The document summarizes key components of air, including nitrogen (78.09%), oxygen (20.95%), and trace amounts of other gases. It also describes several acids and gases found in air or produced as byproducts of combustion, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitric acid. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone can be harmful at high concentrations or contribute to pollution and global warming. The document provides details on the properties and uses of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

1. Group 5

2. The air is a mixture of gases, the most important of
which is oxygen and hydrogen. Air that is not
contaminated by a man contains:
Nitrogen - 78.09%
Oxygen - 20.95%
Argon - 00.93%
Carbon dioxide - 00.03%
Hydrogen - 00.00005%

3. Carbon dioxide is also a fairly
important component of the air. In
higher concentrations it is harmful to
health, or even lethal. It is
considered to be one of the
greenhouse gases responsible for
global warming.

4. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a
sharp, biting and stifling odor, strongly
irritating the respiratory tract. Sulfur
dioxide is toxic to animals and harmful
to plants. It has bactericidal and
fungicidal properties. It is a by-product
of the combustion of fossil fuels, which
contributes to the pollution of the
atmosphere (smog).

5. Ozone has strong aseptic and toxic
properties. It is used in the
disinfection of water and plays an
important role in absorbing the part
of the ultraviolet coming from the
Sun to the Earth (see ozone hole).

6. Organic acids are well-known from everyday life,
namely: citric acid, acetic acid (used to acidify
and marinate vegetables and mushrooms), lactic
acid (thanks to bacteria that are sour: milk,
cabbage, cucumbers), formic acid, oxalic acid.
They are in living organisms. The group of
inorganic acids includes acids that can be
obtained from mineral substances on the
ground.

7. Sulfuric acid, inorganic chemical
compound, weak and unstable acid
formed in the reaction of sulfur dioxide
with water. With metals, it forms
permanent salts - sulfites. Properties of
sulphurous acid: - unstable -
decomposes during heating, -
germicidal, -fungicidal, - has bleaching
properties, - grows plants, -poisonous, -
extremely irritating, - it is electrolyte
Unlike its salts, sulphites, the use of free
sulphurous acid is negligible. In
laboratory synthesis, it is used as a
reducing agent. It is used for bleaching
wool and in the paper industry.

8. Nitric acid is an inorganic chemical
compound, one of the strongest oxygen
acids. The acidic residue is a nitrate group
containing nitrogen in the V oxidation
state.
- colorless
- freezing point: 332K (41.1OC)
- boiling point 86C.
As concentrated it is unstable
(decomposing the light and elevated
temperature on it), as it dilutes it
becomes more and more durable.
- strong smell
- concentrated smokes
- smokes in the humid air