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Child Testimony In Court
One of the most interesting parts of this chapter was the section regarding child testimony in court. It mentioned a study by Myers et. al (1999) that
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adult hearsay testimony. Jurors tend to find adult hearsay witnesses more consistent and credible than the child witnesses, most likely because adults
can give more thorough, confident responses to questions asked of them by attorneys. This makes sense to me because most people understand that a
child does not always fully comprehend their situation or understand what is being asked of them, especially in a legal setting. It can be hard to have
them relive these traumatic experiences and expect the children to provide
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Law
Contempt is generally defined as an act of disobedience to an order of a court, or an act of disrespect of a court. A client's failure to comply with a
restraining order, a visitation order or an injunction in any kind of action may result in a finding of contempt of court, no matter the intention.
The court has the power to punish neglection, violation of duty, or any other misconduct. Also a non–payment of a sum of money, ordered by the court
to be paid can lead to contempt of court. Another type of contempt is whether the contempt charged is civil or criminal in nature. The difference
between civil and criminal contempt is the remedy sought. If the purpose of the contempt order is remedial, such as to...show more content...
Assuming contempt of court is shown, it is punishable with many criminal penalties, such as imprisonment or fines. A fine is readily imposed on either
an individual person or a trade union .
Contempt of court concerning journalistic matters was dealt by the common law until 1981. Newspapers were almost always held for contempt of
court because of what they wrote. The decisions were quite strict due to the fact that they were made by judges. After the Contempt of Court Act of
1981, matters concerning contempt of court were dealt by acts of Parliament. With this act a person can be found liable for contempt of court in two
cases:
1) When a publication made by an individual had caused prejudice or impediment to particular proceedings
2) Proceedings are active.
The court can punish journalists with contempt of court in many ways. One way is for him to show a document, image, video or audio material to the
public, which might interfere with the courts' decision at a trial. Another way in which a journalist can be sentenced to contempt of court is when he
/ she publicises material and information that only the court has the right to know like the decision taken by the jury in the jury room. A journalist can
be held in contempt of court in general if he is interfering with justice.
In order to have a proper trial, judges will have to bear in mind that
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Mental Health Court Essay
A Mental Health Court represents a type of therapeutic court that sanctions the mental health population a different level of treatment and opportunities
from the "normal" population. The difference between a mental health court and a regular court is that in a mental health court, they are not as
concerned with whether somebody is not guilty or guilty of the offense, rather, they are focused on the individual. The Mental Health Court
demonstrates compassion and empathy, while still upholding the law. In fact, focus stands as therapeutic interventions as opposed to punishments. The
goal is to reconnect clients with a case manager, manage medication and treatment options, and generate stability. Going through the court process, and
possible...show more content...
Individuals with a mental illness enter a mental health court as it reduces the number of clients with mental illnesses in the criminal justice system,
reduces stigma and stereotypical judgement in court, and reduces the number of clients with mental illnesses in prisons and jails. Although the judge
does sentence the client, the client does still retain rights: The right to refuse treatments, the right to proper care and documentation, the right to be
informed of all available medical treatments, and most importantly, the right to be treated with dignity as a human being. The court demonstrated that
the client's rights were addressed by offering the client the opportunity to voice his concerns, and by acknowledging his views on his condition. Even
though the client did not think he needed help, the nurse and case manager were concerned about his hallucination, eating patterns, and lack of
stability. They did not believe that an outpatient setting would work for this client as he was not stable, did not have clear insight, and retained a lack
of resources. Barrier to care, for the mental health in general, include: lack of resource, knowledge deficits, stigma, financial barriers, and lack of
mental health care professionals. Overall, this experience offered me to opportunity to perceive how a Mental Health Court functions and differs from
the traditional court room, in relation to client goals,
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Texas Courts Essay
In 1822, Stephen F. Austin established one of the first courts in Texas and appointed a provisional justice of peace. Since Texas was a part of Mexico
at the time, the Mexican governor replaced the justice of peace with three elected officials. (Utexas) Soon after Independence, the republic of Texas
under the 1836 Constitution, established a supreme court and allowed Congress to create inferior courts. Judges in such courts were to be elected by
Congress. Counties, at the time, had County and Justice of Peace courts, whose judges were popularly elected. With the entrance of Texas into the
Union and the adoption of numerous constitutions during the period, Texas retained a similar judicial structure. The current 1876 Constitution created a
...show more content...
In addition, each precinct is required to have one to two Justice of Peace Courts, depending on the precincts population. Such courts have very little
original jurisdiction over criminal matters limited to Class C misdemeanor and some jurisdiction over civil matters, including small claims. Other
functions for Justice of Peace Courts include issuing search and arrest warrants and serving as coroner in counties that have no provision for medical
examiners. Municipal Courts were created by the State Legislature and incorporated in each of the states' cities. Larger cities have multiple Municipal
Courts, the number depending on the city's population and needs. Such courts have original jurisdiction over the enforcement of city ordinances.
Moreover, Municipal Courts have concurrent jurisdiction, along with Justice of Peace Courts, in Class C misdemeanor cases originating within city
limits. Municipal Courts have no jurisdiction over most civil matters and other functions include issuing search and arrest warrants. At the County
level, three types of courts exist, the first of them being Constitutional County Courts. The state constitution creates one Constitutional County Court in
each of the 254 Texas Counties. Constitutional County Courts have concurrent jurisdiction with Justice of Peace Courts and State District Courts in
small civil matters. Constitutional County Courts
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The Court Of A Bench Trial Essay
Our judicial system works hard every day to uphold the rule of law. Whether you are sitting in on a case, watching Court TV, watching legal based
movies, or whatever it may be, you notice that there are different parties and people involved in the whole charade. There are different jobs within our
court system that coincide with each other to keep our courts strong and orderly. These jobs include:judge, bailiff, stenographer, jury, clerk, and
prosecuting attorney. These different jobs have specific duties that help the court system thrive.Judges decide on the verdict if there is abench trial. A
bench trial is a trial by a judge as opposed to a trial by jury (Reuter, 2016). In a bench trial, the judge is an unbiased third–party advocate for justice. He
or she determines the appropriate punishment and sentence those convicted of crimes (Reuter, 2016). A judge takes on a couple of roles in a bench
trial such as, that of the referee who rules on the admissibility of evidence and decides questions of law, and that of the finder of fact which
ultimately determines how much weight to give the testimony of different witnesses and the credibility of the evidence (American Bar Association,
n.d.). Some cases must be handled by a judge in a bench trial. A federal judge who presides may be an Article III, Judge or a Magistrate Judge
(Gray,Ritter, & Graham, P.C., 2015). An Article III, Judge is a judge of the United States Supreme Court, the federal court of appeals and district
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Court Proceedings Essay
Court Proceedings Court proceedings are the most public manifestation of the criminal justice process, the arena in which justice is very literally
"seen to be done". This is especially true of the trial, generally assumed to be the stage in the process where the defendant has his or her day in court
and the opportunity to assert innocence. The trial is a vial part of the adversarial system, and as we have seen the right to trial by one's peers,
represented by the jury system, and as we have seen the right to trial by one's peers, represented by the jury system, is seen as a fundamental protection
for the...show more content...
