This document compares and contrasts therapy and coaching. It discusses four main distinctions: 1) Therapy focuses on the past and problem-solving, while coaching focuses on the future and setting goals. 2) Clients generally seek therapy to "fix" problems, while seeking coaching to create possibilities and get more out of life. 3) Therapy involves an expert-patient relationship, while coaching is a collaborative partnership. 4) Therapists have more limitations generating new clients due to stigma, while coaching faces no such stigma. The document provides an overview of how therapists can transition to coaching by utilizing transferable skills like listening while adjusting assumptions to focus on possibilities rather than problems.

1. Border
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
Line Understanding the relationship
between therapy and coaching
By Patrick Williams, EdD, MCC
A
on the future and assumes the client
s the profession of life coaching evolves, it becomes
is whole and has the innate wisdom
more uniquely defined and described. Over the past and tools to have a wonderful life.
decade, many coaches and psychologists have clarified 2. Fix vs. create: Why clients come
its definition and role (Ellis, 2005; Williams and Davis, 2000; to see you. Clients generally seek a
Stober and Grant, 2006; Williams and Menendez, 2007), and therapist as a resource to fix or elimi-
these distinctions continue to emerge. Increasingly, life coach- nate their problem; clients seek a
coach to assist them in getting more
ing seems to be revealing itself as an evolutionary step beyond
out of their lives or creating new possi-
traditional therapy. Traditional ther- regarding which helping professional is bilities in their lives.
apy will not become extinct, but the best fit for a client’s current concern. 3. Professional vs. collegial: Char-
rather it will increasingly serve only The distinctions between tradi- acteristics of the helper-client rela-
those clients who need clinical ser- tional therapy and coaching can be tionship. Therapy clients generally
vices. On a continuum, the distinc- considered in four broad categories. see the therapist as an expert who
tions between the two fields might 1. Past vs. future: Perspectives on holds the answers and techniques to
be represented as in the chart on the the process. Therapy frequently fix their problems; coaching clients
opposite page focuses on the past and generally see the coach as a partner to support
As the helping professions continue assumes the client has a problem their growth and efforts to create an
to evolve, more clarity will emerge that needs solving; coaching focuses even better life than they have now.
22 VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3

2. Coaching
vs. Therapy
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
It’s important
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
4. Limited vs. open: How you gen-
to keep miles ing strategies:
erate new clients. Therapists are limited between • Talk with the client about her
in the ways they can generate clients your coaching personal and medical histories and
and how readily they can approach oth- previous mental health treatment.
ers about their services; coaches can be and therapy • Explore the history and duration
free and open about seeking clients and practices if of the problem.
discussing their services. • Discuss why the client believes
Let’s take a deeper look at each of you choose to she might have this problem at this
these distinctions. have both. time in her life and continue to gath-
er pertinent current and historical
1. Past versus Future: information.
Perspectives on the process companies. There are definitely • Consult the most recent DSM
In general, therapy has historically some coach-like therapists — in (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
dealt with the client’s past and some fact, they are usually the individuals of Mental Disorders) or the ICD
pain or dysfunction. Traditional psy- most comfortable with the thera- (International Classifications of
chotherapy focuses on the root of the pist-to-coach transition. Diseases), give the client a diagno-
problem, the history, the family of sis, and develop a treatment plan.
origin, and other causal issues. The 2. Fix versus Create: If the client has insurance, the diag-
helper’s role is to bring the client to an Why clients come to see you nosis hopefully is one that the insur-
adequate present or reasonable level In most clinical practices, clients come ance company will accept. If not, the
of functioning (taking the dysfunc- with a presenting problem that they therapist faces the common dilemma
tion into consideration). either want the therapist to solve or of deciding whether to assign a DSM
Coaching, by contrast, works with because someone else has sent them to diagnosis that will enable the client to
an individual who is already ade- get ‘fixed.’ Psychotherapists see many get insurance reimbursement. Many
quately functioning and moves him of the latter in marital therapy and therapists will do this simply to
to a higher level of functioning. From child therapy. enable the client to get reimburse-
a theoretical perspective, coaching Applying the traditional medical ment — not because the diagnosis is
focuses on the future, barrier identi- model of therapy, the therapist in any way helpful (with the exception
fication, goal setting, planning, and would likely undertake the follow- of training in a clinical program
creative action. Coaching works
actively with the conscious mind to THERAPY/COACHING CONTINUUM
facilitate the client to step into a
preferred future while also living a TRADITIONAL THERAPY TRANSITIONAL MODELS COACHING
fulfiling life in the present. (Old style) (Gray areas) (A new option)
Now, some of you are reading this Psychoanalytic Solution-focused brief Whole-life coaching
and thinking, “But I work in the Paradigm of pathology Paradigm of solutions Paradigm of possibility
future when I do therapy!” This may Orientation Orientation
well be the case, particularly if you Process Outcome
are trained and practice from a solu- Feelings Action
tion-focused perspective. However, Inner world Inner to outer worlds
if you are helping adequately func- History Language is primary tool Vision of future
tioning individuals move to higher Asking “Why?” Asking “How?”
levels of functioning by using coach- Therapist as expert Move away from pathology Coach as co-creator
ing techniques, you probably aren’t Client as patient Partnership of equals
doing therapy, or at least not therapy Medical model Freedom from managed care
as defined by most insurance
VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3 23

