This document provides information about China's economy. It discusses:
- China's land area, population, capital, currency, and ranking in the world's economy.
- The history of China's economy including the pre-reform centrally planned economy and the introduction of economic reforms in 1979 which transitioned to a more market-based system.
- China's significant economic growth since reforms, with average annual GDP growth of 9.9% from 1979-2011 compared to 6.7% previously. Key drivers included market reforms, openness to trade, and pragmatism.
- China's emergence as the world's largest manufacturer and details about its manufacturing output and competitiveness.
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China has experienced rapid economic growth and development since implementing market reforms in 1978. It has transitioned from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and service-based one, with GDP growth averaging around 10% annually. China is now the world's second largest economy and trades heavily, both importing and exporting a wide range of goods. Several economic theories help explain China's growth, such as Lewis model of labor transitioning from agriculture to industry and the Solow model of high savings and investment fueling expansion.
China’s Economic Miracle Under A Macro Economic Viewhong_nona
This is my MBA Business Economic project addressing China’s robust economic growth from a top-10 global economy to the top 3-global economy in 10 years in-row.
China has the world's second largest economy and was the fastest growing major economy over the last 30 years. It began economic reforms in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping and now has an annual GDP growth rate around 6%. China is also the largest trading nation, manufacturer, and exporter in the world. Foreign investment in Chinese stocks and bonds has grown significantly in recent years.
China has experienced rapid economic growth averaging 10% annually, making it the world's second largest economy. While GDP growth has slowed recently to around 6.5%, the government is taking steps to transition to a more consumption-based economy with a focus on sustainability. Manufacturing dominates China's economy, accounting for over 45% of GDP, while the services sector is growing rapidly and now represents around 44% of GDP. Inequality remains an issue, with the Gini coefficient between 0.47-0.49.
This document provides an overview of China, including its flag, national anthem, president, premier, history, opportunities, threats, economic indicators, imports, exports, industries, and trade policies. It discusses key facts about China's government leaders, economic growth over the past decade, major trading partners, imported and exported goods, and largest industries such as automobiles, steel, textiles, electronics, and petrochemicals. The document aims to give a broad introduction to China's political and economic landscape.
The document provides an overview of China's economic growth and history. It discusses China's transition from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and market-based one through various 5-year plans beginning in the 1950s. Key events included the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, which resulted in famine, and the Cultural Revolution from 1966-1976, which disrupted the economy. Economic reforms began in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping, opening China up to foreign investment and trade.
This document provides an overview of China's economic development from 1979 to the present. It discusses how China implemented economic reforms beginning in 1979, including establishing special economic zones, decentralizing economic policymaking, encouraging private businesses and foreign investment. As a result of these reforms, China's economy has grown substantially faster than during the pre-reform period, with an average annual growth rate of around 10% between 1979-2010. China has become the world's second largest economy and largest exporter, achieving unprecedented economic growth and dramatically improving living standards.
China has experienced rapid economic growth and development since implementing market reforms in 1978. It has transitioned from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and service-based one, with GDP growth averaging around 10% annually. China is now the world's second largest economy and trades heavily, both importing and exporting a wide range of goods. Several economic theories help explain China's growth, such as Lewis model of labor transitioning from agriculture to industry and the Solow model of high savings and investment fueling expansion.
China’s Economic Miracle Under A Macro Economic Viewhong_nona
This is my MBA Business Economic project addressing China’s robust economic growth from a top-10 global economy to the top 3-global economy in 10 years in-row.
China has the world's second largest economy and was the fastest growing major economy over the last 30 years. It began economic reforms in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping and now has an annual GDP growth rate around 6%. China is also the largest trading nation, manufacturer, and exporter in the world. Foreign investment in Chinese stocks and bonds has grown significantly in recent years.
China has experienced rapid economic growth averaging 10% annually, making it the world's second largest economy. While GDP growth has slowed recently to around 6.5%, the government is taking steps to transition to a more consumption-based economy with a focus on sustainability. Manufacturing dominates China's economy, accounting for over 45% of GDP, while the services sector is growing rapidly and now represents around 44% of GDP. Inequality remains an issue, with the Gini coefficient between 0.47-0.49.
This document provides an overview of China, including its flag, national anthem, president, premier, history, opportunities, threats, economic indicators, imports, exports, industries, and trade policies. It discusses key facts about China's government leaders, economic growth over the past decade, major trading partners, imported and exported goods, and largest industries such as automobiles, steel, textiles, electronics, and petrochemicals. The document aims to give a broad introduction to China's political and economic landscape.
The document provides an overview of China's economic growth and history. It discusses China's transition from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and market-based one through various 5-year plans beginning in the 1950s. Key events included the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, which resulted in famine, and the Cultural Revolution from 1966-1976, which disrupted the economy. Economic reforms began in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping, opening China up to foreign investment and trade.
This document provides an overview of China's economic development from 1979 to the present. It discusses how China implemented economic reforms beginning in 1979, including establishing special economic zones, decentralizing economic policymaking, encouraging private businesses and foreign investment. As a result of these reforms, China's economy has grown substantially faster than during the pre-reform period, with an average annual growth rate of around 10% between 1979-2010. China has become the world's second largest economy and largest exporter, achieving unprecedented economic growth and dramatically improving living standards.