In the Crown court, the body charged with determining guilt or not is the jury. Defended by some as the bastion of democracy, castigated by others
as unwieldy anachronism that allows miscarriages of justice to take place, the jury has been part of the criminal justice system in one form or
another since the twelfth century. Juries are currently composed of 12 men and women drawn from the register of electors for the area in which the
trial is to take place. The qualification for jury service is now laid down in the Juries Act 1974. To be eligible for jury service a person must be:
– between 18 and 70
– ordinarily resident in the UK for at least 5 years since the age of 13
– not ineligible
– not disqualified
Members of the judiciary and legal profession, the
clergy and the mentally disordered are ineligible. Disqualified categories of persons include anyone who has received a custodial sentence of more
than 5 years or a life sentence, those who have been sentenced to probation within the last 5 years, or to community service or imprisonment within
the last 10 years. Added to this list of those debarred from jury service under the Criminal Justice And Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA 1994) are
those on police or court bail. Other categories have the right to be excused jury service if they so wish, including the medical profession,
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Essay about Court Experience
Court Experience
I went to the court session on Wednesday afternoon at 2:00 and stayed until around 4:35. They did not start court though until a little after 2.
Before court started everyone was talking to each other and having a good time.
There was only one other person in the courtroom besides myself watching the trial and that person was also from this class.
When court resumed the lawyers were trying to agree to certain things concerning the trial before the jury came back in. Since I had not seen the
beginning of this trial, I had no idea who was suing whom or what was going on.
Finally after they had got those things ironed out and a map set up, the jury was finally...show more content...
He got his point across and actually kept members of the jury awake. While he was giving his closing arguments, the two attorneys for Guge and Guge
himself were whispering between one another.
After McKinney finished his closing arguments, which was about 30 minutes or so,
Guge's attorney had his last say so. I believe that man talked to hear his ownself! After the closing arguments, the judge asked the jury if they wanted a
break. They indicted that they wanted one so the judge called for a break.
During the break, one of the jurors asked to be removed from the jury. She said that she was sick. The judge conferred with the attorneys and they let
her go home. The first alternate took her place. He also released the second alternate juror to go home since she was not needed. Then when they came
back in the judge gave them instructions concerning the deciding on the case. The judge seemed bored during this process as well. Finally the judge
sent the jury to the room to deliberate. When I left the jury was still deliberating.
The judge's name was Johnston and the bailiff was Collins. Collins told us that Johnston was the judge from Charlotte that was on that big murder
case where a man had killed all those women. As I was leaving the courtroom, the lawyers for Guge stopped me. Talked to me for a few minutes and
then asked me what I would do if I was on the jury. Just from the closing arguments, I
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Essay On The Supreme Court
In the society of the United States, most of our rules, albeit laws or moral beliefs, come from decisions made in the Supreme Court and what exactly
they refer to. The direction of momentum in the workforce, schooling, and even the white house have been vastly adjusted by the verdicts that come
out of the Court. These directional modifications have been ratified and lead the people to challenge the current views of society and lead to more
and more changes that are right and just for the system in order to prevent further wrongdoing in the nation. Most verdicts that are reversed and
changed in many ways in the Supreme Court involve one's personal rights being taken away from them or in some cases, how a person tries to abuse
their rights...show more content...
The impact on society stands as being vastly influential, shifting the people to either side, and bringing out the true colors of our 'strong belief
system.' These many changes that have come from the Supreme Court are what the people base their decisions on as well, for example, if Nixon
was allowed to exert his 'executive privilege' wrongfully, the world could be incredibly different than it is today, with power being abused all around
the world and limits on power would have been terminated by any substantial means. The truth of the matter is that without challenging a wrong
decision, the world would not be making leaps and bounds in progression, as society would only challenge the views of each other and believe that
decisions are final, and that they should be followed like laws themselves more than the actual law would have permitted otherwise. The Supreme
Court is what guides our people, and without it the nation would be a cluster of misguided and convoluted views only leading each other in circles
without any real interventions that have been made to right wrongs in the Supreme
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Essay On Traffic Court
It may be very upsetting to get a traffic solution, especially if it's never happened for you before. Some people don't take getting the traffic citation
or even ticket seriously when for his or her own good they should. Getting a traffic ticket isn't always a easy or small issue. Going ahead as well as
paying the ticket doesn't bring an end into it. The Department of Cars (DMV) sees fit to put points on your license for practically just about all traffic
infractions, end up being they small, moderate or large. This really is where a traffic attorney could be of help for you.
But it doesn't end there. If two or even three summons discover their way on your record then the actual points can add until where you might lose
your permit. There are...show more content...
Traffic court is just like any other kind of proceeding that happens in a courtroom. For many people the idea of going to courtroom alone is scary and
intimidating. When you attend court and are represented with a traffic attorney you'll increase the chance that you'll walk out from the court room
successful. A lawyer who's familiar with all the rules of the actual court will keep your case is presented in a manner that is intelligent, reasonable and
persuasive.
It is strongly recommended that you don't go it on it's own in traffic court but that you simply hire a attorney to represent your own interests. The
attorney is actually skilled and experienced in this region whereas the average person will probably know very little by what will take place within the
court room.
If the court feels you have broken the law then your traffic ticket you're issued will set you back a great deal of money beyond simply paying the
solution. There are court expenses to cover as well as fines to consider. As previously pointed out, your auto insurance costs could go up as well as your
driving privileges might be suspended for a short period of time or for any lengthier span of your time. While it is perfectly in your rights to represent
yourself inside a court of regulation, you are strongly advised to employ a traffic
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Descriptive Essay About Basketball Court
Most of us have a place where we can go and be free and be ourselves with no implications. It is a place where we can just forget about the problems
of life, the problems of the world, and just feel true tranquility, pure freedom. I have a place like this, it is the basketball court. Just the sight of the
basketball court evokes countless emotions and feelings for me. There is not another place in the world where I feel as free and excited as I do on
the basketball court. When I step onto the court it is impossible for me to conjure a negative feeling within myself, I enter an endless state of euphoria
and self–confidence.
