Child side impact is a crucial issue when safety comes into picture. In a typical car crash, children get injured easily. So it is important to figure out the reason for crash profile.
The number of registered vehicles continues to grow every year and so is the number of road accidents. Rapid motorization in Malaysia has shown the growth of registered vehicles at 7.52% per annum as compared to 2.45% population growth between 1995 and 2010. During the same period, the growth of road accident has been increasing at the rate of 6.44% per annum, much higher than the population growth, from 8.09 in 1995 to 14.33 accidents per 1000 population in 2010. This dramatic increase raised a great concern both in government and the general public. Many efforts have been carried out in the past but were not well coordinated. A well coordinated effort was started from 2003, leading to the setting up of the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research in 2007, Friend of Road Safety in 2008 and Attitude Operation in 2007, in the meantime strengthening the role of Road Safety Board and the Department of Road Safety. Private companies, especially those directly related with road traffic such as oil, insurance and car manufacturing companies have also increasing their roles in road safety issues through the Department of Road Safety. These corporate contributions ranging from giving away safety helmet, child safety booster seats and road safety training for school children to providing free car safety inspection. The efforts have been fruitful. Although the number of accidents is still increasing, the number of casualty has been decreasing more than 50%, to 0.98 persons per 1000 populations within 10 years.
As per Department of Transportation data, summer is the most dangerous driving season where most of the breakdowns happen on road. Study says, 18% more accidents happen in summer months as compared to the winter. And the reason for these mishaps is pretty obvious. Schools remain closed this time and children want to explore new places. And parents can deny it! But as a parent, you must ensure safety first while traveling with your own vehicle. Here's the list of useful tips that are complied together in this slide. So, enlighten yourself and stay safe.
The number of registered vehicles continues to grow every year and so is the number of road accidents. Rapid motorization in Malaysia has shown the growth of registered vehicles at 7.52% per annum as compared to 2.45% population growth between 1995 and 2010. During the same period, the growth of road accident has been increasing at the rate of 6.44% per annum, much higher than the population growth, from 8.09 in 1995 to 14.33 accidents per 1000 population in 2010. This dramatic increase raised a great concern both in government and the general public. Many efforts have been carried out in the past but were not well coordinated. A well coordinated effort was started from 2003, leading to the setting up of the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research in 2007, Friend of Road Safety in 2008 and Attitude Operation in 2007, in the meantime strengthening the role of Road Safety Board and the Department of Road Safety. Private companies, especially those directly related with road traffic such as oil, insurance and car manufacturing companies have also increasing their roles in road safety issues through the Department of Road Safety. These corporate contributions ranging from giving away safety helmet, child safety booster seats and road safety training for school children to providing free car safety inspection. The efforts have been fruitful. Although the number of accidents is still increasing, the number of casualty has been decreasing more than 50%, to 0.98 persons per 1000 populations within 10 years.
As per Department of Transportation data, summer is the most dangerous driving season where most of the breakdowns happen on road. Study says, 18% more accidents happen in summer months as compared to the winter. And the reason for these mishaps is pretty obvious. Schools remain closed this time and children want to explore new places. And parents can deny it! But as a parent, you must ensure safety first while traveling with your own vehicle. Here's the list of useful tips that are complied together in this slide. So, enlighten yourself and stay safe.
Road Accidents happen everyday and it has been a leading cause of death worldwide. it is important that we all know how to take safety precautions while we are on the road and observe traffic rules and regulations. Here are helpful road safety tips that everyone can make use of in everyday travel.
It is related to Road Safety Engineering, I choose a location and did the Accident analysis and the survey for the location and I have suggested some Mitigation measures for the improvement of the area.
Road Safety Powerpoint Presentation, Action plan for traffic safety. Road safety statistics, Steps to be taken to prevent road accidents etc.
road accident statistics road accident facts india ppt pps pdf powerpoint road accident video images photos
Each year nearly 1.3 million people die as a result of a road traffic collision—
more than 3000 deaths each day—and more than half of these people are not
travelling in a car. Ninety percent of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries,
which claim less than half the world\'s registered vehicle fleet. Road traffic injuries
are among the three leading causes of death for people between 5 and 44 years
of age. Unless immediate and effective action is taken, road traffic injuries are
predicted to become the fifth leading cause of death in the world, resulting in an
estimated 2.4 million deaths each year.
