The document discusses strategies for designing products and business models for a circular economy. It provides examples of circular design projects including a toaster, headphones, and hockey sticks that are designed to be durable, repairable, upgradable, and able to have components reused or recycled. It also outlines different business model archetypes like classic long-life, hybrid, and access models that focus on product life extension and performance rather than single-use products and waste. The document emphasizes the need to shift from the current linear "take-make-waste" economy to a circular one due to the environmental and economic limits of continuous resource depletion and growth.

1. © Daniel Disselkoen

2. © Steven Cholewiak
CIRCULAR DESIGN
Extend product value propositions well
beyond the newness horizon.

3. DESIGN STRATEGIES INSPIRED BY NATURE
Many similarities, different approach and focus

4. DESIGN STRATEGIES INSPIRED BY NATURE
Many similarities, different approach and focus

5. DESIGN STRATEGIES INSPIRED BY NATURE
Many similarities, different approach and focus

6. © Amy Johansson
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
The need of changing the current linear
‘take-make-waste’ economical model

7. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Value destruction
TAKE

8. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Value destruction
TAKE MAKE

9. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Value destruction
TAKE MAKE WASTE

10. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Value preservation
TAKE MAKE WASTE

11. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Decreasing lifespan of consumer products

12. CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Circular Economy System Diagram

13. CIRCULAR TOASTER
Design out Waste project

14. © The Agency of Design
1. THE OPTIMIST
Designed to last for generations

15. © The Agency of Design
1. THE OPTIMIST
Unique day of birth of every toaster

16. © The Agency of Design
1. THE OPTIMIST
Aluminium cast with 100% recycled content

17. © The Agency of Design
1. THE OPTIMIST
Durable design and easy to repair

18. © The Agency of Design
2. THE PRAGMATIST
Creating ongoing flow of components

19. © The Agency of Design
2. THE PRAGMATIST
Modular design with individual toasting slots

20. © The Agency of Design
2. THE PRAGMATIST
Refurbishing product and easy to disassemble

21. © The Agency of Design
2. THE PRAGMATIST
Each slot has 9 lives showed on the bottom

22. © The Agency of Design
3. THE REALIST
Closed loop solution for cheapest market

23. © The Agency of Design
3. THE REALIST
Non destructive separation of the materials

24. © Pelican House
CIRCULAR HEADPHONES
Start-up challenges the world of electronics

25. © Pelican House
CIRCULAR HEADPHONES
Accessibility to high end headphones

26. © Pelican House
CIRCULAR HEADPHONES
Non destructive separation of the materials

27. © Ultimaker
VALUE ADDED REPAIR
3D printing opportunities for a circular economy

28. © Marcel den Hollander
HEDGE SCISSORS
Broken handle?

29. © Marcel den Hollander
HEDGE SCISSORS
Print a new and ergonomic one!

30. © Marcel den Hollander
DINNERWARE SET
Broken handle?

31. DINNERWARE SET
Don’t discard, but repair and revamp the
whole set!
© Marcel den Hollander

32. © Marcel den Hollander
FOOTBALL SHOES
Worn out studs?

33. FOOTBALL SHOES
Print a new set for wet-, dry or artificial
grass!
© Marcel den Hollander

34. © Marcel den Hollander
PAN LID
Broken grip?

35. © Marcel den Hollander
PAN LID
Print a new one with integrated spoon
holder!

36. © Marcel den Hollander
BICYCLE
Bracket corroded?

37. BICYCLE
Print a stainless replacement including a
holder for your taillight!
© Marcel den Hollander

38. BUSINESS MODEL
Because it all starts with business!
© Daniel Disselkoen

39. BUSINESS MODEL ARCHTEYPES
focus on selling products or service
Sell more, sell faster
1. Classic long-life model
2. Hybrid model
3. Gap-exploiter model
4. Access model
5. Performance model
Product
Service

40. © Miele
1. CLASSIC LONG-LIFE
Primary revenue stream from sales of high-
grade products with a long useful life.

41. © Philips
2. HYBRID
Combination of a durable product and
short-lived consumables.

42. © marktplaats
3. GAP-EXPLOITER
Exploits ‘lifetime value gaps’ or leftover
value in product systems (reuse).

43. © Repair cafe Castricum
3. GAP-EXPLOITER
Exploits ‘lifetime value gaps’ or leftover
value in product systems (repair).

44. © Upstyle Industries
3. GAP-EXPLOITER
Exploits ‘lifetime value gaps’ or leftover
value in product systems (remanufacture).

45. © Car2Go
4. ACCESS
Provides product access rather than
ownership.

46. © Philips
5. PERFORMANCE
Delivers product performance rather than
the product itself.

47. © Todd McLellan
PRODUCT
What is the focus of the design?

48. BUSINESS MODEL ARCHTEYPES
built to last or to change
Last
Change
1. Product Attachment & Trust
2. Product Durability
3. Standardization & Compatibility
4. Ease of maintenance & Repair
5. Upgradability & Adaptability
6. Dis- & Reassembly

49. © Patek Philippe
1. ATTACHMENT AND TRUST
Creating products that will be loved,
liked or trusted longer.

50. © Miele
2. DURABILITY
Optimum product reliability to match both
economic and emotional lifespan

51. © Vitsœ
3. STANDARDIZATION & COMPATIBILITY
Creating products with parts or interfaces
that fit other products as well.

52. © ifixit
4. EASE OF MAINTENANCE & REPAIR
Enabling products to be maintained in
tip-top condition.

53. © Project Ara
5. UPGRADABILITY & ADAPTABILITY
Allowing for future expansion and
modification.

54. © Volkswagen Golf
6. DIS- AND REASSEMBLY
Ensuring products and parts can be
separated and reassembled easily.

55. © Todd McLellan
1. PRODUCT
Start with something that can be taken
apart and cycle through different loops

56. © G Cid
2. SERVICE
Include the different usage life stages and
related touchpoints of the product

57. 3. BUSINESS MODEL
Describe the cost and revenue structure of
the product and services (e.g. touchpoints)
© Daniel Disselkoen

58. © Chantal Bekker
CIRCULAR HOCKEY STICK
Hockey sticks are used for a short period and junior
players outgrow it or prefer new appearance.

59. © Chantal Bekker
CIRCULAR SPEAKERS
People bring speakers to camps at music festivals
and are left behind, resulting in tones of E-waste.

60. © Chantal Bekker
CIRCULAR TOOTHPASTE
Toothpaste tubes are discarded with leftovers and are
difficult to recycle due to multi-layered plastics.

61. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
Decreasing stocks of non-renewable resources

62. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
The limitations of continuous growth

63. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
The limitations of continuous growth
Continuous growth results if
Physical limits are very far off, or
Physical limits are themselves
growing exponentially

64. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
The limitations of continuous growth
Sigmoid growth results if
Signals from physical limits to
growing economy are instant,
accurate and responded to
immediately, or
The population or economy limits
itself without needing signals from
external limits

65. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
The limitations of continuous growth
Overshoot and oscillation results if
Signals or responses are delayed,
and
Limits are unerodible or are able
to recover quickly from erosion

66. LIMITS OF A LINAIR ECONOMY
The limitations of continuous growth
Overshoot and collapse results if
Signals or responses are delayed,
and
Limits are erodible (irreversible
degraded when exceeded)

67. The
Circular Economy
in the
Asia Pacific Region
www.circularecconomyasia.org