Chemical sterilization
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Heat and chemical sterilization methods are used to sterilize medical equipment. A hot air oven uses dry heat at 170°C for 2 hours or 180°C for 1 hour to sterilize equipment. Ethylene oxide gas is also used but requires 2-24 hours and specialized equipment, making it more expensive. Chemicals like glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde act as high level disinfectants and sterilize at certain concentrations and contact times, while hypochlorite solutions and hydrogen peroxide destroy pathogens.
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infection control in surgical practice .pptx
1) The document discusses various methods of controlling infection in surgical practice, including identifying pathogens and understanding how the oral microbiome is normally regulated.
2) It then covers specific microorganisms like hepatitis viruses, HIV, mycobacteria, and their modes of transmission.
3) Key concepts and terminology related to infection control are defined, like the differences between sterilization, sanitization, and disinfection. Various sterilization techniques using heat, gas, and chemicals are also described.
Disinfection and sterilization
This document discusses disinfection and sterilization. It defines sterilization as killing all microorganisms including bacterial spores, while disinfection eliminates most pathogens but not spores. Various physical (heat, radiation), chemical (alcohols, phenols), and combined methods are described for achieving sterilization and disinfection. Key factors that impact the efficacy of these methods like temperature, time, and presence of organic matter are also summarized.
Asepsis sterilization and infection control
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Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of physical,...
This document discusses various methods of sterilization including physical, chemical, gaseous, radiation, and mechanical methods. It provides details on heat sterilization methods like dry heat sterilization using an oven and moist heat sterilization using an autoclave. It also describes radiation sterilization methods like UV and gamma irradiation. Finally, it covers mechanical sterilization through filtration using filters like sintered glass, ceramic candles, and membranes.
sterilization and methods of sterilization
Sterilization refers to processes that eliminate transmissible agents like bacteria and viruses. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include heat sterilization like autoclaving, which is the most widely used method, as well as radiation and filtration. Chemical sterilization uses gases like ethylene oxide and formaldehyde. Each method has merits like effectiveness but also drawbacks such as potential toxicity. The various sterilization techniques are applied based on the type of material and whether it is heat-sensitive. Moist heat via autoclaving is commonly used to sterilize medical equipment and pharmaceutical products.
STERILIZATION – PHYSICAL METHODS.pptx
This document discusses various physical sterilization methods including heat, radiation, and filtration. It focuses on moist heat sterilization methods such as autoclaving, which uses steam under pressure at 121°C for 15 minutes to reliably kill microorganisms. Proper sterilization requires validation using biological indicators like Bacillus stearothermophilus spores to confirm sterilization conditions achieve a 6 log reduction in microorganisms. Physical sterilization methods are effective at eliminating pathogens but can damage heat or moisture sensitive materials so the appropriate method must be selected.
Sterilization
History
Definition and Terms
Materials to sterilize
Preparation
Sterilization methods and uses
Methods of sterilization
Methods of monitoring sterilization
Merits / demerits
Sterilization.pptx
Sterilization is the process of eliminating all forms of life through heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, or filtration. There are physical methods like heat and radiation, chemical methods, and gaseous methods. Moist heat sterilization in an autoclave uses pressurized steam at 121-134°C for 15-30 minutes to destroy microorganisms through protein denaturation. Dry heat sterilization in a hot air oven requires higher temperatures like 160°C for 60 minutes and uses conduction and convection to penetrate materials and kill microbes through oxidative damage. Both methods are effective at sterilizing heat-stable items but moist heat is more rapid while dry heat is used for items that cannot get
Sterilization and disinfection for lab technicians.pdf
Sterilization is a process that eliminates all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical (heat, radiation) and chemical (ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide) methods. The most reliable and effective method is moist heat sterilization using an autoclave, which applies steam under pressure to reach high temperatures. Strict sterilization is important for preventing infection in healthcare settings.
Sterilization process
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION.pptx
Microorganisms are the agents of contamination, infection and decay. Hence it becomes necessary to remove them.
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilisation and disinfection methods lecture notes for Allied Health Sciences and Nursing Students. Various methods of sterilisation and disinfection used in health care settings in order to prevent hospital acquired infection.
Sterilization techniques .TYPES .MERTIES. AND DIMERTIES AND APPLICATION......
This document discusses sterilization techniques. It defines sterilization as any process that eliminates transmissible agents like bacteria and viruses. The main methods of sterilization discussed are physical (heat, radiation, filtration) and chemical (gaseous). Heat sterilization through moist heat like autoclaving and dry heat is the most widely used method. Radiation uses gamma rays or electrons to sterilize heat-sensitive products. Filtration removes microbes from liquids and gases. Gaseous sterilization uses chemicals like ethylene oxide or formaldehyde that react with microbes. Sterilization is important in medicine to prevent disease transmission and growth and avoid additional surgeries.
Sterilization
The document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines key terms and outlines various physical and chemical sterilizing agents. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat-based methods involve dry heat using ovens or flames, and moist heat using autoclaving. Chemical agents discussed are alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, phenols and metallic salts. Proper controls and ideal requirements for sterilizing agents are also covered.
STERILIZATION.pptx
The document discusses steam sterilization. It begins by defining sterilization and explaining that steam sterilization is very effective at killing microorganisms. It then discusses the factors that are important for steam sterilization to be effective - time, temperature, and moisture. Proper steam quality and sufficient exposure time at high enough temperatures are needed to achieve a 6 log reduction in microorganisms. The document also discusses different types of sterilizers like gravity displacement and pre-vacuum sterilizers, and tests like the Bowie-Dick test that are used to ensure sterilizers are functioning properly. Understanding steam sterilization principles is important for ensuring a safe sterilization process.
Sterilization
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Chemical sterilization
- 1. HEAT AND CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PRESENTED BY Dr. SREEJAN.C.K, MDS PROFESSOR DEPT OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY MALABAR DENTAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTER MANOOR, EDAPPAL, KERALA
- 2. A hot air oven is used to sterilize equipments with dry heat. Hot Air Oven
- 3. The recommended temperature and time for sterilization of medical equipment is as follows : • 170°C for 2 hours • 180°C for 1 hour.
- 4. Hot Air oven
- 5. Hot Air oven
- 7. • Ethylene oxide is a colourless gas which is toxic to inhale. • It is effective against all organisms and does not damage equipment. Ethylene oxide
- 8. • The operating cycle ranges from 2 to 24 hours so the time is prolonged. • It needs specialized equipments and it is a relatively expensive process Ethylene oxide
- 9. High Level Disinfectants : • High level disinfectants are capable of sterilization when contact time is extended.
- 10. Aldehydes • They are active against bacteria, viruses and fungi. • They are actively used nowadays and are high level disinfectants • Acting as sterilants in appropriate concentrations and contact time. • E.g. Glutaraldehyde (Cidex) & formaldehyde
- 11. • Formaldehyde is irritant to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. • It can also be absorbed by some materials and subsequently slowly released with potentially hazardous results. Formaldehyde
- 12. b) Hypochlorites • They act against bacteria, fungi, viruses and bacterial spores. They are corrosive to metals. • They are inactivated by organic matter and decay on storage. • E.g. : 5 % Sodium Hypochlorite Solution (Bleach)
- 13. Hydrogen peroxide It is a strong oxidant allowing it to destroy a wide range of pathogens.
- 14. • Formaldehyde is irritant to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. • It can also be absorbed by some materials and subsequently slowly released with potentially hazardous results. Formaldehyde