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Narrative Theory
By Chris Bailey
Hero
• The hero is usually the main character in a story. This character will be followed throughout the story, until
the end when they achieve what the aimed for, such as winning the princess or prize. The hero tends to
have advanced characteristics over the other characters, such as being smart, strong and witty. This allows
them to defeat their villain that is their enemy towards the end of the story.
• In my story there are arguably 2 potential heroes. One being the hunter, who catches the wolf at the end
and frees Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother, and the other being Little Red Riding Hood herself,
who journeyed to bring her sick grandmother items to make her well, and who filled the wolfs stomach up
with stones to stop him from running away. In my opinion, the hunter is the Hero, as without him, Little
Red Riding Hood and her grandmother would not have been saved, where as the actions Little Red Riding
Hood made after she was freed had no effective consequences on the books ending.
• An example of a hero from another story line is Maverick from TopGun. Maverick is a U.S Navy fighter pilot
at a flight academy amongst some of the best fighter pilots in the United States Military called “TopGun”.
The film follows Maverick through his intense fight to become best the best and most respected pilot,
similar to his father, but also his aim to win over the woman he falls in love with. The ending includes the
winning of both prize and princess in story terms.
Villain
• The villain in a story is usually lightly followed throughout the film in solo terms, most direct contact with
the villain is through the hero, especially towards the ending of the story. There is always a dispute
between the hero and the villain, this if often surrounding the prize or princess at the end of a particular
story. If the hero and villain aren’t fighting for the same circumstance, then they are usually fighting for
direct opposites. Such as one to destroy humanity and one to save it.
• In my story the hero is the hunter, and the villain is definitely the wolf. My story contradicts the usual
consistent flow of contact with the hero as he only appears towards the end when he is really needed, and
defies the low amount of contact with the wolf, as the wolf is equally as significant as Little Red Riding
Hood in the story. The wolfs aim is to eat Little Red Riding Hoods grandmother, and then Little Red Riding
Hood herself. He does this by tricking Little Red Riding Hood, and then the grandmother, and then Little
Red Riding Hood again.
• An example of a villain from another story is the T-1000 terminator from the hit movie's) “Terminator”. T-
1000 is a disguised shape shifting metallic police officer, who’s aim is to kill John Connor, to change the
course of history, in favour of the bad guys.
The Princess/Prize
• The princess/prize is the reward at the end of a story, usually earned and gained by the hero. The Princess
is obviously regarding winning over the princess after saving the town from the evil dragon
(stereotypically). And the prize can be a variety of rewards, such as riches, freedom or the sword of destiny
and many more possibilities. The prize is often not revealed visually until the end of a story, in order to
build intensity around the reward and its value.
• The princess/prize in my story was the moral reward of the hunter protecting the town from the
dangerous wolf that liked to eat people. Rather than a physical reward such as riches or the damsel in
distress. The town ended up safe with many lives potentially saved due to the wolf becoming an obsolete
danger.
• An example of a princess/prize in another story is when hero- Gerry Lane (Brad Pitt) saves the world and
returns to his wife and children. This came after risking his own life by injecting himself with a potential
cure based on highly uneven odds that if correct, would save all of humanity. In the end the unlabeled
injection was the cure and he and humanity lived happily ever after.
Donor
• The donor is a character in a story who provides the hero with something that assists them when reaching
for their goal. For example the donor may give the hero the “Wand of Wisdom” or the “Apocalyptic Axe”.
Something that is powerful and useful to the hero in their challenges. The donor doesn’t always give a
physical item, it can often be something such as a location or simply an idea. Such as where the dragon
lives, in the “Deep Dark Cave Of Fiery Doom”.
• The donor character type was not directly applicable to my storyline. This is due to there being no
particular character that fits that role. The role of the donor is to help the hero is his aim, but the hero (the
hunter) in my story was not assisted by anyone, he simply completed the task on his own. The donor role
fits in with the donation of the basket of treats that are given to little red riding hood, in order to be
passed on to her grandmother. The donation did not directly assist the hunter in killing the wolf, but
without little red delivering the basket, the wolf would have never struck at that location which would
mean the hunter would not have been able to catch the wolf. The hunter has obviously been hunting for
the wolf because he says “Finally I have found you, Evil Mr. Wolf!”. Showing that the hunter completed his
mission due to the events caused by the delivery of the treat basket to the grandmother.