Strategies to reduce road traffic fatalitiesJeewantha Dias
This was done as a group presentation for short clinical appointment on Forensic Medicine at Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna on strategies to reduce road traffic fatalities in Sri Lanka by 4th year medical students.
Road Conditions of India, Traffic in India, Driver Characteristics, Overloading, Cattle Menace, Triple Driving, Drunken Driving, Text and Drive, Road Fatalities, Primary Causes, Severity, International Comparison of Accident rates, Necessary use of Helmet for 2-wheeler and seat belts for cab drivers, Rash Driving, Prevention of Accidents - Measures, Highway communication and Amenities, Emergency Dial Care, Safety Measures, Slogans
Road Accidents happen everyday and it has been a leading cause of death worldwide. it is important that we all know how to take safety precautions while we are on the road and observe traffic rules and regulations. Here are helpful road safety tips that everyone can make use of in everyday travel.
It is related to Road Safety Engineering, I choose a location and did the Accident analysis and the survey for the location and I have suggested some Mitigation measures for the improvement of the area.
Road Safety Powerpoint Presentation, Action plan for traffic safety. Road safety statistics, Steps to be taken to prevent road accidents etc.
road accident statistics road accident facts india ppt pps pdf powerpoint road accident video images photos
Each year nearly 1.3 million people die as a result of a road traffic collision—
more than 3000 deaths each day—and more than half of these people are not
travelling in a car. Ninety percent of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries,
which claim less than half the world\'s registered vehicle fleet. Road traffic injuries
are among the three leading causes of death for people between 5 and 44 years
of age. Unless immediate and effective action is taken, road traffic injuries are
predicted to become the fifth leading cause of death in the world, resulting in an
estimated 2.4 million deaths each year.
Strategies to reduce road traffic fatalitiesJeewantha Dias
This was done as a group presentation for short clinical appointment on Forensic Medicine at Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna on strategies to reduce road traffic fatalities in Sri Lanka by 4th year medical students.
Road Conditions of India, Traffic in India, Driver Characteristics, Overloading, Cattle Menace, Triple Driving, Drunken Driving, Text and Drive, Road Fatalities, Primary Causes, Severity, International Comparison of Accident rates, Necessary use of Helmet for 2-wheeler and seat belts for cab drivers, Rash Driving, Prevention of Accidents - Measures, Highway communication and Amenities, Emergency Dial Care, Safety Measures, Slogans
Pattern of Pediatric Mandibular Fracture in Central Indiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Running head CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SAFETY STATISTICS1LEADERS.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SAFETY STATISTICS 1
LEADERSHIP AND INFLUENCE 6
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SAFETY STATISTICS
Name
Institution
Course
Date
Introduction
Safety is an important aspect of human lives of all ages, and its achievement and sustenance is being aimed at globally. Those vulnerable most in this case are the young children and the adolescents, who are still dependent on parents and guardians to keep them healthy and safe. The wellbeing is when an individual is safe and healthy, and is part and parcel of the quality of life. This wellbeing also includes mental health, when an individual can also fulfill their goals, both social and personal, and general wellbeing includes aspects such as income, education, general health and safety as objective measures, and also aspects such as happiness, satisfaction and quality of life. The aspect of children and adolescent wellbeing, both physically and mentally, is therefore important, as it will factor in an individual’s well being when they grow up, and therefore a stable, safe and healthy childhood and adolescent is very crucial for any generation. There are several factors to be looked at when dealing with child and adolescent well being, and they include education, culture, gender, family and parenting (Kahl, Dortschy & Ellsasser, 2007).
Health and Well-Being
The measures for physical health include self reported health, child mortality, infant mortality, birth weight, breastfeeding, immunization, hearing and vision, height and weight, chronic conditions, development process and dental health. The healthy behavior and lifestyle include things such as non intentional accidents, safety behaviors, physical activity, injuries and exercises. Some measures that promote healthy childhood and adolescent life include things such as immunization, as it lowers the child mortality and also gives them strong health advantages. Globally, the percentage of death contributed by unintentional injury is very large, and presence of healthy behaviors can reduce this percentage significantly (Fauth & Thompson, 2009).
Safety Regulations
Over the past few decades, the regulations regarding safety and health of children and adolescents have increased, and measures have been put in place by governments globally, although they differ in legislation and enforcement. Some of the interventions include the introduction of the requirement for minimum age fro drinking, where minors aren’t allowed to drink alcohol. Novice drivers are also regulated regarding the blood alcohol concentration. Laws regarding wearing of helmets when riding bicycles and motorcycles have also been introduced. Laws regarding seat belts, helmets and child restraint are also being enforced, and did not exist when we were growing up. Regulations regarding speed limits around children play areas, schools and residential areas have also been introduced. Systems regarding Graduated driver licensing have also been enfor ...
