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Header files in c
Header files in C contain function declarations and macros that can be included in C programs using the #include preprocessor directive. Common header files like stdio.h provide input/output functions, conio.h provides console input/output functions, and math.h provides mathematics functions. Other header files provide functions for strings, date/time, memory allocation, and other general utilities. Header files allow code to be reused across programs and abstraction of platform-specific details.
Functions in C
This document discusses different types of functions in C programming. It defines library functions, user-defined functions, and the key elements of functions like prototypes, arguments, parameters, return values. It categorizes functions based on whether they have arguments and return values. The document also explains how functions are called, either by value where changes are not reflected back or by reference where the original values are changed.
Modular programming
Hello it's me Bibash Pokhrel Computer Science Teacher at Shubhakamana Academy.
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Function in c
The document discusses C programming functions. It provides examples of defining, calling, and using functions to calculate factorials, Fibonacci sequences, HCF and LCM recursively and iteratively. Functions allow breaking programs into smaller, reusable blocks of code. They take in parameters, can return values, and have local scope. Function prototypes declare their interface so they can be called from other code locations.
Preprocessor directives in c language
The preprocessor directives in C allow code to be modified before compilation. Key directives include #define for macros, #include for file inclusion, #ifdef/#endif for conditional compilation, and #pragma for additional compiler instructions. Preprocessor directives begin with # and are executed before the code is compiled, allowing code to be customized based on preprocessor variables and macros.
Python lambda functions with filter, map & reduce function
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C++ programming function
Functions allow code to be reused by defining formulas that can be called from different parts of a program. Functions take in inputs, perform operations, and return outputs. They are defined outside of the main body with a function prototype, and can be called multiple times from within main or other functions. This document demonstrates how to define a FindMax function that takes in two numbers, compares them, and returns the maximum number. It shows function prototypes, defining the function outside of main, and calling the function from within main to find the maximum of two user-input numbers.
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Header files in c
Header files in C contain function declarations and macros that can be included in C programs using the #include preprocessor directive. Common header files like stdio.h provide input/output functions, conio.h provides console input/output functions, and math.h provides mathematics functions. Other header files provide functions for strings, date/time, memory allocation, and other general utilities. Header files allow code to be reused across programs and abstraction of platform-specific details.
Functions in C
This document discusses different types of functions in C programming. It defines library functions, user-defined functions, and the key elements of functions like prototypes, arguments, parameters, return values. It categorizes functions based on whether they have arguments and return values. The document also explains how functions are called, either by value where changes are not reflected back or by reference where the original values are changed.
Modular programming
Hello it's me Bibash Pokhrel Computer Science Teacher at Shubhakamana Academy.
Resource: Internet, Class 10 Computer Book
Python programming introduction
This document provides an overview of basic Python programming concepts including programming languages, compilers, interpreters, linkers, loaders, Python syntax checking, Python virtual machine, commenting in Python, Python character sets, tokens, literals, variables, keywords, operators, delimiters, and the print function. It explains key elements like machine language uses 0s and 1s, high level languages are easier for humans, compilers translate to machine code while interpreters convert line by line, and linkers combine program modules into a single executable.
Function in c
The document discusses C programming functions. It provides examples of defining, calling, and using functions to calculate factorials, Fibonacci sequences, HCF and LCM recursively and iteratively. Functions allow breaking programs into smaller, reusable blocks of code. They take in parameters, can return values, and have local scope. Function prototypes declare their interface so they can be called from other code locations.
Preprocessor directives in c language
The preprocessor directives in C allow code to be modified before compilation. Key directives include #define for macros, #include for file inclusion, #ifdef/#endif for conditional compilation, and #pragma for additional compiler instructions. Preprocessor directives begin with # and are executed before the code is compiled, allowing code to be customized based on preprocessor variables and macros.