I feel the second I step onto the hardwood I immediately am filled with a sense of never ending joy, as if it was my first time setting foot in the
gym and picking up a basketball, holding it in my hands as if I had the world placed in my palms. I feel as if I am in complete control, like a
maestro conducting his symphony and everything I do is nothing but sweet music with the perfect melody and flow. I have that thought I can do no
wrong, because every move I make, every decision I make, every shot I take is the right thing to do. When I lace up my shoes and step between the
lines something great, something astonishing is released within me. Nothing can stop me. Not the referees, not the opposing fans and certainly not the
opposing players. Why? Because I am in my territory, my sanctuary. The game and the court, they are my canvas, and I am Picasso, the
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The Decision Of The Court Essay
Dear. Ms Stewart, it is in the best interest of the country, and the Constitution that I urge you to not allow for a set of specific guidelines to be put in
place to tell the Justices of the Court, how to interpret the Constitution. With the decision of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 the Court established its
power of Judicial review(Judicial Learning Center, Web insert hyperlink), and it is up to the Justices to decide when and how the Constitution will be
interpreted. This memo will address the following issues with creating guidelines for Justices in the Supreme Court The first problem with the idea of
the set of guidelines on how to interpret the constitution is the fact that it undermines the relationship between the Constitution and the Court. Chief
Justice Hughes once said the job of the court is to maintain "a "living Constitution" whose broad provisions are continually applied to complicated new
situations"(U.S Supreme Court Hughes). This means that the Court uses the Constitution as a way to interpret new laws, and cases that are appealed
all the way up to the court. Nevertheless, it must be noted that Chief Justice states that the Court must maintain a "living Constitution". This word
choice is intentional and deliberate. Unlike a typical Constitution that only has the merit of what is explicitly stated on the document, a living
constitution is a document changes over time, and adapts to new circumstances, without being formally amended(Strauss, 2010, Web).
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The Court System Of England And Wales
The court system in England and Wales means a thousand years of history and development throughout different political and social climates. This
essay will provide a brief history of this evolution and evaluation of some advantages and disadvantages of a modern jury system.
According to The Open University (2014, section 10.1), under Anglo–Saxon domination all disputes were resolved in local courts called 'moots'. These
courts later developed and became Magistrates' Courts, still keeping their local function. Majority of all criminal cases are heard there, however the
courts can only decide on 'summary' or 'triable either way' offences, referring the most serious files to the Crown Court.
Crown courts, which superseded the courts of assize and quarter sessions, were established under the Courts Act 1971 to improve efficiency of the
existing criminal justice system. The latter were local courts of the Queen 's Bench Division, which served a number of circuits by assembling juries
and hearing cases not serious enough to go before a High Court judge.
The Norman Conquest made significant changes to the English law by establishing the 'Curia Regis', the court which was ruled by the king and his
appointed judges. Some key institutions of Parliament, such as the common law courts including King's (Queen's) Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer,
and the Court of Chancery evolved from the 'Curia Regis'. The law became to be more centralised through a unified court system to a national
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Court Experience Essay
Activities since Last Report Since the last report I have continued to experience a lot more cases and different types of courts. The different courts
range from drug court, veterans court, mental health court, recovery court, and so forth. Recently I experienced my first veteran's court, which I
saw two very familiar faces. I actually got to see Denise who works at the VA and Carl who is a probation officer for the veterans. They came and
gave a presentation when I had your Interpersonal Relations class fall semester. They are very well respected and take their job very seriously. One
of the veterans were graduating from the program offered to veterans when they commit a crime. The court was decorated with a lot of American
flags to show support of the veterans who have fought for our country. Drug court was the next court I got to experience, which was very eye opening
for me. The drug program which is a 12–24 month program that consist of 4 phases of supervision, which can be done sooner if it is taken seriously.
The program is only offered if the offender is charged with a non–mandatory drug offense or first offense DUI with no prior record. I watched three
people graduate and more than I could count...show more content...
The skills include listening skills, writing skills, comprehension skills, reading skills, communication skills, organization skills, etc. These are the
most important skills that are constantly used on the daily basis. Listening skills are used to make sure you don't miss any important details when
conducting an interview and in court. I used this skill when I had to listen to the phone messages from a prison inmate to people on the outside. The
agency uses efforts to make sure my listening skills are prepared by asking if I have any questions when we either finish up for the day or after an
interview or court
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The Power Of The Supreme Court
The supreme court plays a specific role in the United States government. Then Supreme Court has the power to check the actions of the president and
the congress. Overall, what the Supreme court does is to make sure no laws violate the constitution and makes sure the president's actions are allowed
by the constitution. The power of that law which is to view the executive and legislative actions is called judicial review. It is not all–power, just like
the rest of the branches, it has limited power and each branch checks up on each other to make sure one doesn't have too much power on the others.
One of the laws that the Supreme Court decided to change was the issue with abortion. Roe v. Wadereached the Supreme Court on appeal in 1970 and
remained the Supreme Court's most recognized decision regarding the right of privacy through the Fourteenth Amendment, and mostly argued whether
it was human murder or simply protecting personal liberty and privacy.
In Roe v. Wade, the court looked at a Texas law that did not permit abortion
...show more content...
However, the majority refused to accept this theory and that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment was an 'appropriate source' of this case
but the court determined it was also "broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy." (Blackmun) They
stated that, and with all respect to the law of Texas, that their belief of life is too general and debatable and therefore not convincing enough to
outweigh the woman's freedom. The court saw that the states had interests in protecting a woman's health and potential for life so they decided to even
out these concerns by making abortion legal in the early months of pregnancy but not so legal in the later months of
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District Court Essay
This week our class had the opportunity to visit the Warren County Justice Center. Through this visit, I was able to learn about the varying jurisdiction,
media access and technology, and security of the courts in Bowling Green, specifically the Warren County Justice Center and the US District Court in
Bowling Green. Jurisdiction simply refers to the authority of a court to hear a case. The two main jurisdictional barriers are the geographic location
and the issue at hand. For instance, if a misdemeanor such as petty theft occurred in a Tennessee county, it would likely not be heard by a Kentucky
district court because the geographical jurisdiction of Tennessee district courts does not include Kentucky. On the other hand, if the same...show more
content...
