This document provides information on how to avoid plagiarism and properly cite sources. It defines plagiarism as taking someone else's work without giving them credit. Consequences for cheating can include warnings, probation, suspension or expulsion. Examples are given of what needs to be cited, such as direct quotations, paraphrases or use of ideas. Facts and personal experiences generally do not need citations. The document instructs students to start research early, learn how to paraphrase and quote sources, cite as they go along and ask teachers or librarians for help with citations. Additional resources on plagiarism and citations are also provided.

1. Cite It!How to Avoid Cheating

2. NCS Definition of Cheating NCS defines cheating as taking someone else’s written or creative work without giving them credit

3. Possible Cheating Consequences Warning Probation Suspension Expulsion Other consequences (possibly in addition to one of the above): Letter of apology Counseling evaluation Community Service Removal from school activities Redoing the assignment

4. Examples of Cheating Getting someone else to write or edit (based on teacher’s instructions) your paper Buying a paper online Copying homework Taking someone else’s work or ideas (in print, video, images, etc.) without giving them credit Allowing your group partner/s to do all the work while taking credit for it

5. Information That Needs to be Cited Print Books Magazines Web sites Video Film clips Youtube Audio Songs Speeches Images/Works of Art Internet images Scanned images from print sources Electronic Files Program code (HTML, JAVA)

6. To Cite or Not to Cite? Do Cite Direct quotation Paraphrase Use of an idea Do Not Cite Generally accepted facts Personal experiences, observations, insights, thoughts or conclusions about a subject

7. Citation Safety—Direct Quotation Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in grain” (Townsend 10). Works Cited: Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton. Princeton University Press, 1993. Citation is (AUTHOR PAGE #)

8. Citation Safety—Paraphrasing The economy of medieval Europe was a strange mixture of anarchy and attempts at re-establishing the rudiments of society(Towsend 10). Works Cited: Towsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Citation is (AUTHOR PAGE #)

9. Citation Safety—Use of an Idea Original Source: Some of Dickinson’s most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death. In Your Paper: Emily Dickinson firmly believed that we cannot fully comprehend life unless we also understand death (Martin 625). Works Cited: Martin, Wendy. “Emily Dickinson.” Columbia Literary History of the United States. Emory Elliott, gen. ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. 609-26. Citation is (AUTHOR PAGE #)

10. No Need to Cite Generally Accepted Facts Examples: World War II occurred between 1939 and 1945. William Shakespeare was born in England in the 16th century.

11. No Need to Cite Personal experiences, observations, insights, thoughts or conclusions about a subject Examples: I believe that handguns should be banned in public places. The economy of medieval Europe was very unstable.

12. How to Avoid Plagiarism Start research early Learn to paraphrase and quote appropriately Cite your sources as you find them Hint: Use Noodle Tools! Access link on NCS Library homepage When in doubt, ask a teacher or your librarian for help

13. Additional Resources “Cheating Pamphlet” www.lakeviewspartans.org/webpages/mlincoln/files/cheating.pdf “Copyright Basics and the Internet” http://remc12.k12.mi.us/lhslib/Copyright.htm “How to Prepare the Works Cited Page and Bibliography Page” http://remc12.k12.mi.us/lhslib/works%20cited1.htm Michigan Association for Media in Education (MAME) members share materials http://remc12.wikispaces.com/AASL+standards Michigan Department of Education, “Introduction to Information Literacy” http://mltoolbox.org/unitcreator/printable.taf?dbouc_unit_uid1=697&lesson_id Michigan Department of Education, “Educational Technology Standards (METS) 9-12 Checklist” www.techplan.org/METS9-12Checklist.doc Plagiarism.org: “Our mission is to help people all over the world prevent plagiarism and restore integrity to written work.” http://www.plagiarism.org/

14. Works Cited "Cheating: An Insider’s Guide to Cheating at Lakeview High School." http://www.lakeviewspartans.org/webpages/mlincoln/files/cheating.pdf Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 6th Edition. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003. Plagiarism: Learn the Rules! Morrison, Mary. http://remc12.wikispaces.com/file/view/PlagiarismPosterGardenCity.pdf Vaughn Memorial Library. Acadia University. http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/ Images: http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/schunn/sword/plagiarism_resources.html http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001257.html