Python lambda functions with filter, map & reduce function
Lambda functions allow the creation of small anonymous functions and can be passed as arguments to other functions. The map() function applies a lambda function to each element of a list and returns a new list. The filter() function filters a list based on the return value of a lambda function. The reduce() function iteratively applies a lambda function to consecutive pairs in a list and returns a single value. User-defined functions in Python can perform tasks like converting between temperature scales, finding max/min/average of lists, generating Fibonacci series, reversing strings, summing digits in numbers, and calculating powers using recursion.
C++ programming function
Functions allow code to be reused by defining formulas that can be called from different parts of a program. Functions take in inputs, perform operations, and return outputs. They are defined outside of the main body with a function prototype, and can be called multiple times from within main or other functions. This document demonstrates how to define a FindMax function that takes in two numbers, compares them, and returns the maximum number. It shows function prototypes, defining the function outside of main, and calling the function from within main to find the maximum of two user-input numbers.
Function in C program
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions make a program more modular and easier to debug by dividing a large program into smaller, simpler tasks. Functions can take arguments as input and return values. Functions are called from within a program to execute their code.
Algorithm and c language
This document provides an introduction to algorithms and imperative programming in C language. It defines an algorithm as a set of instructions to perform a task and discusses the differences between algorithms and programs. It also describes flowcharts for representing algorithms and discusses various programming elements in C like variables, data types, operators, functions, and comments. The document concludes with an example of a simple "Hello World" C program.
Storage class in C Language
The storage class determines where a variable is stored in memory (CPU registers or RAM) and its scope and lifetime. There are four storage classes in C: automatic, register, static, and external. Automatic variables are stored in memory, have block scope, and are reinitialized each time the block is entered. Register variables try to store in CPU registers for faster access but may be stored in memory. Static variables are also stored in memory but retain their value between function calls. External variables have global scope and lifetime across the entire program.
functions in C and types
This document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as blocks of code that perform tasks and return single values. It discusses two types of functions: built-in functions provided by the language and user-defined functions created by the programmer. It outlines the steps to working with user-defined functions: declaration, definition, and call. It provides examples of simple programs that demonstrate calculating area and circumference using functions, exchanging variable values using a function, and a welcome message function.
Storage classes in C
Storage classes in C determine the scope, visibility, and lifetime of variables. The main storage classes are automatic, external, static, and register. Automatic variables are local to a function and destroyed when the function exits. External variables are declared outside of functions and visible throughout the program. Static variables persist for the duration of the program, while register variables attempt to store variables in CPU registers for faster access.
Operator overloading
Operator overloading allows operators like + and - to be used with custom class and struct types by defining them as methods. It overloads their original meaning for built-in types while retaining that functionality. Binary operators take two parameters while unary operators take one. Overloading improves code readability and makes operations on custom types look more natural. However, overloading is limited to certain predefined operators and cannot change properties like precedence.
Presentation on Function in C Programming
The document presents information about functions in the C programming language. It discusses what a C function is, the different types of C functions including library functions and user-defined functions. It provides examples of how to declare, define, call and pass arguments to C functions. Key points covered include how functions allow dividing a large program into smaller subprograms, the ability to call functions multiple times, and how functions improve readability, debugging and reusability of code. An example program demonstrates a simple C function that calculates the square of a number.
C tokens
C programs are composed of six types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. Keywords are reserved words that serve as building blocks for statements and cannot be used as names. Identifiers name variables, functions, and arrays and must begin with a letter. Constants represent fixed values and come in numeric, character, and string forms. Special symbols include braces, parentheses, and brackets that indicate code blocks, function calls, and arrays. Operators perform arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logic, and other operations.
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This document provides an overview of variables, data types, operators, and expressions in C programming. It covers C's character set and tokens. It describes the different data types like integer, floating point, character, and string. It also discusses variables, declarations, definitions, and user-defined types. The document outlines the various operators in C including arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement, bitwise, assignment, and conditional operators. It explains type conversions, both implicit and explicit, in expressions. Finally, it covers operator precedence and associativity rules for evaluating expressions in C.