The document compares key economic indicators of China and the United States, including:
- A healthy GDP growth rate is 7.5% for China and 3% for the US.
- Healthy unemployment rates are 4% for China and 5% for the US.
- Healthy inflation rates are ≤2% for China and ≤3% for the US.
The document also analyzes China's foreign trade relationships and investments.
This document provides an overview of the Chinese economy from the post-World War 2 era to the 21st century. It discusses China's early economic strategies following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, including implementing 5-year plans and increasing state ownership. It outlines China's economic reforms beginning in 1978, increasing market mechanisms and trade. It then examines China's role as a major global manufacturer and top exporter, as well as its regional trade agreements. It also notes both China's continued success and challenges such as the environment, inequality, and urbanization.
Bangladesh’s economy has been ranked 41st among the largest economies in the world in 2019— stepping up from 43rd-place last year—according to a study published by the UK- based economic consultancy Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR).
Bangladesh which is 8th most populated country in the world has found herself back footed due to the burden of over population. The density of population is 1600 per kilometer tells the magnitude of the problem. The limited resources should go to meet the basic needs of the population or be used to build infrastructure which would pave the way for greater economic growth- this dilemma has put Bangladesh Government at a vulnerable position. No doubt major portion of the earnings is spent on the import of edibles. This has hindered the growth as expenditure on capital goods as well as infrastructure development suffered a lot.
China has emerged as a global power with the world's largest population of over 1.35 billion people. It has experienced rapid economic growth of around 9% annually in recent years due to factors like manufacturing and export industries, though issues like inflation, housing bubbles, and export markets pose risks. China also continues to be an authoritarian state that restricts many human rights and freedoms. It has a large military and places great emphasis on education to advance science and technology.
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
This document provides an overview of China's economic growth and its impact on the world economy. It discusses several key topics:
1) The ongoing US-China trade war and tensions as the US challenges China's rise.
2) China's transformation from a capital importer to a major capital exporter through foreign direct investments.
3) The Belt and Road Initiative which aims to boost infrastructure and connectivity but faces concerns about debt traps.
4) China's increasing trade ties with emerging economies and how fluctuations in Chinese demand can significantly impact countries reliant on exports to China.
Comparsion between Musharaff and nawaz shareef eraNofil Khan
This document compares the economic performance of Pakistan under dictator and democratic rule, specifically during the eras of Musharraf and Nawaz Sharif. It analyzes metrics such as GDP growth, foreign investment, tax collection, education indicators, and external debt. Overall, it finds that the economy generally performed better during Musharraf's rule from 1999-2008, with higher GDP growth, greater investment, and debt levels that increased at a slower pace.
Pakistan has a mixed economy that relies on agriculture, services, and light industries. It faces several economic challenges including low savings and exports, high imports and government spending, and lagging social indicators. The economy suffers from issues like corruption, poverty, and periods of political instability including military dictatorships. Education levels are relatively low, inflation and poverty are problems, and child labor remains widespread. Monetary and fiscal policies aim to influence economic activity but challenges persist.
Pakistan has a mixed economy based on agriculture, industry, and services. It faces several economic challenges including consuming more than it produces, importing more than it exports, and government spending exceeding revenues. Other issues include poverty, corruption, an unstable government, terrorism activities, and energy/water shortages. The economy relies heavily on textile exports and fuel imports. Maintaining political stability and improving social indicators are keys to strengthening Pakistan's economy.
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
Pakistan's economy faces several challenges including a large debt burden requiring significant debt servicing payments, balance of payments deficits as imports exceed exports, low domestic savings rates, government spending exceeding revenues, a shrinking share of world trade, chronic energy shortages exacerbated by high load shedding, and damage from frequent natural disasters. Addressing these economic issues will be important for Pakistan to achieve greater economic stability and growth.
The Pakistani economy has experienced difficulties in recent years. It suffered from political disputes, population growth, and tensions with India that slowed growth. High inflation, especially above 9% in 2005, has also harmed the economy. More recently, widespread power outages have damaged industries, and the global financial crisis caused Pakistan's foreign reserves and balance of payments to decline sharply in 2008, resulting in an IMF bailout. The value of the Pakistani rupee against the dollar has also fallen over this period.
The document summarizes key information about Pakistan's economy. It states that Pakistan has the 26th largest economy by PPP and 44th largest by nominal GDP. The economy has grown at an average of 4.14% annually and per capita income is $3,144, ranking 140th globally. However, Pakistan faces challenges such as a low savings rate, high imports, energy shortages, and security issues that impact the business environment.
The document discusses the economy of Pakistan. It provides an overview of Pakistan's economy, including key statistics and sectors such as agriculture. It outlines several challenges facing Pakistan's economy, including low savings and investment rates, a trade deficit, and fiscal deficits. It also discusses proposed solutions such as improving human capital through education, using technology, harnessing a young labor force, and decentralizing governance. The overall message is that Pakistan has potential for economic growth but must address challenges through strategic planning and hard work.
