This document discusses how to use ChatGPT, an AI tool created by OpenAI, to assist with research and writing in an ethical manner. It defines ChatGPT and related terms like generative AI and large language models. It provides tips for how ChatGPT can help with tasks like generating research questions and outlining papers. However, it also notes potential issues like errors, bias, missing information, and plagiarism that require careful consideration when using ChatGPT. It emphasizes using information literacy skills to verify facts from ChatGPT and treating any AI-generated text as a personal communication if included without substantial changes.

1. Artificial Intelligence:
How to practically and ethically make programs like ChatGPT a
part of your research & writing toolkit

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What is ChatGPT (And What it Isn’t)

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Definitions :
• Chat GPT (Generative Pre-trained
Transformer)
• A specific tool that answers prompts
• OpenAI
• The view that AI technology should be available and
accessible for as many people as possible.
• GenerativeAI
• Umbrella term for algorithms that can generate text, audio,
speech, writing, and images
• Large Language Model
• Specific algorithms that predict and create text based on
huge amounts of data

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Distinctions:
• Chat GPT is a particular tool
among many, and not the only
kind
• LLMs are not sentient, thinking
technologies.
• Autocomplete on steroids
• AI tools are not search engines.
• ChatGPT can be wrong, and it
is frequently.
• When LLMs make things up, we
call that a hallucination.

5. Google Bard -- Produced by Google.
BlenderBot -- Produced By Meta, the parent
company of Facebook
Bing -- Produced by Microsoft.
Popular AI Tools (So Far)
ChatGPT -- Produced by OpenAI.

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How Can You Partner With Generative AI?

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• Use ChatGPT to help you generate research questions
• You might know that you’re interested in researching burnout in Nursing, but there are many ways of
exploring that topic. Ask ChatGPT for research questions related to this topic.
• Partner with ChatGPT to develop an outline of your paper.
• Use ChatGPT to make sense of research
• Enter text, and ChatGPT will paraphrase it.
• Works as a tool to help understand technical
language
• ChatGPT can be an excellent tool for English
Language Learners
24/7 Study Buddy

8. Become a Prompt Engineer
ChatGPT can help you consider other
questions and angles regarding a
research topic. Here are just a handful
you might ask:
• Which industries are most
impacted by my research
question?
• Are there important historical
milestones regarding my
research question?
• Are there key figures involved
in my research question?
• Which geographical areas are
most impacted by my research
question?
• Can you list pro/con arguments
about my research question?

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ChatGPT is a powerful tool primarily because it is very receptive to
a variety of inputs. You can be very specific in your requests, and
you can provide important context
• Ask for a specific style—scholarly, concise, verbose, etc.
• Ask to remove jargon
• Ask to avoid passive voice
• Use simple sentences
• Ask ChatGPT to write like a scholar
• Ask it to describe an issue as if it were talking to a child
• Ask it to write like an economist, a sociologist, an
educator, etc.
Tips
Making the most out of your new research assistant
Chat GPT and the power of iteration

10. Current Concerns that Require Mindful Use

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Errors
False Citations
• Very simply, ChatGPT can be factually
wrong
• ChatGPT is not a search engine
• When ChatGPT makes up facts, we call this
a hallucination
• It is important to approach information
skeptically, and to use information literacy
skills to ensure accuracy
• ChatGPT sometimes generates false
citations that can be very convincing.
• The library has already seen students
use ChatGPT to generate citations,
then get frustrated when it turns out
the citations are not real.
• If ChatGPT gives you a citation, be sure
to verify it by looking in the library
catalog or Google Scholar
Bomer, R., & Strahan, D. (2017). Information
Literacy and Inner-City High School Students:
A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Research
on Libraries andYoungAdults, 8(1), 1-19.

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Bias
• ChatGPT and other tools are just another tool in your
toolbox, but they often are missing voices, perspectives,
sources, and angles.
• Large Language Models—like ChatGPT—have capped
datasets, which usually end in 2021.That means very
current perspectives will not be included.
• They will not replace critical thinking and creative
engagement with your topic—they will only complement
it!
• Chat GPT gets information from human-
made sources.These sources
are always biased.Therefore, ChatGPT is
biased by the information it's trained on.
• Biases can be very troubling—such as
those that highlight
discriminatory, racist, or bigoted
attitudes.
• Biases can also privilege certain kinds or
sources of information.
Missing or Incomplete
Information

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Generative AI and Plagiarism

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Plagiarism and ChatGPT
If you didn’t write it, you need to cite it
• If you are in doubt, you should cite. If you have used ChatGPT or a
similar tool extensively in the research or preparation of a paper, you
should explicitly say how.
• Librarians and the Writing Center are here to help!
• Academic Success Center
• Be sure to communicate with your professors about any questions or
concerns. As we navigate new technologies, communication, clear
expectations and accountability are key.

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If you didn't write it
cite it
• None of the major style guides have published
guidance about how to cite AI generated content.
• It is recommended that, for APA, you treat AI
generated text as personal communication, since it
is nonrecoverable and unique.
• In-text citation:
• Format: (Communicator, personal
communication, Month Day,Year)
• Applied: (Paraphrase from OpenAI's ChatGPTAI
language model, personal communication,
February 7, 2023).
• Do not add personal communication to reference
list