• An example of a donor in another storyline is Obi Wan Kenobi. Obi gives Luke Skywalker the Lightsaber
that allows him to begin his Jedi training process. Without the light saber Luke would not have been able
to become a Jedi, as they need the saber.
The Helper
• The helper is someone that helps the hero at moments when it is critical. This could be in many forms of
support, whether he uses his intelligence to out smart the enemy, or uses his large weight to hold the
enemy still whilst the hero fires flaming arrows at it. The helper often has only one useful quality, and can
be a potential hindrance at any other time.
• In my story book the helper, amongst other things, is Little red riding hood. When she is saved by the
hunter, she quickly gathers stones and fills the wolfs belly, to stop him from running away. This help means
that the hunter will have caught the wolf once and for all. Rather than simply saving Red and her
grandmother, and then having the wolf escape. Stopping the wolf also stops any future wolf attacks, or at
least by the wolf that attacked Red and her grandmother.
• An example of a helper from another storyline is ‘Benji Dunn’ (Simon Pegg). A British computer wiz who
has been recruited to assist Tom cruise (Ethan Hunt) in his escape from a Moscow prison. He continues to
work alongside Tom Cruise in his mission to infiltrate the Kremlin and infiltration of enemy facilities. The
helper, Simon Pegg, is clumsy and nervous, meaning that he can only be helpful when it is critical and
linked to his skill set. For example hacking the prison network or hotel elevators.
The Princesses Father
• The princesses father is always protective of the daughter. He will not want her to be won over by the
hero, and sometimes will have plans for her marriage to a man who is secretly evil or often the enemy of
the hero. The Hero has to convince the princesses father that he is worthy of having his daughter, this can
often be in the form of completing the mission that he is on, which will usually impress the father. Such
missions can include slaying a dragon or saving the daughter from the evil witches - for example.
• In my story there is no princesses father, due to there being no princess, or father involved in my story.
• An example of The Princesses Father in another storyline is how Stefan in ‘Maleficent’ aims to impress the
princesses father by pretending to kill Maleficent in order to become king and to marry the kings daughter.
The False Hero
• The false hero appears to act heroically usually at the beginning of a story, and will sometimes be mistaken
for the real hero by the audience or characters in the story. The false hero will often be befriended by the
princesses father, or come close to receiving the prize for his acts, which will have in fact been evil or
cheating. This could be by casting a love spell on the princess, which is obviously wrong to do. The hero
will usually be spurred on by the fact that the false hero is neck and neck if not closer to the reward than
himself, the real hero.
• There is only one evil enemy in my story and that is the wolf. The wolf tricks the grandmother into thinking
he is good, and she thinks the wolf is Little red. This could be seen as him being a false hero, as he claims
that he has a basket of treats to make her feel better, when in fact he just wants to eat her.
• An example of a false hero in another storyline is Liam Neesons Ex wifes husband, who pretends to care
about Liams daughter, when infact, it was the husband who caused the murder of Liams wife and he tried
to have Liam and the daughter killed for insurance fraud to save himself from people he owed money to.
The Dispatcher
• The dispatcher is the one who sends the hero on their quest, such as Master Shifu sending kung-fu panda
and the rest of the team to defeat the enemy who is attacking the town. The dispatcher will often send
the hero off in order to complete a task, which will then become very personal to the hero. The dispatcher
could send the hero on a quest that would lead to a reward that the hero wants severely, like marriage to
the princess or unlimited riches.
• No one dispatches the hero (the hunter) in my story. But the mother dispatches Little red riding hood, who
assists the hunter by luring the wolf (accidently) to the house, where he is caught by the hunter. The
mother is the only possible dispatcher as no other character that helps is dispatched.
• An example of a donor in another storyline is the UN Deputy Secretary-General who is a close friend of
Gerry in “World War Z”. The involves Gerry being sent on a dangerous mission, if he does not accept it,
then his family will be sent to a dangerous refugee camp on the mainland rather than the safety of the
aircraft carrier they are staying on. Whilst on the mission Gerry discovers the cause and the cure for the
zombie outbreak, saving humanity from the outbreak.