Global economics presentation. China'a role in the global economy. The presentation consists of Background,
GDP, Trade, Bad Publicity, Wages & Financial, and Economic Growth
The document summarizes the economy and key economic issues of Pakistan. It outlines that Pakistan has a population of over 207 million and its economy is ranked 23rd largest by PPP and 38th by nominal GDP. The economy is semi-industrialized with major exports including textiles, sports goods, and chemicals. Key economic sectors include agriculture, which contributes 18.9% to GDP and is led by wheat and cotton production, and industry, which makes up 20.9% of GDP and includes textiles, IT, mining and cement. Services account for 60.2% of GDP. Major economic issues facing Pakistan include high inflation, a trade deficit, poverty, corruption, and terrorism.
This document provides an economic comparison of Pakistan and China and discusses the growing economic relationship between the two countries. Some key points:
- Pakistan has experienced slow growth and underdevelopment due to political instability and low foreign investment, while China has seen rapid economic growth since economic reforms began in the late 1970s.
- Trade between Pakistan and China has increased significantly in recent decades and a free trade agreement was signed in 2006. China is now Pakistan's second largest trade partner.
- A Pak-China Economic Corridor is being constructed to connect the two countries and facilitate trade. It is expected to increase bilateral trade volume to $15 billion by 2015.
- The relationship provides opportunities for Pakistan but also challenges
Pakistan's economy grew by 5.8% in 2007-08, below the target of 7.2% due to weak performance in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. GDP per capita grew significantly over the past six years due to rising remittances and economic growth. However, inflation increased to 10.3% while the current account deficit widened sharply. Overall the economy showed resilience despite challenges but fell short of targets on several fronts such as GDP growth and tax revenue collection.
Import, Export and Economic Growth: the Case of Lower Income CountryIOSRJBM
Bangladesh is now considered as a lower middle-incomecountry by the blessing of international trade.Therefore, Bangladesh needs to take an effective policymaking decision in terms of international trade fortheirfurther development. Hence it is important to check whether Bangladesh needs more import or export for its further development. As a result, current research tries to see the relationship between import and GDP growth of Bangladesh by taking 32 years (1981-1992) of time series data.Relevant data were collected from the Bangladesh Bank website and World Bank Database. From the analysis, theresearcherconcludes that import is negatively related with GPD growth as well as GDP growth rate is also negatively related with Import.
The document discusses the business environment in China by examining the economic, political, and cultural factors that influence business practices. It summarizes that China has a huge potential market but also poses risks due to differences in its political system and culture. The economy has grown significantly through foreign investment and trade, though challenges remain around infrastructure, currency policy, and human rights issues. Understanding these environmental factors is important for foreign businesses operating in China.
People’s Republic of China which was founded in 1949 was in the position of a self-enclosed economy. Together with the economic reforms carried out in 1980s, China has entered into a transition period from socialist system to free market economy. Together with these reforms, China became a member of IMF in 1989 and World Trade Organization in 2001. As a result of these international expansion policies, the country takes the attention with its high growing rates and becomes the focus of the international capital. Especially after the country became a member in World Trade Organization in 2001, foreign trade volume has expanded and foreign direct investment flow is increased. Foreign trade reforms in China are analyzed in this study because of the outstanding growth in Chinese trade in recent years.
The Effects of China's membership in WTO on Hong Kong EconomyNAMI TAHERI
The document discusses factors that have contributed to China's economic growth over the past few decades, including high investment and savings rates, market-oriented reforms, Hong Kong's role in facilitating trade and finance, and China's entry into the WTO. While China has experienced significant growth, issues remain such as regional economic disparities, environmental degradation, and political and social challenges.
The document compares key economic indicators of China and the United States, including:
- A healthy GDP growth rate is 7.5% for China and 3% for the US.
- Healthy unemployment rates are 4% for China and 5% for the US.
- Healthy inflation rates are ≤2% for China and ≤3% for the US.
The document also analyzes China's foreign trade relationships and investments.
This document provides an overview of the Chinese economy from the post-World War 2 era to the 21st century. It discusses China's early economic strategies following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, including implementing 5-year plans and increasing state ownership. It outlines China's economic reforms beginning in 1978, increasing market mechanisms and trade. It then examines China's role as a major global manufacturer and top exporter, as well as its regional trade agreements. It also notes both China's continued success and challenges such as the environment, inequality, and urbanization.
Bangladesh’s economy has been ranked 41st among the largest economies in the world in 2019— stepping up from 43rd-place last year—according to a study published by the UK- based economic consultancy Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR).
Bangladesh which is 8th most populated country in the world has found herself back footed due to the burden of over population. The density of population is 1600 per kilometer tells the magnitude of the problem. The limited resources should go to meet the basic needs of the population or be used to build infrastructure which would pave the way for greater economic growth- this dilemma has put Bangladesh Government at a vulnerable position. No doubt major portion of the earnings is spent on the import of edibles. This has hindered the growth as expenditure on capital goods as well as infrastructure development suffered a lot.
China has emerged as a global power with the world's largest population of over 1.35 billion people. It has experienced rapid economic growth of around 9% annually in recent years due to factors like manufacturing and export industries, though issues like inflation, housing bubbles, and export markets pose risks. China also continues to be an authoritarian state that restricts many human rights and freedoms. It has a large military and places great emphasis on education to advance science and technology.
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
This document provides an overview of China's economic growth and its impact on the world economy. It discusses several key topics:
1) The ongoing US-China trade war and tensions as the US challenges China's rise.
