressure Cooker
• IS : 5522 (Covers 304 and 430 grades)
• IS : 15997 (Covers Low Nickel – N1, N2, N3)
• IS : 2347 (Covers Pressure Cooker)

25. Clad Materials
Limitations ofTri-ply cookware in India
1.Not Made-in-India in Ready-to-use circles
2.Mostly Imported from China
3.Inter annealing for deeper cookware not possible
4.Edge Beading of cookware not possible

26. Clad Materials
Titanium clad cookware in India –a development
in anvil
Lighter than SS, better corrosion
resistance as strong as SS

27. Clad Materials
Budgetary cost of machinery for makingTri-ply in Batch process
1. Surface Preparation system ~ Rs. 10 lakhs
2. Warming oven – Rs. 13 lakhs
3. Dry rolling mill – Rs. 40 lakhs
4. Associated machinery for levelling, circle cutting, resistance
welding, sheer etc.

28. SeparatingTriply
https://russianpatents.com/patent/204/2043423.html

29. SeparatingTriply

30. Alu-bronze

31. Alu-bronze

32. Alu-bronze

33. PVC coat-Deep draw

34. PVC coat-Deep draw

35. SS deep drawing problems and solutions

36. SS deep drawing problems and solutions
Surface crack

37. SS deep drawing problems and solutions
Surface crack

38. SS deep drawing problems and solutions
Surface scratch

39. SS deep drawing problems and solutions
1. Choose the right Stainless steel material (higher the nickel,
better the drawability)
2. Choose correct tool material
3. Choose reasonable punch and die fillet radius
4. Use thinning deep draw process
5. Add intermediate annealing process to eliminate residual
stress
6. Use appropriate lubrication

40. Thickening/thinning in deep draw
1.0.04 in =1 mm
2.0.046 in=1.17 mm
3.0.045 in=1.14 mm
4.0.043 in=1.09 mm
5.0.042 in=1.07 mm
6.0.035 in=0.89 mm

41. Draw ratio

42. Draw percentage

43. Thank you