3. Coaching
vs. Therapy
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN THERAPY AND COACHING
THERAPY MENTORING CONSULTING COACHING
Deals mostly with a Deals mostly with succession Deals mostly with problems and Deals mostly with a person’s
person’s past and trau- training and seeks to help seeks to provide information present and seeks to guide
ma, and seeks healing someone do what you do (expertise, strategy, structures, them into a more desirable
methodologies) to solve them future
Doctor-patient Older/Wiser — Younger/Less Expert-Person with Problem Co-creative equal partnership
relationship (Therapist Experienced relationship relationship (Consultant has (Coach helps client discover
has the answers) (Mentor has the answers) the answers) their own answers)
Assumes emotions are Is limited to emotional Does not normally address or Assumes emotions are
a symptom of some- response of the mentoring deal with emotions (informa- natural and normalizes them
thing wrong parameters (succession, etc.) tional only)
The Therapist diag- The Mentor allows you to The Consultant stands back, The Coach stands with you,
noses, and then pro- observe his/her behavior, evaluates a situation, and and helps YOU identify the
vides professional expertise, answers ques- then tells you the problem challenges, then works with
expertise and guide- tions, provides guidance and how to fix it you to turn challenges into
lines to give you a path and wisdom for the stated victories and holds you
to healing purpose of the mentoring accountable to reach your
desired goals
setting). This situation is the sad reality the worried well. They don’t need, or true as well, but a therapist may do
of managed care and the rigid applica- usually even desire, a diagnostic label. coaching with a former therapy client
tion of the medical model to the helping They don’t have something broken that as long as there is a ritual ending of the
professions, which is mostly the case in needs an expert to fix. They just want therapy relationship and the new
the United States. more out of some aspect of their life coaching relationship is begun formally
Beyond this dilemma, the therapist and assume that by working with a and clearly. Therapists who have added
must consider the client’s perspective coach, they will achieve greater success a coaching niche to their business also
throughout this relationship. Clients in planning, setting goals, and creating maintain a list of qualified therapists for
assume that they will be fixed and will the life of their dreams. referrals. Likewise, therapists some-
achieve emotional healing as a result of If a client with a major psychological times refer clients to life coaches when
their relationship with a therapist; that is problem comes to see a life coach, the they have resolved their therapeutic
why they sought therapy in the first place. appropriate action is to refer that client issues and are ready to move forward
Coaching clients, on the other hand, to a qualified therapist. Coaches need with their life design and plans.
seek a coach for a myriad of reasons, to be proficient at recognizing appro-
most of which relate to their future. priate and inappropriate coaching 3. Professional versus Collegial:
New clients usually do not come clients, as well as the ethical guidelines Characteristics of the helper-client
because they have a major problem — of maintaining both a therapy and a relationship
certainly not a major psychological coaching practice. As a general rule, it’s The coaching relationship is egalitarian,
one. They are not coming with a dys- important to keep miles between your collegial, and balanced, and has the
function and typically are not coming coaching and therapy practices if you flavor of an active partnership. Life
in pain. They might have a little general choose to have both. Additionally, once coaches assume that clients hold the
malaise because they want more out of a person has been your coaching client, necessary knowledge and the solutions;
life and don’t know how to get it. it’s unwise to take him or her into your the coach simply helps unlock their wis-
Economists call this category of people therapy practice. The reverse is mostly dom. Consider this dialogic difference
24 VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3