Running head: CELL PHONES 1
CELL PHONES 5
Annotated Bibliography – Importance of Cell Phones
Fulton, A. (November 17, 2012). Young Men, Frequent Drivers Most Likely to Get Distracted While
Driving. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/17/564779900/young-men-frequent-drivers-most-likely-get-distracted-while-driving
Fulton argues that distracted attention from insistent blinking and beeping of the cellphone accounts for approximately 12% and 14% of car accidents worldwide and in the United States respectively. Yes, everyone can get distracted
if you're reading this on your phone while driving, stop it. Especially if you're a young neurotic extroverted guy who drives a lot.
Two seconds of attention to the insistent beeping and blinking of our mobile phones or simply changing the radio station accounts for at least 12 percent of car accidents worldwide and 14 percent of them in the U.S., according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration.
While anyone can get distracted behind the wheel, some people may be more prone than others, according to a study published Friday in Frontiers in Psychology by Ole Johansson, a researcher at Norway's Institute of Transport Economics.
The study looks at the driving habits and personalities of hundreds of Norwegian high schoolers and adults. While few reported distracted driving was a problem for them, some patterns about who was more likely to be distracted emerged.
Young men were among the most likely to report distraction due to phones but also people talking in the car or flipping through the radio dial. The study found that the more distraction-prone included frequent drivers, and those with neurotic and extroverted personalities.
Also, people who felt that distracted driving was socially acceptable or didn't feel they could control distractions were also more likely to report distracted driving, the study shows. Older women and those who felt that they could control their behavior were less likely to report distraction.
The study also looked at potential interventions, such as giving drivers a quiz of sorts, asking them "If/Then" questions designed to make them think about distracted driving. For example, "If I find myself wondering whether someone has sent me a text, then I will __" (remind myself it's against the law, remember it's dangerous to do so, etc.) However, this particular intervention did not cause a big dip in distracted driving.
Still, the Norwegian study is the first of its kind to look at the connections between intentions and behavior when it comes to distracted driving, and it adds to emerging data on the impact of personalities and gender.
But it's very preliminary, says Ken Kolosh, manager of the statistics group at the U.S. National Safety Council. The NSC advocates for avoiding deaths and unintentional injuries in the workplace and ...
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
This study attempted to recognize the severity of safety accidents at home, the
highest frequencies among children’s accidents, to prevent the safety accidents and to
figure out the training effects of educating parents on quick emergency first aid, all of
which are to be used as empirically basic data for education program development
for parents’safety training at home. The study of (1) on the experience of emergency
first aid training and safety accidents on Korean mothers revealed that those
encountered accidents within the recent one year were 56.0% which was slightly
higher than those without the experiences with the ratio of 44.0%. Parents experience
in training on safety accidents prevention and first aid accounted for 18.8% which
was more than those without relevant training experience with the ratio of 81.2%,
which reflected the necessities of training. Based on the conclusions, future training
should not end up with conveying simple safety knowledges or medically confined
issues but establish comprehensive health model in which rights of our children are
respected and their welfare are to be improved as well..
Generating a Policy ProposalAlthough some states and cities .docxfathwaitewalter
Generating a Policy Proposal
Although some states and cities have passed laws to ban texting and using handheld phones while driving, there is no current law to ban all cell phone use while driving. However, according to the National Safety Council (2009), 28 percent of all crashes—1.6 million per year—are caused by cell phone use and texting by drivers. The mission of a new national nonprofit organization called FocusDriven, patterned after Mothers Against Drunk Driving, is to make phone use while driving as illegal and socially unacceptable as drunk driving. US Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood supports FocusDriven and its efforts: According to the
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,
LaHood said this movement will become "an army of people traveling the countryside" to push for bans on cell phone use and tough enforcement (Schmit, 2010).
As a political advocate interested in this issue, you will be writing a policy proposal that utilizes the current research to propose a solution to the issue and submit it in this assignment.
Please note that your proposal is
not
an opinion/position paper, and your conclusions need to be based on the scientific research you reviewed earlier. Please follow the typical steps in proper academic writing (planning, outlining, drafting, revising, proofing, and editing) to generate the following proposal structure:
Introduction
In the introduction, you should set up the purpose for the proposal, provide a bit of background on the topic, and present your thesis.