Thus, the media must be aware of these rules in order to remain in good standing with the courts and enable themselves to continue covering the
proceedings held there. Both facilities have been influential in the technology of other courts across the country. For instance, the Warren County
Justice Center was one of the first courtrooms to get a media room. This room was specially designed to assist the media in covering the legal
process. The shape and colors of the walls was specially designed for press conferences and interviews. There is a long wall for press conferences
and a concave wall for one on one interviews. Furthermore, both of these walls were painted a deep blue because it is a very aesthetically pleasing
color for video coverage. Moreover, the other walls in the room are painted white to aid in balancing the light. Yet, the room was not just designed for
video interviews, it was also specially designed to assist in gathering audio clips. The room is connected to the cameras and microphones of each
courtroom to allow the media to see and hear the proceedings. However, if the media wants to get a better quality quote, they can bring an interviewee
into the media room in order to get them away from the commotion unfolding in the courtroom and to then get a clearer quote in the soundproofed
room. Many other media rooms throughout the country were then designed off the model set by the Warren County Justice Center. The US
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The Supreme Court Essay example
The Supreme Court At the apex of our federal court system stands the United States Supreme Court. It stands as the ultimate authority in constitutional
interpretation and its decision can be changed only by a constitutional amendment. Two documents are responsible for its creation which is the
Constitution, which explicitly creates the Supreme Court, and the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789. The Supreme Court is the only court named in
the constitution laying out the Courts basic jurisdiction, identifying the mode of selection and tenure for justices. Under Article III, Section 1 of the
Constitution provides that "[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the...show
more content...
13). The first Supreme Court in 1789 consisted of five justices. Congress added a sixth seat in 1790 and a seventh in 1807 to ease the strain on
justices as the number of circuit courts increased. Congress added the eighth and ninth seats in 1837. Membership stayed at nine until 1863, when
Congress added a tenth seat, only to abolish it when a justice died in 1865. In 1867, Congress reduced the seats to seven to limit the opportunity of
President Jackson to appoint new members. Congress restored the number of seats to nine in 1869, and in 1891 abolished the Supreme Court justices'
circuit–riding burden. The number of justices has remained fixed at nine, for over 100 years, making tie votes unlikely unless circumstances prevent a
justice from participating in deliberations. There is currently one Chief Justice and eight associate justices in the Supreme Court although Congress
does have the authority to change the number of justices sitting on the Supreme Court (Van Dervort, 2000, p. 69). Qualifications to become a justice
although not spelled out immediately became obvious. From the beginning, justices have all been lawyers and most have pursued legal and political
careers prior to serving the Court. The attainment of a high position in government or the legal profession is also beneficial as they lend credibility for
the consideration. Some justices however chose a different path that began with private practice followed by at some point by elevation to
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Essay on International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a relatively new organization; only just a decade old and it has seen a great deal of hardships and success.
Since the creation of ICC it has seen a vast deal of criticisms that "[range] from concerns about racism and neocolonialism" and so forth. Not only has it
encountered criticisms, but as well, people have questioned the usefulness of this organization? In truth, is it necessary to question the value, based on
what little it has accomplished and in addition to, the amount of wealth it needs to stay buoyant? Concerning all of that, the ICC is nothing humanity
has seen before; it has been described as "the most ambitious initiative in the history of modern international law." The ICC was...show more content...
This resulted in a forty–year war, also known to be called the Cold War.
With the conclusion of the conflict between United States and the Soviet Union, this brought a new morality; it brought the philosophy of "a new era of
international criminal justice." Thus, discussions' regarding the idea of an international criminal court remerged, however, during this time of ICC
statue was in its youth. Additional problems arose, particularly with what had occurred in Rwanda and as well the former state Yugoslavia; because of
the rise in the growth of technology during that era, mankind were able to witness through their television screens the atrocities occurring in these
parts of the world. Everyday people became aware of the "heinous crimes in the territory of the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda." TheUnited Nations
response to said violence was an establishment of an "ad hoc tribunal." The first officially conference regarding the International Criminal Court
formation, was headed in Rome in 1998. At some point in the convention assemblies of states: Canada and Norway for example, were significant in call
for the formation of an international judicial system. However, the idea of an international judicial system was complex and a very sensitive matter.
Nevertheless, with conclusion of the conference, no verdict had been given regarding the necessary requirements for international legal statue.
Therefore, in the end "Bureau of
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Essay On The Federal Court System
The Federal Court System is one of the most essential and significant functions to help settle a matter. Much work is involved in the application of a
body of rules and principals of rulings. The path the Federal Courts have to take in order to be heard by the Supreme Court is a lengthy process.
Given millions of disputes every year, it becomes impossible for the Federal Courts to be heard by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has
jurisdictions that limit the variety of cases that are clearly defined in the Constitution. The Supreme Court has developed specific rules that within the
jurisdictions will and will not hear. The Federal Court must show they have extreme and substantial evidence in the outcome of the case. In mootness,
the Federal...show more content...