4. Coaching
vs. Therapy
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
between therapy and coaching clients. makes it harder to create marketing
Therapy client: “I just don’t know efforts that are visible and relational.
what’s the matter with me — I’m so Identifying yourself as a professional
depressed.” coach in a social situation is much easi- CELEBRATING 10 YEARS OF
Coaching client: “I’m not sure where er than stating you are a therapist. In COACHING LEADERSHIP.
to go next; I want to have more time contrast, it is much easier to build visi-
with my family, but I’m just not sure ble and supportive relationships with
how to make it work and keep this job.”
Coaching clients often know where
other professionals for referral to your
coaching business, and it is also much
CONTACT US
they want to go; coaches help them clarify easier to speak publicly and without NOW TO LEARN
goals and see their way more clearly. There stigma about what you do.
is not a power differential per se in coach- HOW YOU CAN
ing. Good coaches make a conscious Transitioning from
effort to keep the relationship balanced. therapist to coach
If you were to observe a coaching ses- Now that we’ve covered the major dif-
sion, you would see that it is typically very ferences between therapy and coach- ENHANCE your clients’ results –
open — often friendly, casual, and light. ing, let’s examine some of the many and your own coaching business –
Life coaches laugh with their clients and, transferable skills good therapists (and through advanced coach skills training
when appropriate, may even joke or gent- other trained helpers) bring to the life
ly tease. With caution, life coaches may coaching relationship. FURTHER your mastery of the art of
feel comfortable sharing personal experi- If you have been trained as a thera- transformative coaching, and change
ences that are pertinent to what the pist or counselor, much of what you the lives of those around you
client is experiencing. Clients and coach- have learned will serve you well as a life
es feel as though they know each other on coach. Listening skills, reframing, posi- INCREASE the effectiveness of your
a deeper level than may be the case in tive regard for the client, note taking, company’s leaders by applying
many other professional relationships, and process skills are just a few of the coaching principles in your workplace
and many coaching clients report that transferable skills. Additionally, you
they appreciate that openness. know how to conduct intake interviews LEARN about certification programs
At the same time, coaches are profes- and discuss difficult issues with clients, coming soon to Boston, Chicago,
sionals and should act accordingly. The and have probably heard such a variety Washington DC and Portland OR
International Coach Federation’s Code of stories in therapy that you won’t be
of Ethics delineates the high standards surprised by the issues that clients BECOME a confident and successful
of professional behavior appropriate to bring to coaching. If you are trained in Certified Professional Coach
the practice of life coaching. The colle- solution-focused therapy, which uses a
gial nature of the relationship between group of questions to focus the client’s
coach and client in no way lessens the attention and awareness on what works LEARNING. LEADING. LIVING.
importance of abiding by ethical and rather than what is broken, you already ESTABLISHED IN 1997
professional guidelines. have a valuable set of tools you can
transfer to life coaching. WWW.COACHTRAINING.COM
4. Limited versus Open: When Deb Davis, a colleague, teaches
How you generate new clients workshops, she describes changing thera- TOLL FREE 1.877.228.2622
LEARN@COACHTRAINING.COM
Therapists who add coaching to their peutic assumptions to the coaching per-
business quickly notice the lack of stig- spective as analogous to resetting the
ma attached to attracting new coaching default buttons on a computer. Therapists
clients. Most people don’t talk openly have been trained to function from a cer-
about the need to see a therapist, which tain operating system. As you transition

5. Coaching
vs. Therapy
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
Reproduced with the permission of choice Magazine, www.choice-online.com
into the coaching perspective and operate
Listening skills coach to recognize and modify or elimi-
from coaching assumptions, you’ll need and reframing… nate the assumptions and practices that
to reset the default buttons on your inter- are just [two] may stand in the way of success for your
nal operating system so you can think coaching clients.
and act like a coach rather than as a ther- of the transfer- In summary, it is critical that thera-
apist. If you’ve ever traveled to a foreign able skills. pists who transition to life coaching
country and had to adapt to driving on understand the distinctions between the
the other side of the road, you under- two professions. It is equally important
stand the necessary period of adjust- they have many transferable skills and for people enrolled in coach-specific
ment. Y have all the basic skills but
ou appropriate preparation that serve training to learn about these distinctions
need to adjust the context in which you them well as they transition from help- so they can stay in the coach role and not
use them. With time, you acclimate to ing professionals to life coaches. delve into therapy territory. Your previ-
the new paradigm, and eventually it However, the two relationships are also ous training and experiences will dictate
becomes second nature. distinct in key ways, and some of the the extent to which you’ll need to alter
The coaching profession is evolving, foundational assumptions that profes- your professional mindset in order to
and we are continually developing sionals have made as therapists are not acquire the coaching perspective. •
increasing awareness of the distinctions appropriate in the life-coaching rela-
and similarities between therapy and tionship. It is your obligation as a pro- Patrick Williams, EdD, MCC, is Chief Energizing
coaching. Therapists are learning that fessional wanting to be a great life Officer of the Institute for Life Coach Training.
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26 VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3