Policy
Now that you have researched a variety of studies (in
M4: Assignment 2
), compile that information together to create a recommendation for policy makers regarding cell phone use while driving.
1: In a one-page summary, compare and contrast the results of the various studies regarding the cognitive abilities that are affected during cell phone use while driving.
2: Using that research, develop and explain particular recommendations for policy makers. For instance, restrict texting, or regulate the use of hand-held phones. All your recommendations must be supported by your research findings.
3: Based on the gaps in current research, describe the variables, populations, and situations which you would like to see future research address.
Conclusion
Review the important current research, your conclusions from that research, and how the future could look in both policy and research. Keep your goal in mind: To convince the reader to support your current policy proposal and future research to examine this issue more closely.
Your proposal should be written in APA style (which includes a title page with running header and a reference page), and free of typographical and grammatical errors. The body of your proposal should be 4–5 pages long.
The last assignment done!
Preparation for Generating a Policy Proposal
Professor:
PSY363 | Cognitive Psychology
Fitch, G. M., Soccolich, S. A., Guo, F., McClafferty, J., Fang, Y., Olson, R. L., ... & ...
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'
Child Side Impact
1. • Abhijit Thube (fn2740)
• Abhijit Nikhade (fr4466)
Date : 12/01/2014
Instructor :
Dr. John M.
Cavanaugh
1
2. Primary occupants of the rear seat of passenger vehicles are mostly
children.
70 percent of rear seat occupants are children less than 14 years old.
Motor vehicle crashes is one of the leading cause of death and
disability for children of age 4 years and older.
952 deaths occurred among children ages 15 and younger in 2010.
Side impact crashes are one of the severe type of crashes.
2
3. Motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of death for children
age 4 and every age 11 through 14.
(NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts
2012)
In 2012, for motor vehicle occupants 14 years old and younger, there
were 1,168 fatalities and 169,000 injured children.
(NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts
2012)
3
17. 17
Average time of fusion:
- Ischiopubic Ramus: 6 – 9 years
- Triradiate cartilage in Acetabulum: 13 – 15 years
- Iliac Crest growth plate: 20 years
20. In near-side impact crashes, intrusion and interaction with the vehicle
side interior is the most significant source of injury.
20
21. For rear seated pediatric occupants, head, neck and torso injuries are common.
Abdominal injuries are attributed to lateral flexion over the lap belt as the torso
moves away from the shoulder belt.
21
22. Children 1 to 3 years old. nc = 28 children. ΔV ≥ 30 kph. NASS CDS: 1995, 1996, 1998-2004
22
23. Children 1 to 3 years old. nc = 28 children. ΔV ≥ 30 kph. NASS CDS: 1995, 1996, 1998-2004
23
28. In the late 1970's and early 1980's, TNO and others developed the
P-dummies.
In 1993 the International Child Dummy Working Group started
with the development of the Q-series of child dummies as
successor to the P-series.
Q – series is developed to be used in both front and side impact
testing, making it the first "multidirectional“ (child) dummy. The
instrumentation is interchangeable within the dummy and
between other members of the Q-series.
28
29. P1 1/2 18 Month
Old Child Dummy
P3/4 - K.AI, P3 - L.AI, P6 -
M.AI and P10 - N.AI Child
Dummies
Q – Series Dummies
29
31. Use of proper child restraint systems(CRS).
Sufficient padding to vehicle interior.
Development of more bio-fidelic ATDs. [12].
31
32. Vehicle crash is one of the leading cause for the child fatalities.
Due to anatomical differences injury criteria of adult can not be
scaled down to child occupant.
Head, neck and torso injuries are common in rear seated children in
side impact.
Contact with vehicle interior is the major cause of injuries.
More bio-fidelic ATDs can be use to predict the injuries in child side
impact.
Use of proper child restraint system can reduce the risk of injury.
32
34. 1. Costello R., Child Passenger Restraints A Biomechanical Overview presented at Wayne State University.
2. Dennis R. Durbin., The American Academy of Pediatrics UPDATED CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
presented at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
3. The Center for Injury Research and Prevention (CIRP) at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. CPS issue report 2013,
Available at http://injury.research.chop.edu/sites/default/files/documents/cps_issue_report_2013_web.pdf.