The writ of certiorari is an order to a lower court to deliver the records of a particular case to be reviewed for legal errors. The support of four
justices is needed for certiorari and few cases ever satisfy this requirement. The Supreme Court's decision to accept a case is a very lengthy and
complex process. A brief is used to explain why the Courts should rule in favor of their client. This brief contains facts about the case and presents
evidence to the Supreme Court to affirm the lower court's verdict. The next stage involved in a case is an oral argument, in which each attorney
presents their positions and answers the justice questions. It is very important to the outcome of a case and allows the justices to better understand the
heart of the case. Following the oral argument, the courts discuss the case through conferences. In the book, it says "the Court discusses the cases on
Wednesday or Fridays" (263). After a decision has been reached, the majority is assigned to a write opinion. The assignment of the opinion can really
make a huge impact on the interpretation of a
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Judicial Review : The Supreme Court Essay
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all cases in the United States of America. Although
it was provided for only briefly in the Constitution, it is an instrumental part of our democracy. The Supreme Court's largest responsibility rests in its
power of judicial review. The Supreme Court has the final say in all legal matters concerning the Constitution. The Supreme Court has the authority "to
invalidate legislation or executive actions which, in the Court 's considered judgment, conflict with the Constitution" (The Court and Constitutional
Interpretation n.p.). This means that anything passed by Congress, or mandated by the President can be struck down if the Court deems it
unconstitutional. The Court can also strike down laws made by local and state governments if they violate the Constitution ("The Role of the Supreme
Court" n.p.). Judicial review has been important in making sure that a citizen's individual rights, stated in the Bill of Rights, are protected. There is no
express consent written in the Constitution to grant the Court the power of judicial review. The idea of it, however, was around before the Constitution
was written. Before the formal establishment of the Court in 1789, state courts had exercised it by overturning several laws passed by their legislatures
that conflicted with their state constitutions (The Court and Constitutional Interpretation n.p.). It was not until the 1803 Supreme
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Child Testimony In Court

  • 1. Child Testimony In Court One of the most interesting parts of this chapter was the section regarding child testimony in court. It mentioned a study by Myers et. al (1999) that п»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їп»їquestioned п»ї248 jurors regarding child testimony and adult hearsay testimony. Jurors tend to find adult hearsay witnesses more consistent and credible than the child witnesses, most likely because adults can give more thorough, confident responses to questions asked of them by attorneys. This makes sense to me because most people understand that a child does not always fully comprehend their situation or understand what is being asked of them, especially in a legal setting. It can be hard to have them relive these traumatic experiences and expect the children to provide Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Law Contempt is generally defined as an act of disobedience to an order of a court, or an act of disrespect of a court. A client's failure to comply with a restraining order, a visitation order or an injunction in any kind of action may result in a finding of contempt of court, no matter the intention. The court has the power to punish neglection, violation of duty, or any other misconduct. Also a non–payment of a sum of money, ordered by the court to be paid can lead to contempt of court. Another type of contempt is whether the contempt charged is civil or criminal in nature. The difference between civil and criminal contempt is the remedy sought. If the purpose of the contempt order is remedial, such as to...show more content... Assuming contempt of court is shown, it is punishable with many criminal penalties, such as imprisonment or fines. A fine is readily imposed on either an individual person or a trade union . Contempt of court concerning journalistic matters was dealt by the common law until 1981. Newspapers were almost always held for contempt of court because of what they wrote. The decisions were quite strict due to the fact that they were made by judges. After the Contempt of Court Act of 1981, matters concerning contempt of court were dealt by acts of Parliament. With this act a person can be found liable for contempt of court in two cases: 1) When a publication made by an individual had caused prejudice or impediment to particular proceedings 2) Proceedings are active. The court can punish journalists with contempt of court in many ways. One way is for him to show a document, image, video or audio material to the public, which might interfere with the courts' decision at a trial. Another way in which a journalist can be sentenced to contempt of court is when he / she publicises material and information that only the court has the right to know like the decision taken by the jury in the jury room. A journalist can be held in contempt of court in general if he is interfering with justice. In order to have a proper trial, judges will have to bear in mind that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Mental Health Court Essay A Mental Health Court represents a type of therapeutic court that sanctions the mental health population a different level of treatment and opportunities from the "normal" population. The difference between a mental health court and a regular court is that in a mental health court, they are not as concerned with whether somebody is not guilty or guilty of the offense, rather, they are focused on the individual. The Mental Health Court demonstrates compassion and empathy, while still upholding the law. In fact, focus stands as therapeutic interventions as opposed to punishments. The goal is to reconnect clients with a case manager, manage medication and treatment options, and generate stability. Going through the court process, and possible...show more content... Individuals with a mental illness enter a mental health court as it reduces the number of clients with mental illnesses in the criminal justice system, reduces stigma and stereotypical judgement in court, and reduces the number of clients with mental illnesses in prisons and jails. Although the judge does sentence the client, the client does still retain rights: The right to refuse treatments, the right to proper care and documentation, the right to be informed of all available medical treatments, and most importantly, the right to be treated with dignity as a human being. The court demonstrated that the client's rights were addressed by offering the client the opportunity to voice his concerns, and by acknowledging his views on his condition. Even though the client did not think he needed help, the nurse and case manager were concerned about his hallucination, eating patterns, and lack of stability. They did not believe that an outpatient setting would work for this client as he was not stable, did not have clear insight, and retained a lack of resources. Barrier to care, for the mental health in general, include: lack of resource, knowledge deficits, stigma, financial barriers, and lack of mental health care professionals. Overall, this experience offered me to opportunity to perceive how a Mental Health Court functions and differs from the traditional court room, in relation to client goals, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Texas Courts Essay In 1822, Stephen F. Austin established one of the first courts in Texas and appointed a provisional justice of peace. Since Texas was a part of Mexico at the time, the Mexican governor replaced the justice of peace with three elected officials. (Utexas) Soon after Independence, the republic of Texas under the 1836 Constitution, established a supreme court and allowed Congress to create inferior courts. Judges in such courts were to be elected by Congress. Counties, at the time, had County and Justice of Peace courts, whose judges were popularly elected. With the entrance of Texas into the Union and the adoption of numerous constitutions during the period, Texas retained a similar judicial structure. The current 1876 Constitution created a ...show more content... In addition, each precinct is required to have one to two Justice of Peace Courts, depending on the precincts population. Such courts have very little original jurisdiction over criminal matters limited to Class C misdemeanor and some jurisdiction over civil matters, including small claims. Other functions for Justice of Peace Courts include issuing search and arrest warrants and serving as coroner in counties that have no provision for medical examiners. Municipal Courts were created by the State Legislature and incorporated in each of the states' cities. Larger cities have multiple Municipal Courts, the number depending on the city's population and needs. Such courts have original jurisdiction over the enforcement of city ordinances. Moreover, Municipal Courts have concurrent jurisdiction, along with Justice of Peace Courts, in Class C misdemeanor cases originating within city limits. Municipal Courts have no jurisdiction over most civil matters and other functions include issuing search