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CHESTNUT BLIGHT ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT: MYCOLOGY
SUMITTED BY: JAWAD ANWAR
Chestnut blight
HISTORY
The disease chestnut blight was first detected near Eurobin in the Ovens Valley in September 2010. Further
surveillance detected the disease on fifteen other properties in the Ovens Valley in Victoria's north east.
DEFINATION
Chestnut blight is a disease caused by a bark-inhabiting fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), which
mostly affects the trunk and branches of host chestnut trees.
EXPLANATION
The disease invades stems and branches of any size and causes cankers that can grow rapidly.
Cankers are dead or malformed areas of bark or woody tissue. In most cases cankers continue to
develop until they surround the trunks, stems or branches and the tree eventually dies. Other
symptoms of chestnut blight include cracking or peeling bark, trunk and branch swelling, bark and
wood degeneration or death, and additional resin exudates.
Under favourable environmental conditions, orange fruiting bodies (stroma) are produced on the
outside of the bark inside the canker margins. Spores are formed in stroma, which can spread the
disease.
The disease has the potential to spread from cuttings and dead wood for up to nine months.
Orange stroma (2-3mm diameter) visible on the bark of stems and branches
Cankers and bark splitting on stems and branches
How does chestnut blight spread?
Chestnut blight can spread via:
Airborne spores
Rain splash
Transport of infected material
Farm operations e.g. pruning
Machinery and equipment.
Chestnut blight can also be spread through budding material and cuttings taken from infected trees.
It can also be spread by two types of spores produced in the orange stroma of the fungus:
 One type of spore is ejected from stroma on infected wood and spread by air movement.
 The other spore type is released from infected wood onto the tree surface from where it can
be spread by rain splash, water, or any object that comes into contact with it (e.g. clothing,
tools or equipment).
Cut branches with the disease are also a serious spreading risk, as the fungus grows more rapidly
on dead wood and can produce spores for up to a year after cutting.
Chestnut blight has also been transferred to healthy trees by the use of contaminated cutting
equipment such as saws, knives and chainsaws, or tree injection equipment.
Chestnut blight may lie dormant and symptoms may take over a year to develop so, as a
precaution, it is important to keep monitoring trees for symptoms.
Spreading of chestnut :
The best option for containing the disease is to eliminate any sources of infection, including spores
of the fungus. This means that infected limbs and tree trunks must be cut off and burnt on site.
New infections cannot be seen until they fully develop and spread onto the bark, so infected tree
parts may be missed in an initial pruning. Therefore, pruned trees should be regularly monitored
for a reappearance of the disease.
Any destruction and disposal of infected trees must be done under Agriculture Victoria supervision
to ensure the highest biosecurity levels of farm hygiene and decontamination are observed.
Propagating material
Chestnut blight is most readily spread through the movement of infected budwood or cuttings. Do
not receive any cuttings or new trees unless the source material is from a grove or nursery outside
the Restricted Area or from a trusted source within the Restricted Area that has been surveyed and
found to be free of the disease.
There are restrictions in place in the Ovens Valley regarding chestnut and oak plant movement.
Heavier restrictions are in place in a small area of Eurobin, including machinery and equipment
that is used on or been in contact with chestnut or oak trees. Penalties are in place for non
compliance with these restrictions.
Notable Chestnut tress
 Chestnut Tree of One Hundred Horses on Mount Etna, 57.9 m (190 ft) circumference 1780.
 Tortworth Chestnut. 15.8-meter circumference in 1776, when it was described as "the largest
tree in England’
 Sacred Chestnut of Istán, 46-foot (14 m) circumference, estimated to be between 800 and 1,000
years old.

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Chestnut blight (Plants disease)

  • 1. CHESTNUT BLIGHT ASSIGNMENT SUBJECT: MYCOLOGY SUMITTED BY: JAWAD ANWAR
  • 2. Chestnut blight HISTORY The disease chestnut blight was first detected near Eurobin in the Ovens Valley in September 2010. Further surveillance detected the disease on fifteen other properties in the Ovens Valley in Victoria's north east. DEFINATION Chestnut blight is a disease caused by a bark-inhabiting fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), which mostly affects the trunk and branches of host chestnut trees. EXPLANATION The disease invades stems and branches of any size and causes cankers that can grow rapidly. Cankers are dead or malformed areas of bark or woody tissue. In most cases cankers continue to develop until they surround the trunks, stems or branches and the tree eventually dies. Other symptoms of chestnut blight include cracking or peeling bark, trunk and branch swelling, bark and wood degeneration or death, and additional resin exudates. Under favourable environmental conditions, orange fruiting bodies (stroma) are produced on the outside of the bark inside the canker margins. Spores are formed in stroma, which can spread the disease. The disease has the potential to spread from cuttings and dead wood for up to nine months. Orange stroma (2-3mm diameter) visible on the bark of stems and branches
  • 3. Cankers and bark splitting on stems and branches How does chestnut blight spread? Chestnut blight can spread via: Airborne spores Rain splash Transport of infected material Farm operations e.g. pruning Machinery and equipment. Chestnut blight can also be spread through budding material and cuttings taken from infected trees. It can also be spread by two types of spores produced in the orange stroma of the fungus:  One type of spore is ejected from stroma on infected wood and spread by air movement.  The other spore type is released from infected wood onto the tree surface from where it can be spread by rain splash, water, or any object that comes into contact with it (e.g. clothing, tools or equipment). Cut branches with the disease are also a serious spreading risk, as the fungus grows more rapidly on dead wood and can produce spores for up to a year after cutting. Chestnut blight has also been transferred to healthy trees by the use of contaminated cutting equipment such as saws, knives and chainsaws, or tree injection equipment. Chestnut blight may lie dormant and symptoms may take over a year to develop so, as a precaution, it is important to keep monitoring trees for symptoms.
  • 4. Spreading of chestnut : The best option for containing the disease is to eliminate any sources of infection, including spores of the fungus. This means that infected limbs and tree trunks must be cut off and burnt on site. New infections cannot be seen until they fully develop and spread onto the bark, so infected tree parts may be missed in an initial pruning. Therefore, pruned trees should be regularly monitored for a reappearance of the disease. Any destruction and disposal of infected trees must be done under Agriculture Victoria supervision to ensure the highest biosecurity levels of farm hygiene and decontamination are observed. Propagating material Chestnut blight is most readily spread through the movement of infected budwood or cuttings. Do not receive any cuttings or new trees unless the source material is from a grove or nursery outside the Restricted Area or from a trusted source within the Restricted Area that has been surveyed and found to be free of the disease. There are restrictions in place in the Ovens Valley regarding chestnut and oak plant movement. Heavier restrictions are in place in a small area of Eurobin, including machinery and equipment that is used on or been in contact with chestnut or oak trees. Penalties are in place for non compliance with these restrictions. Notable Chestnut tress  Chestnut Tree of One Hundred Horses on Mount Etna, 57.9 m (190 ft) circumference 1780.  Tortworth Chestnut. 15.8-meter circumference in 1776, when it was described as "the largest tree in England’  Sacred Chestnut of Istán, 46-foot (14 m) circumference, estimated to be between 800 and 1,000 years old.