Billiards, also known as cue sports, are games played on a rectangular table with balls and a stick called a cue. The most common types are 8-ball and 9-ball. In 8-ball, players must sink balls of the same category (stripes or solids) before pocketing the 8-ball. In 9-ball, the lowest numbered ball must be struck first until the 9-ball is sunk to win. Proper equipment includes cue sticks, billiard balls, and a table with pockets. Games are won by clearing one's category of balls and then sinking the final ball into the designated pocket.

1. BILLIARD
S

2. WHAT IS BILLIARDS?
Billiard or also known as Cue
sports are a wide variety
of games of skill played with
a cue, which is used to strike
designated number of
small balls and thereby cause
them to move around a cloth-
covered rectangular
table bounded by elastic
bumpers known as cushions.

3. ANATOMY OF A BILLIARD TABLE

4. EQUIPMENTS
• Cue Stick - a
stick used to hit
the ball. The
length of the cue
stick is around 55
inches, however
there is no fixed
length as some
cue sticks are
around 58 inches.

5. • Mechanical
Bridge - is
also called
a rake and is
used
sometimes as
a supporting
instrument
for the cue
stick.
EQUIPMENTS

6. EQUIPMENTS
• Billiards Chalk- it is
rubbed on the tip of
the cue stick before
every shot, a player
rubs the tip with chalk
to increase the friction
between the tip and
the ball in order to
increase the hitting
efficiency.

7. EQUIPMENTS
• Cue Ball - the white
ball which, struck by
the cue, collides with
the other balls to
achieve the object of
the particular game.
The red spot allows
for a consistent
reference for
eyesight and cue tip
positioning.

8. EQUIPMENTS
• Billiard Balls - the two
sets include seven
striped number
balls and seven solid
colored number balls.
There is also a ball
having number eight
in white and the rest
in black. This ball is
called as a black eight-
ball.

9. EQUIPMENTS
• Billiards Table – it is a
six pocket table, or we
can say six hole table.
The pockets are four in
four corners and two
pockets are in the
middle of the two
lengths of the table. The
table is rectangular in
shape having a length of
2.75m and breadth of
1.37m.

10. PROPER STANCE

12. THE GRIP

14. HAND BRIDGE

17. SHOOT

18. AIM

19. DIAMOND DISTANCE SYSTEM

22. HOW TO RACK

23. • Start off with the 1-ball at the front of the rack.
• Make sure that the 8-ball is in the center of the rack.
• Make sure the bottom corner balls are a stripe and a solid.
• Place all the other balls at random.
• Line the apex (the first ball) up with the middle diamond
on the side of the pool table.
• Make sure that the balls are tightly packed together.
• Preserving the tightness of the rack, lift the rack from the
balls.
HOW TO RACK

25. HOW TO START THE GAME
•The game starts with a
“break” and players try to hit
all of their assigned balls into
pockets using the cue ball
(the white ball).

26. BREAK

28. Object of the Game
• The object of pool is to pot all of your designated balls (either stripes or solids) and
then pot the 8 ball, thus winning the game. As pool matches often consist of
several games in a ‘best out of’ format, players attempt to win as many games as
needed to win the match. Players must use their skills in both attack and safety
play, as well as tactical nous to help them win the match.
Players & Equipment
• To play pool, the following pieces of equipment are required:
• Table: The table used in pool is approximately 9 feet by 4.5 feet although games
can often be played on differing sized tables.
• Balls: 16 balls in total, comprising a white cue ball, seven striped balls, seven
solid balls, and one black ball (8 ball).
• Cues: Players have a cue each which can be made from wood, carbon fiber, or
fiberglass and this is used for striking the cue ball.
• Chalk: To ensure they have more control over their shots, each player tends to
chalk the end of their cue to ensure there is good contact between the cue and the
ball.

29. Scoring
• There is no score as such in pool with both players simply attempting to
pot all of their designated object balls and then potting the 8 ball into
the pocket that they have chosen. However, pool matches are often
played over a number of games, so for example, in a best of nine frame
match, the first player to reach five frames would be declared the
winner.
Winning the Game
• 8 Ball pool is won when one of the following occurs:
• A player pots all of their designated balls and then legally pockets the 8
ball into their nominated pocket.
• The opposing player illegally pots the 8 ball before clearing their own
set of balls.
• The 8 ball is knocked of the table by the opposition.

30. Rules of Pool
• The rules of pool are some of the most contested of any sport, with slightly
differing variations being played in different countries, cities, areas, and even
establishments. However, the World Pool Billiard Association (WPA) have
produced a standardized set of rules for both amateur and professionals by
which to abide.
• Before the game begins, the object balls should be placed in a triangular rack
and positioned at the lower end of the table so that the apex ball of the rack
lies on the foot spot. The order of the balls should be random apart from the
black 8-ball, which should be placed in the middle of the third row. The white
ball should be placed anywhere behind the service line on the table.
• If it is the first game in a match, a coin should be tossed to decide who gets
to choose whether to break. After that, the break is taken in turns.
• To make a legal break, the player must hit the balls and ensure that four balls
hit cushions and that the cue ball doesn’t go down a pocket. If the 8-ball is
potted on the break, the player is entitled to ask for a re-rack.

31. • The first player to pot an object ball will then have to continue to pot the balls from
that category (stripes or solids). The opposition player will have to pot the other group
• A player will continue to make shots until they foul, or fail to pot an object ball. Then it
is the turn of the opposing player. Play continues like this for the remainder of the
game.
• If a player commits a foul, the opposition player is entitled to place the cue ball
anywhere on the table. There are numerous fouls in pool, some of the most common
being:
• Failing to hit your own object balls.
• Hitting the cue ball off the table.
• Potting one of the opposition's object balls.
• Hitting the cue ball twice.
• Pushing the cue ball rather than striking it.
• A player taking a shot when it is not their turn.
• Once all of a player’s balls have been potted, they must then sink the 8 ball. They
must first designate which pocket they intend to pot the 8-ball in and then do as
stated. Failure to do so will result in the opposition player returning to the table. If the
player pots the 8 ball in any other pocket other than the nominated one, they forfeit
the game.

32. 9-BALL RULES
OBJECT OF THE GAME
• Nine Ball is played with nine object balls numbered one
through nine and a cue ball.
• On each shot the first ball the cue ball contacts must be the
lowest-numbered ball on the table, but the balls need not be
pocketed in order. If a player pockets any ball on a legal shot,
he remains at the table for another shot, and continues until
he misses, fouls, or wins the game by pocketing the 9-ball.
• After a miss, the incoming player must shoot from the position
left by the previous player, but after any foul the incoming
player may start with the cue ball anywhere on the table.
Players are not required to call any shot. a match ends when
one of the players has won the required number of games.

33. RACKING THE BALLS
• The object balls are
racked in a diamond
shape, with the one ball
at the top of the diamond
and on the foot spot, the
nine ball in the center of
the diamond, and the
other balls in random
order, racked as tightly
as possible. the game
begins with cue ball in
hand behind the head
string.