4. Partners for Child Passenger Safety. Fact and Trend Report 2006.Available at
http://injury.research.chop.edu/sites/default/files/documents/2006_ft.pdf.
5. KB Arbogast, CM Locey, MR Zonfrillo, MR Maltese. Child Restraint Systems in Side Impact Crashes: Injury Patterns and
Causation, CIREN Public Meeting October 8, 2009.
6. Partners for Child Passenger Safety. Fact and Trend Report 2008.Available at
http://injury.research.chop.edu/sites/default/files/documents/2008_ft.pdf.
7. Donald F. Huelke., An Overview of Anatomical Considerations of Infants and Children in the Adult World of Automobile Safety
Design. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400202/.
8. McCray, L., M. Scarboro and J. Brewer (2007). Injuries to children one to three years old in side impact crashes. 20th
International technical conference on the enhanced safety of vehicles conference (ESV), Lyon, France.
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Challenges. SAE International #2006-21-0007
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• Since the mid-90s there has been a significant increase in placing children in the rear seat.
• Children are more likely to ride in front if the driver is male, not a parent, or if there is no frontal air bag.
It shows the Principle Direction of Force for side impact.
• The percentage of SUVs involved in PCPS crashes increased from 15% in 1999 to 26% in 2005.
• The percentage of passenger cars in PCPS crashes decreased from a high of 58% in 1999 to 47% in 2005.
The mode by which vehicles are struck during a crash heavily influences occupants’ injury risk and the types of injuries experienced. Seating position also plays a role.
Crash modes are usually classified as rollover, frontal impact, right and left side impacts, and rear impact. Rollover crashes are deadliest, but frontal crashes are the
most common crash mode.
Assuming occupants are riding restrained when a crash occurs, it is important to understand, by crash mode, if their injuries were caused by vehicle components (intrusion
of the side interior, impact with front seat back) or restraint components so that engineers can make appropriate decisions about safety design features.
Side impact crashes: In near-side impact crashes, intrusion and interaction with the vehicle side interior is the most
significant source of injury. For rear seated pediatric occupants seated far-side to the crash, head and abdominal
injuries are common. These injury patterns indicate kinematics in which the occupant’s torso slips out of the seat belt, causing his head to contact structures laterally
(such as the far side door panel) and slightly forward. Abdominal injuries are attributed to lateral flexion over the lap belt as the torso moves away from the shoulder belt.
Frontal crashes: In frontal crashes, among restrained rear occupants age 13 years and older with serious injuries, 76 percent of injuries were to the thorax, 9 percent to the head region, 8 percent to lower extremities, and 5 percent to the abdominal region. Ninety-five percent of thoracic injuries are attributable to the seat belt.
Injury patterns are different for younger children, likely due to the biomechanical differences between children and adults. For those child occupants restrained in frontal crashes, head injuries predominate, with most injuries due to contact with the seatback in front of them and the side interior.
• As children age, their risk of injury in a crash rises. This is due in part to the different ways in which they are restrained at each age, where they sit and other crash characteristics.
• While the burden of injury is highest for 13- to 15-year-olds, the percent of crashes is fairly uniformly spread across all age groups.
• The older the child, the more likely to sit in the front seat.
• Although experts recommend all passengers under age 13 ride in the rear seat, 45 percent of those riding in the front seat are age 12 or younger.
According to PCPS: Across all age groups of children through age 15, those in the front seat were 40 percent more likely to be injured compared to rear-seated children.
For appropriately restrained 13- to 15-year-olds, there was no additional risk when they were seated in the front row as compared to the rear rows.
(Pediatrics, March 2005.)
• The overall risk of injury per 1,000 children in crashes was 11.3, approximately half the risk for drivers (24.3 per 1,000).
• Head injury was the most common injury for both children and drivers.
• Seventy-two percent of the drivers were women.
• In 59 percent of the crashes only one child passenger was involved.
• Frontal impact crashes are the most common at 40.2 percent.
• Although only 2.3 percent of all crashes involve rollovers, they have the highest risk of injury at 78.3 per 1,000 children.
• Only 14 percent of crashes happen on roads with a posted speed limit of 55 m.p.h. or higher, however they result in the highest rate of injury.
• Nearly half (48 percent) of crashes involving children occur on roads with posted speed limits of 25 to 44 m.p.h.
Average time of fusion:
- Ischiopubic Ramus: 6 – 9 years
- Triradiate cartilage in Acetabulum: 13 – 15 years
- Iliac Crest growth plate: 20 years