2) China's transformation from a capital importer to a major capital exporter through foreign direct investments.
3) The Belt and Road Initiative which aims to boost infrastructure and connectivity but faces concerns about debt traps.
4) China's increasing trade ties with emerging economies and how fluctuations in Chinese demand can significantly impact countries reliant on exports to China.
Comparsion between Musharaff and nawaz shareef eraNofil Khan
This document compares the economic performance of Pakistan under dictator and democratic rule, specifically during the eras of Musharraf and Nawaz Sharif. It analyzes metrics such as GDP growth, foreign investment, tax collection, education indicators, and external debt. Overall, it finds that the economy generally performed better during Musharraf's rule from 1999-2008, with higher GDP growth, greater investment, and debt levels that increased at a slower pace.
Pakistan has a mixed economy that relies on agriculture, services, and light industries. It faces several economic challenges including low savings and exports, high imports and government spending, and lagging social indicators. The economy suffers from issues like corruption, poverty, and periods of political instability including military dictatorships. Education levels are relatively low, inflation and poverty are problems, and child labor remains widespread. Monetary and fiscal policies aim to influence economic activity but challenges persist.
Pakistan has a mixed economy based on agriculture, industry, and services. It faces several economic challenges including consuming more than it produces, importing more than it exports, and government spending exceeding revenues. Other issues include poverty, corruption, an unstable government, terrorism activities, and energy/water shortages. The economy relies heavily on textile exports and fuel imports. Maintaining political stability and improving social indicators are keys to strengthening Pakistan's economy.
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
Pakistan's economy faces several challenges including a large debt burden requiring significant debt servicing payments, balance of payments deficits as imports exceed exports, low domestic savings rates, government spending exceeding revenues, a shrinking share of world trade, chronic energy shortages exacerbated by high load shedding, and damage from frequent natural disasters. Addressing these economic issues will be important for Pakistan to achieve greater economic stability and growth.
The Pakistani economy has experienced difficulties in recent years. It suffered from political disputes, population growth, and tensions with India that slowed growth. High inflation, especially above 9% in 2005, has also harmed the economy. More recently, widespread power outages have damaged industries, and the global financial crisis caused Pakistan's foreign reserves and balance of payments to decline sharply in 2008, resulting in an IMF bailout. The value of the Pakistani rupee against the dollar has also fallen over this period.
The document summarizes key information about Pakistan's economy. It states that Pakistan has the 26th largest economy by PPP and 44th largest by nominal GDP. The economy has grown at an average of 4.14% annually and per capita income is $3,144, ranking 140th globally. However, Pakistan faces challenges such as a low savings rate, high imports, energy shortages, and security issues that impact the business environment.
The document discusses the economy of Pakistan. It provides an overview of Pakistan's economy, including key statistics and sectors such as agriculture. It outlines several challenges facing Pakistan's economy, including low savings and investment rates, a trade deficit, and fiscal deficits. It also discusses proposed solutions such as improving human capital through education, using technology, harnessing a young labor force, and decentralizing governance. The overall message is that Pakistan has potential for economic growth but must address challenges through strategic planning and hard work.
Global economics presentation. China'a role in the global economy. The presentation consists of Background,
GDP, Trade, Bad Publicity, Wages & Financial, and Economic Growth
The document summarizes the economy and key economic issues of Pakistan. It outlines that Pakistan has a population of over 207 million and its economy is ranked 23rd largest by PPP and 38th by nominal GDP. The economy is semi-industrialized with major exports including textiles, sports goods, and chemicals. Key economic sectors include agriculture, which contributes 18.9% to GDP and is led by wheat and cotton production, and industry, which makes up 20.9% of GDP and includes textiles, IT, mining and cement. Services account for 60.2% of GDP. Major economic issues facing Pakistan include high inflation, a trade deficit, poverty, corruption, and terrorism.
This document provides an economic comparison of Pakistan and China and discusses the growing economic relationship between the two countries. Some key points:
- Pakistan has experienced slow growth and underdevelopment due to political instability and low foreign investment, while China has seen rapid economic growth since economic reforms began in the late 1970s.
- Trade between Pakistan and China has increased significantly in recent decades and a free trade agreement was signed in 2006. China is now Pakistan's second largest trade partner.
- A Pak-China Economic Corridor is being constructed to connect the two countries and facilitate trade. It is expected to increase bilateral trade volume to $15 billion by 2015.
- The relationship provides opportunities for Pakistan but also challenges
Pakistan's economy grew by 5.8% in 2007-08, below the target of 7.2% due to weak performance in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. GDP per capita grew significantly over the past six years due to rising remittances and economic growth. However, inflation increased to 10.3% while the current account deficit widened sharply. Overall the economy showed resilience despite challenges but fell short of targets on several fronts such as GDP growth and tax revenue collection.
Import, Export and Economic Growth: the Case of Lower Income CountryIOSRJBM
Bangladesh is now considered as a lower middle-incomecountry by the blessing of international trade.Therefore, Bangladesh needs to take an effective policymaking decision in terms of international trade fortheirfurther development. Hence it is important to check whether Bangladesh needs more import or export for its further development. As a result, current research tries to see the relationship between import and GDP growth of Bangladesh by taking 32 years (1981-1992) of time series data.Relevant data were collected from the Bangladesh Bank website and World Bank Database. From the analysis, theresearcherconcludes that import is negatively related with GPD growth as well as GDP growth rate is also negatively related with Import.
