1. CERTIFICATE
Thisisto certifythatMonitaPriyadarshini of Class-XII,
section-D hassuccessfully completed thechemistry investigatory
project entitled “Study ofconstituentsofalloys”during theacademic
year2016-17towardspartialfulfillmentofcredit forthechemistry
practical evaluationofA.I.S.S.C.E2017, andsubmitted satisfactory
report , ascompiled in thefollowingpages.
Thisreport isthe resultof herendeavorsand research. Itis
finalizedunder my guidance andsupervision.
________________________ _______________________
Signature of external Signature of teacher
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In theaccomplishment ofthis project successfully, many
people havebestowed on me theirblessings andtheirimmense
support.
I wouldlike toexpress my special thanksof gratitude tomy
teacherMr. RajendraSaha who gaveme thegolden opportunity to do
thiswonderfulproject on thetopic “To study theconstituentsof
alloys”which alsohelped me in doing a lotof research andI came to
know about so many new things. Secondly Iwould alsolike to thank
my parents andmy friends whohelped me a lotin finalizingthisproject
withinthe giventime.
Last but not theleastI wouldlike tothankallthepeople whohad
helpedme directlyor indirectlyduring the completion of thisproject.
MONITA PRIYADARSHINI
CLASS- XII D
3. INTRODUCTION
An alloyisamixtureofeither pureorfairly pure chemical elements, which formsan impuresubstance
(admixture)that retains thecharacteristics ofa metal.An alloyisdistinctfrom an impuremetal,such
as wroughtiron,in that,with an alloy,theadded impuritiesareusuallydesirable and will typicallyhavesome
useful benefit.Alloysare madebymixing two ormoreelements;atleast oneofwhich being ametal.Thisis
usuallycalled theprimarymetal or thebasemetal, and thenameofthismetal mayalso bethenameofthe
alloy.Theotherconstituents mayormaynotbemetalsbut,when mixed with themolten base,theywill
besoluble,dissolving into themixture.
Puremetals posses few importantand physical properties such as
boiling point,melting point,density,high malleability,
ductility,conductivityetc.Formanyhuman needs theextents of
these properties possessed bythesepure metalsdon’tbecome
much beneficial.
Therefore to improvethecharacteristics ,these metals are
combined with othermetalsand alloysare produced.Theterm
alloyisused to describe amixtureofatoms in which theprimary
constituentis ametal.
Alloysaremadeto -
Enhancethehardnessofametal:Analloyisharderthanits components.Puremetalsaregenerally
soft.Thehardnessofametalcanbeenhancedbyalloyingitwithanothermetalornonmetal.
Lowerthemeltingpoint: Puremetalshaveahighmeltingpoint.Themelting point lowerswhen
puremetalsarealloyedwithothermetalsornonmetals.Thismakesthemetalseasilyfusible.This
propertyisutilizedtomakeusefulalloyscalledsolders.
Enhancetensilestrength:Alloyformationincreasesthetensilestrengthoftheparentmetal.
Enhancecorrosionresistance:Alloysaremoreresistanttocorrosionthanpuremetals.Metalsin
pureformarechemicallyreactiveandcanbeeasilycorrodedbythesurroundingatmospheric gases