and arrest warrants. At the County level, three types of courts exist, the first of them being Constitutional County Courts. The state constitution creates one Constitutional County Court in each of the 254 Texas Counties. Constitutional County Courts have concurrent jurisdiction with Justice of Peace Courts and State District Courts in small civil matters. Constitutional County Courts Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. The Court Of A Bench Trial Essay Our judicial system works hard every day to uphold the rule of law. Whether you are sitting in on a case, watching Court TV, watching legal based movies, or whatever it may be, you notice that there are different parties and people involved in the whole charade. There are different jobs within our court system that coincide with each other to keep our courts strong and orderly. These jobs include:judge, bailiff, stenographer, jury, clerk, and prosecuting attorney. These different jobs have specific duties that help the court system thrive.Judges decide on the verdict if there is abench trial. A bench trial is a trial by a judge as opposed to a trial by jury (Reuter, 2016). In a bench trial, the judge is an unbiased third–party advocate for justice. He or she determines the appropriate punishment and sentence those convicted of crimes (Reuter, 2016). A judge takes on a couple of roles in a bench trial such as, that of the referee who rules on the admissibility of evidence and decides questions of law, and that of the finder of fact which ultimately determines how much weight to give the testimony of different witnesses and the credibility of the evidence (American Bar Association, n.d.). Some cases must be handled by a judge in a bench trial. A federal judge who presides may be an Article III, Judge or a Magistrate Judge (Gray,Ritter, & Graham, P.C., 2015). An Article III, Judge is a judge of the United States Supreme Court, the federal court of appeals and district Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Court Proceedings Essay Court Proceedings Court proceedings are the most public manifestation of the criminal justice process, the arena in which justice is very literally "seen to be done". This is especially true of the trial, generally assumed to be the stage in the process where the defendant has his or her day in court and the opportunity to assert innocence. The trial is a vial part of the adversarial system, and as we have seen the right to trial by one's peers, represented by the jury system, and as we have seen the right to trial by one's peers, represented by the jury system, is seen as a fundamental protection for the...show more content... In the Crown court, the body charged with determining guilt or not is the jury. Defended by some as the bastion of democracy, castigated by others as unwieldy anachronism that allows miscarriages of justice to take place, the jury has been part of the criminal justice system in one form or another since the twelfth century. Juries are currently composed of 12 men and women drawn from the register of electors for the area in which the trial is to take place. The qualification for jury service is now laid down in the Juries Act 1974. To be eligible for jury service a person must be: – between 18 and 70 – ordinarily resident in the UK for at least 5 years since the age of 13 – not ineligible – not disqualified Members of the judiciary and legal profession, the clergy and the mentally disordered are ineligible. Disqualified categories of persons include anyone who has received a custodial sentence of more than 5 years or a life sentence, those who have been sentenced to probation within the last 5 years, or to community service or imprisonment within the last 10 years. Added to this list of those debarred from jury service under the Criminal Justice And Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA 1994) are those on police or court bail. Other categories have the right to be excused jury service if they so wish, including the medical profession,
  • 7. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Essay about Court Experience Court Experience I went to the court session on Wednesday afternoon at 2:00 and stayed until around 4:35. They did not start court though until a little after 2. Before court started everyone was talking to each other and having a good time. There was only one other person in the courtroom besides myself watching the trial and that person was also from this class. When court resumed the lawyers were trying to agree to certain things concerning the trial before the jury came back in. Since I had not seen the beginning of this trial, I had no idea who was suing whom or what was going on. Finally after they had got those things ironed out and a map set up, the jury was finally...show more content... He got his point across and actually kept members of the jury awake. While he was giving his closing arguments, the two attorneys for Guge and Guge himself were whispering between one another. After McKinney finished his closing arguments, which was about 30 minutes or so, Guge's attorney had his last say so. I believe that man talked to hear his ownself! After the closing arguments, the judge asked the jury if they wanted a break. They indicted that they wanted one so the judge called for a break. During the break, one of the jurors asked to be removed from the jury. She said that she was sick. The judge conferred with the attorneys and they let her go home. The first alternate took her place. He also released the second alternate juror to go home since she was not needed. Then when they came back in the judge gave them instructions concerning the deciding on the case. The judge seemed bored during this process as well. Finally the judge sent the jury to the room to deliberate. When I left the jury was still deliberating. The judge's name was Johnston and the bailiff was Collins. Collins told us that Johnston was the judge from Charlotte that was on that big murder case where a man had killed all those women. As I was leaving the courtroom, the lawyers for Guge stopped me. Talked to me for a few minutes and then asked me what I would do if I was on the jury. Just from the closing arguments, I Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Essay On The Supreme Court In the society of the United States, most of our rules, albeit laws or moral beliefs, come from decisions made in the Supreme Court and what exactly they refer to. The direction of momentum in the workforce, schooling, and even the white house have been vastly adjusted by the verdicts that come out of the Court. These directional modifications have been ratified and lead the people to challenge the current views of society and lead to more and more changes that are right and just for the system in order to prevent further wrongdoing in the nation. Most verdicts that are reversed and changed in many ways in the Supreme Court involve one's personal rights being taken away from them or in some cases, how a person tries to abuse their rights...show more content... The impact on society stands as being vastly influential, shifting the people to either side, and bringing out the true colors of our 'strong belief system.' These many changes that have come from the Supreme Court are what the people base their decisions on as well, for example, if Nixon was allowed to exert his 'executive privilege' wrongfully, the world could be incredibly different than it is today, with power being abused all around the world and limits on power would have been terminated by any substantial means. The truth of the matter is that without challenging a wrong decision, the world would not be making leaps and bounds in progression, as society would only challenge the views of each other and believe that decisions are final, and that they should be followed like laws themselves more than the actual law would have permitted otherwise. The Supreme Court is what guides our people, and without it the nation would be a cluster of misguided and convoluted views only leading each other in circles without any real interventions that have been made to right wrongs in the Supreme Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Essay On Traffic Court It may be very upsetting to get a traffic solution, especially if it's never happened for you before. Some people don't take getting the traffic citation or even ticket seriously when for his or her own good they should. Getting a traffic ticket isn't always a easy or small issue. Going ahead as well as paying the ticket doesn't bring an end into it. The Department of Cars (DMV) sees fit to put points on your license for practically just about all traffic infractions, end up being they small, moderate or large. This really is where a traffic attorney could be of help for you. But it doesn't end there. If two or even three summons discover their way on your record then the actual points can add until where you might lose your permit. There are...show more content... Traffic court is just like any other kind of proceeding that happens in a courtroom. For many people the idea of going to courtroom alone is scary and intimidating. When you attend court and are represented with a traffic attorney you'll increase the chance that you'll walk out from the court room successful. A lawyer who's familiar with all the rules of the actual court will keep your case is presented in a manner that is intelligent, reasonable and persuasive. It is strongly recommended that you don't go it on it's own in traffic court but that you simply hire a attorney to represent your own interests. The attorney is actually skilled and experienced in this region whereas the average person will probably know very little by what will