The document discusses the business environment in China by examining the economic, political, and cultural factors that influence business practices. It summarizes that China has a huge potential market but also poses risks due to differences in its political system and culture. The economy has grown significantly through foreign investment and trade, though challenges remain around infrastructure, currency policy, and human rights issues. Understanding these environmental factors is important for foreign businesses operating in China.
People’s Republic of China which was founded in 1949 was in the position of a self-enclosed economy. Together with the economic reforms carried out in 1980s, China has entered into a transition period from socialist system to free market economy. Together with these reforms, China became a member of IMF in 1989 and World Trade Organization in 2001. As a result of these international expansion policies, the country takes the attention with its high growing rates and becomes the focus of the international capital. Especially after the country became a member in World Trade Organization in 2001, foreign trade volume has expanded and foreign direct investment flow is increased. Foreign trade reforms in China are analyzed in this study because of the outstanding growth in Chinese trade in recent years.
The Effects of China's membership in WTO on Hong Kong EconomyNAMI TAHERI
The document discusses factors that have contributed to China's economic growth over the past few decades, including high investment and savings rates, market-oriented reforms, Hong Kong's role in facilitating trade and finance, and China's entry into the WTO. While China has experienced significant growth, issues remain such as regional economic disparities, environmental degradation, and political and social challenges.
presentaion on economic deveopment of china and indiaSai Praveen
The document provides an overview of the economies of India and China. It discusses their ancient civilizations and economic developments since independence. Both countries have experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades, with China's GDP growing at around 9-10% annually since 1980 and India's at around 6%. However, both economies also face challenges. India struggles with issues like inflation, infrastructure gaps, and a large budget deficit. China contends with pollution, income inequality, and an overheating economy. The document concludes with summaries of each country's current economy, noting India's growing services sector and China's transition to a more market-based system and role as a global trade power.
The document discusses China's economic development and unemployment rate. It notes that China experienced rapid economic growth after economic reforms in 1978. China joined the WTO in 2001 and became the world's factory due to its large labor force and resources. In 2009, China surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. However, China still faces issues of inflation and uneven income distribution between urban and rural workers, with average wages remaining below international standards. High inflation has impacted social welfare.
The document discusses China's economic development and unemployment rate. It notes that China experienced rapid economic growth after economic reforms in 1978. China joined the WTO in 2001 and became the world's factory due to its large labor force and resources. In 2009, China surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. However, inflation increased to its highest level from 2009 to 2011 despite government efforts. While China has high GDP growth, its average worker income remains below international standards, and economic development has not always benefited workers.
This document discusses investment spending and economic growth in China. Some key points:
- China has the world's second largest economy and experienced incredible GDP growth rates over the last 20 years, averaging around 40% savings rate.
- China is investing heavily in infrastructure like railways, where spending tripled, and other areas like agriculture and coal mining.
- Investment as a percentage of China's GDP rose to 46.1% in 2012 and 47% now, compared to 18% in the US.
- China's domestic investment spending is surging as the government pours money into development projects to counter slowing exports.
- The analysis suggests China's investment spending will soon surpass the US as Chinese companies
Impact of china on global economic developmentRamachandran S
China's economy has grown rapidly since economic reforms began in 1978. It is now the world's second largest economy, having surpassed major economies like Germany and Japan. However, China's impact on the global economy depends not just on its growth but also on how integrated its economy is with the world. While China's exports and imports have increased as a percentage of its GDP, indicating greater economic integration, its share of global GDP and contribution to world growth have begun to level off in recent decades as other nations like India experience stronger growth. Both China and India influence the global economy through increased trade but also compete in some markets while complementing each other in others. Overall China's large economy has significant effects on global trade and growth patterns
The document discusses China's economic development and modernization over recent decades. It notes that China has seen rapid GDP growth and has risen to become the world's second largest economy. It attributes this success to China having clear goals and plans laid out in its Five Year Plans, focusing on urbanization, technology advancement, increasing human capital, and other factors. The document also examines China's growing role in global trade and foreign investment.
An economy consists of the economic resources and agents of a country or area. The world economy is based on the economies of all countries. In 2008, the 12 largest economies contributed over half of global economic growth, led by China and the US. Growth slowed in wealthy nations but also declined in emerging markets due to the global financial crisis.
China's GDP grew by 7.4% in the third quarter of 2012, representing a sharp slowdown from previous years. Growth has fallen below the target range of 9-10% due to factors such as falling exports and imports, a decline in industrial output, a collapse in real estate investment, and falling consumer prices. Unemployment remains low at 4.1% as China focuses on job creation. China runs a current account surplus equivalent to around 4% of its GDP and has large foreign exchange reserves of over $3 trillion. The government is focusing fiscal policy on tax cuts and spending on education, healthcare and social programs to boost domestic consumption.
