Chess is a two player board game that originated in India. The goal is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it in a position where it cannot escape capture. Each player controls 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. Each piece type moves in a distinct way. Modern chess evolved from earlier versions in India and Persia, becoming popular worldwide over centuries. Major historical figures helped advance the game and its competitive aspects.