take place within the court room. If the court feels you have broken the law then your traffic ticket you're issued will set you back a great deal of money beyond simply paying the solution. There are court expenses to cover as well as fines to consider. As previously pointed out, your auto insurance costs could go up as well as your driving privileges might be suspended for a short period of time or for any lengthier span of your time. While it is perfectly in your rights to represent yourself inside a court of regulation, you are strongly advised to employ a traffic Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Descriptive Essay About Basketball Court Most of us have a place where we can go and be free and be ourselves with no implications. It is a place where we can just forget about the problems of life, the problems of the world, and just feel true tranquility, pure freedom. I have a place like this, it is the basketball court. Just the sight of the basketball court evokes countless emotions and feelings for me. There is not another place in the world where I feel as free and excited as I do on the basketball court. When I step onto the court it is impossible for me to conjure a negative feeling within myself, I enter an endless state of euphoria and self–confidence. I feel the second I step onto the hardwood I immediately am filled with a sense of never ending joy, as if it was my first time setting foot in the gym and picking up a basketball, holding it in my hands as if I had the world placed in my palms. I feel as if I am in complete control, like a maestro conducting his symphony and everything I do is nothing but sweet music with the perfect melody and flow. I have that thought I can do no wrong, because every move I make, every decision I make, every shot I take is the right thing to do. When I lace up my shoes and step between the lines something great, something astonishing is released within me. Nothing can stop me. Not the referees, not the opposing fans and certainly not the opposing players. Why? Because I am in my territory, my sanctuary. The game and the court, they are my canvas, and I am Picasso, the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. The Decision Of The Court Essay Dear. Ms Stewart, it is in the best interest of the country, and the Constitution that I urge you to not allow for a set of specific guidelines to be put in place to tell the Justices of the Court, how to interpret the Constitution. With the decision of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 the Court established its power of Judicial review(Judicial Learning Center, Web insert hyperlink), and it is up to the Justices to decide when and how the Constitution will be interpreted. This memo will address the following issues with creating guidelines for Justices in the Supreme Court The first problem with the idea of the set of guidelines on how to interpret the constitution is the fact that it undermines the relationship between the Constitution and the Court. Chief Justice Hughes once said the job of the court is to maintain "a "living Constitution" whose broad provisions are continually applied to complicated new situations"(U.S Supreme Court Hughes). This means that the Court uses the Constitution as a way to interpret new laws, and cases that are appealed all the way up to the court. Nevertheless, it must be noted that Chief Justice states that the Court must maintain a "living Constitution". This word choice is intentional and deliberate. Unlike a typical Constitution that only has the merit of what is explicitly stated on the document, a living constitution is a document changes over time, and adapts to new circumstances, without being formally amended(Strauss, 2010, Web). Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. The Court System Of England And Wales The court system in England and Wales means a thousand years of history and development throughout different political and social climates. This essay will provide a brief history of this evolution and evaluation of some advantages and disadvantages of a modern jury system. According to The Open University (2014, section 10.1), under Anglo–Saxon domination all disputes were resolved in local courts called 'moots'. These courts later developed and became Magistrates' Courts, still keeping their local function. Majority of all criminal cases are heard there, however the courts can only decide on 'summary' or 'triable either way' offences, referring the most serious files to the Crown Court. Crown courts, which superseded the courts of assize and quarter sessions, were established under the Courts Act 1971 to improve efficiency of the existing criminal justice system. The latter were local courts of the Queen 's Bench Division, which served a number of circuits by assembling juries and hearing cases not serious enough to go before a High Court judge. The Norman Conquest made significant changes to the English law by establishing the 'Curia Regis', the court which was ruled by the king and his appointed judges. Some key institutions of Parliament, such as the common law courts including King's (Queen's) Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer, and the Court of Chancery evolved from the 'Curia Regis'. The law became to be more centralised through a unified court system to a national Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Court Experience Essay Activities since Last Report Since the last report I have continued to experience a lot more cases and different types of courts. The different courts range from drug court, veterans court, mental health court, recovery court, and so forth. Recently I experienced my first veteran's court, which I saw two very familiar faces. I actually got to see Denise who works at the VA and Carl who is a probation officer for the veterans. They came and gave a presentation when I had your Interpersonal Relations class fall semester. They are very well respected and take their job very seriously. One of the veterans were graduating from the program offered to veterans when they commit a crime. The court was decorated with a lot of American flags to show support of the veterans who have fought for our country. Drug court was the next court I got to experience, which was very eye opening for me. The drug program which is a 12–24 month program that consist of 4 phases of supervision, which can be done sooner if it is taken seriously. The program is only offered if the offender is charged with a non–mandatory drug offense or first offense DUI with no prior record. I watched three people graduate and more than I could count...show more content... The skills include listening skills, writing skills, comprehension skills, reading skills, communication skills, organization skills, etc. These are the most important skills that are constantly used on the daily basis. Listening skills are used to make sure you don't miss any important details when conducting an interview and in court. I used this skill when I had to listen to the phone messages from a prison inmate to people on the outside. The agency uses efforts to make sure my listening skills are prepared by asking if I have any questions when we either finish up for the day or after an interview or court Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. The Power Of The Supreme Court The supreme court plays a specific role in the United States government. Then Supreme Court has the power to check the actions of the president and the congress. Overall, what the Supreme court does is to make sure no laws violate the constitution and makes sure the president's actions are allowed by the constitution. The power of that law which is to view the executive and legislative actions is called judicial review. It is not all–power, just like the rest of the branches, it has limited power and each branch checks up on each other to make sure one doesn't have too much power on the others. One of the laws that the Supreme Court decided to change was the issue with abortion. Roe v. Wadereached the Supreme Court on appeal in 1970 and remained the Supreme Court's most recognized decision regarding the right of privacy through the Fourteenth Amendment, and mostly argued whether it was human murder or simply protecting personal liberty and privacy. In Roe v. Wade, the court looked at a Texas law that did not permit abortion ...show more content... However, the majority refused to accept this theory and that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment was an 'appropriate source' of this case but the court determined it was also "broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy." (Blackmun) They stated that, and with all respect to the law of Texas, that their belief of life is too general and debatable and therefore not convincing enough to outweigh the woman's freedom. The court saw that the states had interests in protecting a woman's health and potential for life so they decided to even out these concerns by making abortion legal in the early months of pregnancy but not so legal in the later months of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. District Court Essay This week our class had the opportunity to visit the Warren County Justice Center. Through this visit, I was able to learn about the varying jurisdiction, media access and technology, and security of the courts in Bowling Green, specifically the Warren County Justice Center and the US District Court in Bowling Green. Jurisdiction simply refers to the authority of a court to hear a case. The two main jurisdictional barriers are the geographic location and the issue at hand. For instance, if a misdemeanor such as petty theft occurred in a Tennessee county, it would likely not be