The document summarizes the emerging business power of China and India and its potential impacts on Nepal. It discusses how Nepal is located between the two largest and fastest growing economies. While this presents opportunities for Nepal to leverage its location for trade and tourism, it also poses challenges. The document analyzes economic data on GDP and growth trends. It suggests ways Nepal can capitalize on opportunities like being a transit point for China-India trade and attracting religious tourism from both countries. However, it also notes potential negative impacts like environmental damage and threats to Nepal's culture and independence. The presentation covers background, economic scenarios, data analysis, opportunities for Nepal, risks, and strategies to multiply GDP through foreign investment, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
Giáo sư Tony Makin tham gia VEAM 2015 với bài trình bày về “Triển vọng cho nền kinh tế châu Á”.
Professor Tony Makin joined in VEAM 2015 with the presentation about “Prospect for the Asian Economy”.
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Globalization has significantly impacted the Indian economy. India's GDP growth rate is around 8.8% and its GDP per capita income has increased to $1,030, ranking it 139th in the world. However, India's integration into the global economy still lags countries like China, with FDI flows only averaging around 0.5% of GDP compared to 5% for China. While India has benefited from economic liberalization, issues still remain in the agriculture sector, where the share of GDP is only 18% and many farmers remain landless or in debt. Overall, globalization has largely benefited India's economy but further progress is still needed in certain areas.
While China's economy is larger and more developed than India's based on GDP, GDP growth, and GDP per capita, both countries have undergone significant economic reforms and liberalization in recent decades. China began reforms earlier in 1978, transitioning to a more market-based economy, while India's reforms were more hesitant and piecemeal until a crisis in 1991 led to broader reforms. Both countries have seen strong growth in recent years, especially in manufacturing and services, but China's economy remains substantially larger and its growth rates higher.
Globalization has significantly impacted India's agricultural sector in several ways. It has changed the structure of the economy so that the services sector now contributes the largest portion of GDP compared to agriculture previously. Globalization has also increased India's overall economic growth rate and position in the global economy. However, it has also led to issues like marginalization of small farmers in India as larger farmers have benefited more from economic reforms. Continuing this trend could create future problems if not addressed properly. Overall, globalization presents both opportunities and challenges that India must navigate carefully to achieve continued development.
The document discusses international trade in Pakistan. It provides information on Pakistan's imports and exports, including key trading partners and commodities. While Pakistan has trade partnerships, it faces a large trade deficit due to lower demand for its exports and higher imports compared to exports. Political instability also contributes to the deficit. The deficit is expected to increase further as Pakistan's oil imports rise. Pakistan's economy relies on agriculture but is supported by industry as well. However, exports mainly consist of raw materials rather than manufactured goods.
Korea has the 15th largest economy in the world. After recovering quickly from the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Korea has maintained steady economic growth and low unemployment. The two main types of foreign investment in Korea are foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, both of which have requirements under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act to facilitate investing in Korea. Logistics is highlighted as a promising sector for foreign investment due to Korea's location and growing logistics market.
India's economy has grown rapidly since the 1980s averaging 5% growth per year and over 7% since 2001. This growth has significantly reduced poverty levels. However, challenges remain in making growth more inclusive and addressing infrastructure bottlenecks. India's continuing growth will have positive effects on the global economy through increased trade and investment, but also risks upward pressure on commodity prices and energy demand. Managing this growth in an environmentally sustainable way remains an important task.
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2. LAND : 9.6 million square kms,
China is the world's second-
largest country by land area
having communist economy .CAPITAL: Beijing
POPULATION:
1,353,821,000
{1ST
AS 2012 ESTIMATES}
CURRENCY:
Renminbi
4. China's 2012 nominal GDP per capita of US$6,075 puts it behind
around ninety countries (out of 183 countries on the IMF list) in
global GDP per capita rankings.
As of 2013, it is the world's second-largest economy by both
nominal total GDP and purchasing power parity (PPP).
It is also the world's largest exporter and importer of goods.
The nominal GDP, totaling approximately US$8.227 trillion
according to the International Monetary Fund(IMF).
5. HISTORY OF CHINESE
ECONOMY
• China’s Economy Prior to Reforms.
• The Introduction Of Economic Reforms.
• China’s Economic Growth and Reforms 1979-2012.
• Causes of China’s Economic Growth.
6. China’s Economy Prior
to Reforms.
•Prior to 1979, China, maintained a centrally planned, or
command, economy.
•A large share of the country’s economic output was
directed and controlled by the state.
•Private enterprises and foreign-invested firms were
generally barred.
•Government policies kept the Chinese economy
relatively stagnant and inefficient
•The Chinese government in 1978 decided to break with
its economic policies by gradually reforming the economy
according to free market principles.
7. The Introduction Of
Economic Reforms
Beginning in 1979, China launched several economic
reforms.
The central government initiated price and ownership
incentives for farmers, which enabled them to sell a portion
of their crops on the free market.
Citizens were encouraged to start their own businesses.
State price controls on a wide range of products were
gradually eliminated.
Trade liberalization was also a major key to China’s
economic success.
8. China’s Economic Growth
and Reforms 1979-2012.
•Since the introduction of economic reforms, China’s
economy has grown substantially faster than during the
pre-reform period.
•According to the Chinese government, from 1953 to
1978, real annual GDP growth was estimated at 6.7%.
•During the reform period (1979-2011), China’s average
annual real GDP grew by 9.9%.