C Programming Project
This document appears to be a student project submission for a post graduate diploma in information technology. It contains two questions and answers involving C programming. Question 1 involves accepting integer values from the user, sorting an array in ascending order, calculating the sum of odd values and number of even values. Question 2 involves reading from a file passed as a command line argument, displaying each word on a new line, counting vowels, occurrences of "the", and copying the file contents to a new file. The code provided implements the specified tasks for each question.
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1. The document provides instructions for 6 programming assignments involving functions and pointers in C. The assignments include writing functions to calculate circle area and perimeter, calculating student marks across subjects, computing the Fibonacci sequence recursively, printing variable values and addresses, dynamically allocating memory for student data, and creating and manipulating a student data structure. The assignments must be completed by the following week's lab sessions.
UNIT 4-HEADER FILES IN C
1. Header files contain function declarations and macro definitions that can be shared between multiple C source files. System header files are provided by the compiler while user header files are written by the programmer.
2. The math.h header file contains common mathematical functions like sqrt, exp, log, pow, etc. The ctype.h header file contains functions for character classification and conversion like isalpha, isdigit, toupper, tolower.
3. Important functions in stdio.h include printf, scanf for input/output, and fopen, fclose for file handling. Functions in stdlib.h include malloc and free for memory management.
Function in c
This ppt shows types of functions, arguments, function prototype, actual parameters and formal parameters, calling function, call by value, recursion.
Introduction to C programming
C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix operating system. It was first implemented on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in 1972.
C programming
This document provides an overview of programming concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, and the C programming language. It discusses topics such as programming, variables, data types, input/output functions, and more. Code samples and definitions are provided to illustrate key concepts in learning to program.
Advanced C programming
If you cannot explain it: char* const * (*next)(), try to read the slides and help you understand pointers usage in C programming.
Function in C
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines a function as a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task. Functions make code more modular and reusable. There are two types of functions: standard/library functions and user-defined functions. Functions can take input parameters and return values. Functions are an essential part of program structure in C as they help organize code and logic.
Variadic functions
Variadic functions allow a function to take a variable number of arguments. They are declared with an ellipsis after the last named parameter. The stdarg.h header provides macros for accessing the variable arguments: va_start initializes argument parsing, va_arg returns the next argument of a given type, and va_end cleans up. An example sums all integer arguments by iterating with va_arg, illustrating how variadic functions work.
Memory allocation in c
The document discusses dynamic memory allocation in C. It describes the four main functions for dynamic allocation - malloc(), calloc(), free(), and realloc(). malloc() allocates a block of memory of a specified size and returns a pointer. calloc() allocates multiple blocks of memory and initializes them to zero. free() releases previously allocated memory. realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory. The document provides examples of using each function.
C language sample test
The document discusses definitions for macros found in common C header files in Linux implementations. It presents definitions for 8 macros and identifies the header file and purpose of each. For some macros, it provides additional context on their implementation and usage. The document aims to help readers understand how some common macros are defined and applied in C programming.
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This document contains C code for initializing and controlling a 16x2 LCD display module connected to an AVR microcontroller. It defines macros for the LCD port and data direction register. Functions are defined to send command and data bytes to the LCD via the LCD port. An lcd_init() function initializes the LCD to 4-bit mode and clears the display. Other functions allow setting the cursor position, writing a string to the LCD, and clearing the display. The main() function demonstrates initializing the LCD, writing strings to different lines, waiting, and then clearing the display.
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This document provides an introduction to algorithms and imperative programming in C language. It defines an algorithm as a set of instructions to perform a task and discusses the differences between algorithms and programs. It also describes flowcharts for representing algorithms and discusses various programming elements in C like variables, data types, operators, functions, and comments. The document concludes with an example of a simple "Hello World" C program.
