child rights

2. Who is a Child?
• According to United Nations: Anyone who is
below the age of 18 years is a child

3. What is a Right?
• Rights emerge from needs and desires.
• However, the most basic needs are referred to as Rights.
• Without fulfillment of the basic needs, a child’s normal
development cannot take place.
• Rights are considered as fair and just for a person to have.
• Rights and responsibilities go together. Needs are not linked
to responsibilities.
• Rights have a framework of rules and laws, In case of
needs, one cannot seek legal action
•

4. Why Should Children have Rights?
• Children are human beings and require safety and
opportunities for development.
• Personality formation takes place during early childhood.
Therefore child friendly services and nurturance are of
utmost importance.
• Children are, they need much more care and help, than
grown ups do.
• Being young in age, they cannot participate in politics or
judicial system despite contributing to the society’s
progress.
• During early years, they are dependent on adults and
therefore need extra protection and appropriate guidance.

5. • Constitution of India & Child Rights The
Constitution of India, which became
operational in 1950 refer to certain child
rights. For example, its Articles 24, 39 and 45
mention about protection of children from
being employed in hazardous employment,
protection against moral and material
abandonment, and provision of free and
compulsory education for all children up to 14
years of age.

6. • Constitution of India & Child Rights Article 24 :No child
below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work
in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous
employment Artcle 39: The State shall, in particular, direct
its policy towards securing • e. that the health and strength
of workers, men and women, and the tender age of
children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by
economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their
age or strength; • (f) that children are given opportunities
and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in
conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and
youth are protected against exploitation and against moral
and material abandonment

7. Constitution of India & Child Rights
• Article 45 Provision for free and compulsory
education for children The State shall endeavour
to provide, within a period of ten years from the
commencement of this Constitution, for free and
compulsory education for all children until they
complete the age of fourteen years
• • Article 21-A, (Eighty-Sixth Amendment), 2002,
provides for free and compulsory education of all
children in the age group of six to fourteen years
as a Fundamental Right.

8. United Nation Convention on Rights
of Children (UN-CRC)
• • UN-CRC deals with all the aspects of a child
and in different circumstances. There are 42
Articles ! Article 1 : Defines Child and then
proceeds to various rights of Children •
Articles 43-54 are about implementation
measures

9. UN-CRCThematic Clustering
• The Right to Survival Components: right to life, the highest
attainable standard of health, nutrition and adequate standard of
living, the right to a name and nationality.
• The Right to Development Components: the right to education
(formal and non-formal), support for early childhood care and
development and the right to leisure, recreation and Cultural
activities.
• The Right to Protection Components: freedom from all forms of
exploitation, abuse, inhuman or degrading treatment and neglect,
including the right to special protection in situations of emergency
and armed conflict.
• The Right to Participation Components: respect for the views of the
child, freedom of expression, access to appropriate information and
freedom of thought, conscience and religion.

10. In the year 1992 India ratified the
1989 United nations
• convention on the Rights of Child In India,
there are about 21 Acts starting from year
1890 “Guardians and Wards Act“ to 2009 “The
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory
Education Act, 2009“ which look at the
welfare of Children in India

11. Milestones in Indian Laws for Rights
of the Child