•China’s real GDP growth fell from 14.2% in 2007 to
9.6% in 2008 to 9.2% in 2009.
9. • In 2010, China’s real GDP grew by 10.4%, and in 2011 it
rose by 9.2%.
• In 2012, China’s real GDP growth slowed to 7.8%.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in April 2013
projected that China’s real GDP would grow 8.0% in
2013 and 8.2% in 2014.
10. Causes of China’s
Economic Growth.
Introduction of market system, first in the rural
areas & then in urban areas.
Other 3 important reasons:
1st
Openness: China welcomed international
trade.
2nd
Pragmatism: Willing to try almost
everything.
3rd
Pareto improving: Almost everyone is made
better off.
11. China as the World’s
Largest Manufacturer
•China has emerged as the world’s largest
manufacturer according to the United Nations.
•China overtook Japan as the world’s second-
largest manufacturer on a gross value added
basis in 2006 and the United States in 2010.
•In its 2013 Global Manufacturing
Competitiveness Index, ranked China first in
manufacturing in 2013 and projected it would
remain so in five years.
•The United States ranked third in 2013 and
was projected to rank fifth in 2018.
12. Top 15 Largest Countries in
the World for Manufacturing
Value-Added.
13. Changes in China’s Wage
Advantage
China’s huge population and relatively low wage rates gave
it a significant competitive advantage when economic
reforms and trade liberalization were first begun by the
government in the late 1970s.
From 2000 to 2012, Chinese average real wages grew at
an average annual rate of 11.8%.
China’s average monthly wages in 2000 were 30.2% the
size of Mexican wages. However in 2012, China’s average
monthly wages were 32.6% higher than those in Mexico.
China’s average wages were 92% higher than those than
Vietnam, but by 2012, they were 434% higher.
15. • 1 United States Dollar = 6.12036 Chinese Yuan
• 1 Chinese Yuan= 16.22 Japanese Yen
•1 Chinese Yuan=10.33 Indian Rupee
1 United States Dollar = 6.12036 Chinese Yuan
16. FDI in China, also known as RFDI (renminbi
foreign direct investment), has increased
considerably in the last decade.
It has reached $59.1 billion in the first six months
of 2012, making China the largest recipient of
foreign direct investment and topping the United
States which had $57.4 billion of FDI.
Foreign direct investment
(FDI) of China
18. • Foreign Direct Investment in China increased to 713.92 USD Hundred
Million in July of 2013 from 619.84 USD Hundred Million in June of
2013
19. China’s FDI outflows and
inflows
• China has become a significant source of global FDI
outflows, which rose from $2.7 billion in 2002 to
$84.2 billion in 2012
• In 2012, 44% of global FDI inflows were hosted by
only five countries. China attracted the lion’s share
by USD 253 billion (or 18% of total) followed by the
United States (USD 175 billion), Brazil (USD 65
billion), the United Kingdom (USD 63 billion) and
France (USD 62 billion).
21. Major Trading Partners
China has passed the US as the world’s biggest
trading nation as measured by the sum of exports
and imports in 2012.
China’s top 5 trading partners are :-
1. China’s top trading partner is the European Union
constituting to 14.1% share of China total imports
and exports in 2012, this amounted to 546 USD
billion in value
2. USA
3. ASEAN
4. Hong Kong
5. Japan
24. • China has increased its imports and exports
over the years due to several factors, i.e
competitiveness that led to an expansion of
their shares in the international market to
liberalize trade in China.
• The Chinese government reduced
administrative obstacles to improve its
attractiveness to the foreign investors.
• Increased import and export of goods over the
years. Its total value of import and export in
2012 reached USD 3.867 trillion and this raised
China to become the world's largest nation and
surpassed U.S. in 2012 which was $3.82 trillion.
25.
26. Import
• To liberalize trade in China, the government
continued to reduce administrative obstacles to
trade by adjusting the tariffs and exchange rates.
• The import of goods and services in % of GDP
was last reported at 26.05% in 2011
30. •Exports consists of 30% GDP
•China exports averaged 439.60 USD
hundred million from 1983 until 2013 reaching
an all time hugh of 1992.30 hundred million in
december 2012
34. PRESENT SCENERIO
15% of its total
land area-
cultivated.
Supports
20% of
world
population
• China – one of the largest producers and consumers
of agricultural products.
• Today agriculture contributes 10.1 % of CHINA’S
GDP.
• China’s development of farming over the course of
its history has played a key role in supporting the
growth of what is now the largest population in the
world.
• Although china’s agricultural output is the largest in
the world,
37. Major agriculture products
In its first fifty years, the People's Republic of China greatly increased agricultural production through organizational and technological improvements.
Rice
wheat
potatoes
sorghum
peanuts
tea
millet
barley
cotton
oilseed
pork
fish
38. INEFFICIENCES IN THE
AGRICULTURAL MARKET
LACK OF INFORMATION TO FARMERS.
FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SUPPLY OF FRESH
PRODUCTS
PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORTATION OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FROM FARMS TO
MARKET.
39. Industry and construction account for 48% in china’s
gdp.
Around 8% of total manufacturing output in the world
comes from china itself.
Among the various branches of industry, the machine
building and mettalurgical industries have received
the highest priority.
