The document provides examples of how to cite sources in APA style within the text of a document. It covers citing an author's name as part of the narrative or in parentheses, citing multiple works, direct quotes with the author's name as part of the narrative or in parentheses, block quotes of 40 words or more, paraphrasing and summarizing, citations with two or more authors, same authors with different years or the same year, citations with 3 to 5 authors or 6 or more authors, citations without a publication year, citations without a page number, citations with a heading but no page number, citations without an author, and secondary sources.

1. Author's Name Example of Usage
Author's name part of
narrative
Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element
in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic.
Author's name in
parentheses
One study found that the most important element in
comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic
(Gass & Varonis, 1984).
Multiple works (separate
each work with semi-colons)
Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves
comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis,
1984; Krech Thomas, 2004).
Direct quote, author's
name part of narrative
Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listener’s familiarity with
the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the
entire message” (p. 85).
Direct quote, author's
name in parentheses
One study found that “the listener's familiarity with the topic of
discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire
message” (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85).

2. Direct Quotation
Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the
listener’s familiarity with the topic of discourse
greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire
message” (85).
One study found that “the listener's familiarity
with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the
interpretation of the entire message” (Gass &
Varonis, 1984, 85).

3. For direct quotations of more than 40 words:
- display the quote as an indented
block of text without quotation
marks
- include the authors’ names, date,
and page number in parentheses at
the end of the quote.

4. Example 1
This example demonstrates a block
quote. Because some introductory phrases
will lead naturally into the block quote,
you might choose to begin the block
quote with a lowercase letter. In this
and the later examples we use
“Lorem ipsum” text to ensure that
each block quotation contains 40
words or more. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
(Organa, 2013, 234)

5. Example 2
This example also demonstrates a block
quote. Some introductory sentences end
abruptly in a colon or a period:
In those cases, you are more likely to
capitalize the beginning word of the block
quotation. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed nisi mi,
pharetra sit amet mi vitae, commodo
accumsan dui. Donec non scelerisque
quam. Pellentesque ut est sed neque.
(Calrissian, 2013, para. 3)

6. Example 3
This is another example of a block quotation.
Sometimes the author(s) being cited will be included in
the introduction. In that case, according to Skywalker
and Solo,
because the author names are in the introduction
of this quote, the parentheses that follow it will
include only the year and the page number.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Sed nisi mi, pharetra sit amet mi
vitae, commodo accumsan dui. Donec non
scelerisque quam. Pellentesque ut est sed neque.
(2013, 103)

7. Paraphrase / Summary
Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most
important element in comprehending non-native
speech is familiarity with the topic.
One study found that the most important
element in comprehending non-native speech is
familiarity with the topic (Gass & Varonis,
1984).

8. Two or more works
Research shows that listening to a particular
accent improves comprehension of accented
speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech
Thomas, 2004).

9. Same authors with different
years of publication
Research shows that listening to a particular
accent improves comprehension of accented
speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984, 1987).

10. Same authors with
the same years of publication
Research shows that listening to a particular
accent improves comprehension of accented
speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984b).

11. Three to five authors: First citation
In 2003, Berkowitz, Wadden, Tershakovec, and
Cronquist concluded, “Sibutramine . . . must be
carefully monitored in adolescents, as in adults,
to control increases in [blood pressure] and
pulse rate” (1811).

12. Three to five authors:
second citation onwards
As Berkowitz et al. (2003) advised, “Until
more extensive safety and efficacy data are
available, . . . weight-loss medications should
be used only on an experimental basis for
adolescents” (1811).

13. Six or more authors
As Berkowitz et al. (2003) advised, “Until more
extensive safety and efficacy data are available, . .
. weight-loss medications should be used only on
an experimental basis for adolescents” (1811).

14. • If publication year is not given, use “n.d.”
(no date).
Attempts to establish a definitive link between
television programming and children’s eating
habits have been problematic (Magnus, n.d.).

15. • If page number is unavailable, cite the
paragraph number.
“Television influences decision Filipinos make.
The medium has become their major source of
information” (Sarmiento, 2004, para. 5).

16. • Or if the source has headings, cite the heading
and the paragraph where the selection could be
found.
“Several other medications were classified by the
Drug Enforcement Administration as having the
“potential for abuse” (Hoppin and Taveras, 2004,
Weight-Loss Drugs section, para. 6).

17. • If no author is named, mention the title of the
source in the signal phrase or give the first
word or two of the title in the parentheses.
The body’s basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is a
measure of its at-rest energy requirement
(“Exercise,” 2003).

18. • If you use a source that was cited in another
source (a secondary source), name the original
source in your signal phrase. List the secondary
source in your reference list and include it in your
parenthetical citation, preceded by the words “as
cited in.” In the following example, Satcher is the
original source, and Critser is the secondary
source, given in the reference list.

19. Former surgeon general Dr. David Satcher
described “a nation of young people seriously
at risk of starting out obese and dooming
themselves to the difficult task of overcoming
a tough illness” (as cited in Critser, 2003, 4).