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The storage class determines where a variable is stored in memory (CPU registers or RAM) and its scope and lifetime. There are four storage classes in C: automatic, register, static, and external. Automatic variables are stored in memory, have block scope, and are reinitialized each time the block is entered. Register variables try to store in CPU registers for faster access but may be stored in memory. Static variables are also stored in memory but retain their value between function calls. External variables have global scope and lifetime across the entire program.
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This document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as blocks of code that perform tasks and return single values. It discusses two types of functions: built-in functions provided by the language and user-defined functions created by the programmer. It outlines the steps to working with user-defined functions: declaration, definition, and call. It provides examples of simple programs that demonstrate calculating area and circumference using functions, exchanging variable values using a function, and a welcome message function.
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Storage classes in C determine the scope, visibility, and lifetime of variables. The main storage classes are automatic, external, static, and register. Automatic variables are local to a function and destroyed when the function exits. External variables are declared outside of functions and visible throughout the program. Static variables persist for the duration of the program, while register variables attempt to store variables in CPU registers for faster access.
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Operator overloading allows operators like + and - to be used with custom class and struct types by defining them as methods. It overloads their original meaning for built-in types while retaining that functionality. Binary operators take two parameters while unary operators take one. Overloading improves code readability and makes operations on custom types look more natural. However, overloading is limited to certain predefined operators and cannot change properties like precedence.
Presentation on Function in C Programming
The document presents information about functions in the C programming language. It discusses what a C function is, the different types of C functions including library functions and user-defined functions. It provides examples of how to declare, define, call and pass arguments to C functions. Key points covered include how functions allow dividing a large program into smaller subprograms, the ability to call functions multiple times, and how functions improve readability, debugging and reusability of code. An example program demonstrates a simple C function that calculates the square of a number.
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C programs are composed of six types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, special symbols, and operators. Keywords are reserved words that serve as building blocks for statements and cannot be used as names. Identifiers name variables, functions, and arrays and must begin with a letter. Constants represent fixed values and come in numeric, character, and string forms. Special symbols include braces, parentheses, and brackets that indicate code blocks, function calls, and arrays. Operators perform arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logic, and other operations.
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This document provides an overview of variables, data types, operators, and expressions in C programming. It covers C's character set and tokens. It describes the different data types like integer, floating point, character, and string. It also discusses variables, declarations, definitions, and user-defined types. The document outlines the various operators in C including arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement, bitwise, assignment, and conditional operators. It explains type conversions, both implicit and explicit, in expressions. Finally, it covers operator precedence and associativity rules for evaluating expressions in C.
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This document appears to be a student project submission for a post graduate diploma in information technology. It contains two questions and answers involving C programming. Question 1 involves accepting integer values from the user, sorting an array in ascending order, calculating the sum of odd values and number of even values. Question 2 involves reading from a file passed as a command line argument, displaying each word on a new line, counting vowels, occurrences of "the", and copying the file contents to a new file. The code provided implements the specified tasks for each question.
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1. The document provides instructions for 6 programming assignments involving functions and pointers in C. The assignments include writing functions to calculate circle area and perimeter, calculating student marks across subjects, computing the Fibonacci sequence recursively, printing variable values and addresses, dynamically allocating memory for student data, and creating and manipulating a student data structure. The assignments must be completed by the following week's lab sessions.
UNIT 4-HEADER FILES IN C
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2. The math.h header file contains common mathematical functions like sqrt, exp, log, pow, etc. The ctype.h header file contains functions for character classification and conversion like isalpha, isdigit, toupper, tolower.
3. Important functions in stdio.h include printf, scanf for input/output, and fopen, fclose for file handling. Functions in stdlib.h include malloc and free for memory management.
Function in c
This ppt shows types of functions, arguments, function prototype, actual parameters and formal parameters, calling function, call by value, recursion.
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C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix operating system. It was first implemented on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in 1972.
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Variadic functions
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Memory allocation in c
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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