These two areas alone account for 20-30% of total
gross value of industrial output.
INDUSTRY
40. INDUSTRY
China is world’s leading manufacturer of
chemical fertilizers ,cement and steel.
China’s cotton textile industry is the
largest in the world,producing
yarn,cloth,wollen piece goods,silk,jute bag
and synthetic fibres.
42. The Banking Sector
• History of banking sector in china can be subdivided
into 2 main periods:
• 1.)MAO ERA[1949-1978]
• 2)POST MAO ERA[1978 ONWARDS]
43. The Mao Era
functions of central bank
(regulation and monetary policy)
functions of commercial bank
(control on all banking business)
44. The Post-Mao Era
In 1983 the control on banking
business has been took over
by the “Big Four”
namely
Bank of China (BOC)
Industrial & Commercial
Bank of China (ICBC)
China Construction Bank
(CCB)
Agricultural Bank of China
(ABC)
53. Introduction
The United States subprime crisis and the
consequent dramatic global slowdown hit after
Lehman Brother Fiasco hit the Chinese Economy
very badly.
This lead to growth of chinese economy fell to 6.8%
in fourth quater of 2008 from 13 % in 2007
54. channel via which the
global financial crisis
impacted on Chinese
economy : Direct Loses in American Capital market
Change in Cross-Border Capital Flow
Reduction in Growth of Export
Safety of Foreign Exchange Reserve
@
55. The total direct loss suffered by China’s four most important
banks due to moderate amount of Mortgage-backed
securities (MBS) and Collateralized debt obligation (CDO)
amounted to $ 20 billion.
In August 2008 , China was on edge when Fannnie Mae and
Freddie Mae were on brink of collapse . If these two US
mortgage company could have collapsed the China would
have suffered $400 billion in official foreign exchange
reserve but was saved by USA .
Direct Loses in American Capital market
56. Change in Cross-Border Capital Flow
Soon after the outbreak of US subprime crisis , Chinese economist began to
debate that international capital would flow in or out of China .
As it turned out , since early 2008 , capital seem to have been flowing out of
China.
For example , China FDI inflow decline to some $ 20 billion in 2008 from $50
billion in 2007
57.
58. Reduction in Growth of Export
China fast growth came to sudden halt in third quater of
2008 . In the third quater China annual GDP growth
dropped to 9% from 13% in 2007 ; the growth rate of
industrial production 8,2% about half of the previous year .
Major effect was seen in Steel output , which fell from 20%
previous year to 2.2% in 2008 .
59.
60. Beside this Government also consider possible tax reduction
, VAT , Purchasing Tax cut and raising the threshold of
individual income taxes.
Plans anncounced by Chinese
Government to Reform and
Restructure the Economy
Expansing Fiscal Policy
In November 2008 , government introduced a 4 Trillion yuan
($580 billion)stimulus package for 2009 and 2010
In 2008 China GDP was 29 Trillion Yaun .The package thus
amounted 14% of total GDP
Stimulus Package
Cut in Tax.
62. Central
Government 5
Year Plans
20%
40%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
2011 2012
2013 2014 2015 2016
How toHow to
increaseincrease
export andexport and
trade ?trade ?
How toHow to
increaseincrease
falling GDP ?falling GDP ?
6.6% GDP fall
25% increase in
Trade
GDP
Trade
How 5 Year
Plan made in
China ?
65. Major Objective of FYP’s
Research and Development
section at Coastal region.
Research and Development
section at Coastal region.
Lengthening high speed railway
and highway.
Lengthening high speed railway
and highway.
Increase in expenditure in RND to
raise GDP by 2.2%.
Increase in expenditure in RND to
raise GDP by 2.2%.
Acheiving average GDP rate 7% and ensuring
income raise fast as GDP.
Acheiving average GDP rate 7% and ensuring
income raise fast as GDP.
66. Welcoming foreign investment in agriculture ,
high technology and environment protection
Welcoming foreign investment in agriculture ,
high technology and environment protection
Promoting Energy Saving and new Energy
industry.
Promoting Energy Saving and new Energy
industry.
Consolidating inefficient sectors and
promoting the services industry.
Consolidating inefficient sectors and
promoting the services industry.
Expanding non-fossil fuel account for
11.4% energy consumption.
Expanding non-fossil fuel account for
11.4% energy consumption.
67. China rapid growth and emergence as a major
economic power has given China a leadership ,
increased confidence in its economic model .
Many economist
belive that the key
challenge for US
convince China that
Many economist
belive that the key
challenge for US
convince China that
China
should take
leadership
in trade to
improve
world
economy.
Lowering of
trade barrier
to boost the
economy .
This would
make China
at number
69. Conculsion
China is becoming a dominant force in the world economy.
China 's purchasing power is on the rise, compared to that of
the United States and other countries. China is not only
exporting more goods and services; increasingly, it is exporting
high-tech goods like computer chips.
Also, China is becoming a more consumer-oriented society.
Chinese incomes are on the rise. The Chinese people are
purchasing more cars, and there now are several Wal-Mart
stores in China. China's growth is unprecedented in the history
of economics. With children in China learning English, and
China competing with the United States for production
resources, China is no longer a poor communist country trying
to survive. China is emerging as an economic superpower,
ready to compete in the world economy.