heard by a Kentucky district court because the geographical jurisdiction of Tennessee district courts does not include Kentucky. On the other hand, if the same...show more content... Thus, the media must be aware of these rules in order to remain in good standing with the courts and enable themselves to continue covering the proceedings held there. Both facilities have been influential in the technology of other courts across the country. For instance, the Warren County Justice Center was one of the first courtrooms to get a media room. This room was specially designed to assist the media in covering the legal process. The shape and colors of the walls was specially designed for press conferences and interviews. There is a long wall for press conferences and a concave wall for one on one interviews. Furthermore, both of these walls were painted a deep blue because it is a very aesthetically pleasing color for video coverage. Moreover, the other walls in the room are painted white to aid in balancing the light. Yet, the room was not just designed for video interviews, it was also specially designed to assist in gathering audio clips. The room is connected to the cameras and microphones of each courtroom to allow the media to see and hear the proceedings. However, if the media wants to get a better quality quote, they can bring an interviewee into the media room in order to get them away from the commotion unfolding in the courtroom and to then get a clearer quote in the soundproofed room. Many other media rooms throughout the country were then designed off the model set by the Warren County Justice Center. The US Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. The Supreme Court Essay example The Supreme Court At the apex of our federal court system stands the United States Supreme Court. It stands as the ultimate authority in constitutional interpretation and its decision can be changed only by a constitutional amendment. Two documents are responsible for its creation which is the Constitution, which explicitly creates the Supreme Court, and the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789. The Supreme Court is the only court named in the constitution laying out the Courts basic jurisdiction, identifying the mode of selection and tenure for justices. Under Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution provides that "[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the...show more content... 13). The first Supreme Court in 1789 consisted of five justices. Congress added a sixth seat in 1790 and a seventh in 1807 to ease the strain on justices as the number of circuit courts increased. Congress added the eighth and ninth seats in 1837. Membership stayed at nine until 1863, when Congress added a tenth seat, only to abolish it when a justice died in 1865. In 1867, Congress reduced the seats to seven to limit the opportunity of President Jackson to appoint new members. Congress restored the number of seats to nine in 1869, and in 1891 abolished the Supreme Court justices' circuit–riding burden. The number of justices has remained fixed at nine, for over 100 years, making tie votes unlikely unless circumstances prevent a justice from participating in deliberations. There is currently one Chief Justice and eight associate justices in the Supreme Court although Congress does have the authority to change the number of justices sitting on the Supreme Court (Van Dervort, 2000, p. 69). Qualifications to become a justice although not spelled out immediately became obvious. From the beginning, justices have all been lawyers and most have pursued legal and political careers prior to serving the Court. The attainment of a high position in government or the legal profession is also beneficial as they lend credibility for the consideration. Some justices however chose a different path that began with private practice followed by at some point by elevation to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Essay on International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a relatively new organization; only just a decade old and it has seen a great deal of hardships and success. Since the creation of ICC it has seen a vast deal of criticisms that "[range] from concerns about racism and neocolonialism" and so forth. Not only has it encountered criticisms, but as well, people have questioned the usefulness of this organization? In truth, is it necessary to question the value, based on what little it has accomplished and in addition to, the amount of wealth it needs to stay buoyant? Concerning all of that, the ICC is nothing humanity has seen before; it has been described as "the most ambitious initiative in the history of modern international law." The ICC was...show more content... This resulted in a forty–year war, also known to be called the Cold War. With the conclusion of the conflict between United States and the Soviet Union, this brought a new morality; it brought the philosophy of "a new era of international criminal justice." Thus, discussions' regarding the idea of an international criminal court remerged, however, during this time of ICC statue was in its youth. Additional problems arose, particularly with what had occurred in Rwanda and as well the former state Yugoslavia; because of the rise in the growth of technology during that era, mankind were able to witness through their television screens the atrocities occurring in these parts of the world. Everyday people became aware of the "heinous crimes in the territory of the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda." TheUnited Nations response to said violence was an establishment of an "ad hoc tribunal." The first officially conference regarding the International Criminal Court formation, was headed in Rome in 1998. At some point in the convention assemblies of states: Canada and Norway for example, were significant in call for the formation of an international judicial system. However, the idea of an international judicial system was complex and a very sensitive matter. Nevertheless, with conclusion of the conference, no verdict had been given regarding the necessary requirements for international legal statue. Therefore, in the end "Bureau of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Essay On The Federal Court System The Federal Court System is one of the most essential and significant functions to help settle a matter. Much work is involved in the application of a body of rules and principals of rulings. The path the Federal Courts have to take in order to be heard by the Supreme Court is a lengthy process. Given millions of disputes every year, it becomes impossible for the Federal Courts to be heard by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has jurisdictions that limit the variety of cases that are clearly defined in the Constitution. The Supreme Court has developed specific rules that within the jurisdictions will and will not hear. The Federal Court must show they have extreme and substantial evidence in the outcome of the case. In mootness, the Federal...show more content... The writ of certiorari is an order to a lower court to deliver the records of a particular case to be reviewed for legal errors. The support of four justices is needed for certiorari and few cases ever satisfy this requirement. The Supreme Court's decision to accept a case is a very lengthy and complex process. A brief is used to explain why the Courts should rule in favor of their client. This brief contains facts about the case and presents evidence to the Supreme Court to affirm the lower court's verdict. The next stage involved in a case is an oral argument, in which each attorney presents their positions and answers the justice questions. It is very important to the outcome of a case and allows the justices to better understand the heart of the case. Following the oral argument, the courts discuss the case through conferences. In the book, it says "the Court discusses the cases on Wednesday or Fridays" (263). After a decision has been reached, the majority is assigned to a write opinion. The assignment of the opinion can really make a huge impact on the interpretation of a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Judicial Review : The Supreme Court Essay The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all cases in the United States of America. Although it was provided for only briefly in the Constitution, it is an instrumental part of our democracy. The Supreme Court's largest responsibility rests in its power of judicial review. The Supreme Court has the final say in all legal matters concerning the Constitution. The Supreme Court has the authority "to invalidate legislation or executive actions which, in the Court 's considered judgment, conflict with the Constitution" (The Court and Constitutional Interpretation n.p.). This means that anything passed by Congress, or mandated by the President can be struck down if the Court deems it unconstitutional. The Court can also strike down laws made by local and state governments if they violate the Constitution ("The Role of the Supreme Court" n.p.). Judicial review has been important in making sure that a citizen's individual rights, stated in the Bill of Rights, are protected. There is no express consent written in the Constitution to grant the Court the power of judicial review. The idea of it, however, was around before the Constitution was written. Before the formal establishment of the Court in 1789, state courts had exercised it by overturning several laws passed by their legislatures that conflicted with their state constitutions (The Court and Constitutional Interpretation n.p.). It was not until the 1803 Supreme Get more content on HelpWriting.net