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Narrative Theory Roles Explained

  • 2. Hero • The hero is usually the main character in a story. This character will be followed throughout the story, until the end when they achieve what the aimed for, such as winning the princess or prize. The hero tends to have advanced characteristics over the other characters, such as being smart, strong and witty. This allows them to defeat their villain that is their enemy towards the end of the story. • In my story there are arguably 2 potential heroes. One being the hunter, who catches the wolf at the end and frees Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother, and the other being Little Red Riding Hood herself, who journeyed to bring her sick grandmother items to make her well, and who filled the wolfs stomach up with stones to stop him from running away. In my opinion, the hunter is the Hero, as without him, Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother would not have been saved, where as the actions Little Red Riding Hood made after she was freed had no effective consequences on the books ending. • An example of a hero from another story line is Maverick from TopGun. Maverick is a U.S Navy fighter pilot at a flight academy amongst some of the best fighter pilots in the United States Military called “TopGun”. The film follows Maverick through his intense fight to become best the best and most respected pilot, similar to his father, but also his aim to win over the woman he falls in love with. The ending includes the winning of both prize and princess in story terms.
  • 3. Villain • The villain in a story is usually lightly followed throughout the film in solo terms, most direct contact with the villain is through the hero, especially towards the ending of the story. There is always a dispute between the hero and the villain, this if often surrounding the prize or princess at the end of a particular story. If the hero and villain aren’t fighting for the same circumstance, then they are usually fighting for direct opposites. Such as one to destroy humanity and one to save it. • In my story the hero is the hunter, and the villain is definitely the wolf. My story contradicts the usual consistent flow of contact with the hero as he only appears towards the end when he is really needed, and defies the low amount of contact with the wolf, as the wolf is equally as significant as Little Red Riding Hood in the story. The wolfs aim is to eat Little Red Riding Hoods grandmother, and then Little Red Riding Hood herself. He does this by tricking Little Red Riding Hood, and then the grandmother, and then Little Red Riding Hood again. • An example of a villain from another story is the T-1000 terminator from the hit movie's) “Terminator”. T- 1000 is a disguised shape shifting metallic police officer, who’s aim is to kill John Connor, to change the course of history, in favour of the bad guys.
  • 4. The Princess/Prize • The princess/prize is the reward at the end of a story, usually earned and gained by the hero. The Princess is obviously regarding winning over the princess after saving the town from the evil dragon (stereotypically). And the prize can be a variety of rewards, such as riches, freedom or the sword of destiny and many more possibilities. The prize is often not revealed visually until the end of a story, in order to build intensity around the reward and its value. • The princess/prize in my story was the moral reward of the hunter protecting the town from the dangerous wolf that liked to eat people. Rather than a physical reward such as riches or the damsel in distress. The town ended up safe with many lives potentially saved due to the wolf becoming an obsolete danger. • An example of a princess/prize in another story is when hero- Gerry Lane (Brad Pitt) saves the world and returns to his wife and children. This came after risking his own life by injecting himself with a potential cure based on highly uneven odds that if correct, would save all of humanity. In the end the unlabeled injection was the cure and he and humanity lived happily ever after.
  • 5. Donor • The donor is a character in a story who provides the hero with something that assists them when reaching for their goal. For example the donor may give the hero the “Wand of Wisdom” or the “Apocalyptic Axe”. Something that is powerful and useful to the hero in their challenges. The donor doesn’t always give a physical item, it can often be something such as a location or simply an idea. Such as where the dragon lives, in the “Deep Dark Cave Of Fiery Doom”. • The donor character type was not directly applicable to my storyline. This is due to there being no particular character that fits that role. The role of the donor is to help the hero is his aim, but the hero (the hunter) in my story was not assisted by anyone, he simply completed the task on his own. The donor role fits in with the donation of the basket of treats that are given to little red riding hood, in order to be passed on to her grandmother. The donation did not directly assist the hunter in killing the wolf, but without little red delivering the basket, the wolf would have never struck at that location which would mean the hunter would not have been able to catch the wolf. The hunter has obviously been hunting for the wolf because he says “Finally I have found you, Evil Mr. Wolf!”. Showing that the hunter completed his mission due to the events caused by the delivery of the treat basket to the grandmother. • An example of a donor in another storyline is Obi Wan Kenobi. Obi gives Luke Skywalker the Lightsaber that allows him to begin his Jedi training process. Without the light saber Luke would not have been able to become a Jedi, as they need the saber.
  • 6. The Helper • The helper is someone that helps the hero at moments when it is critical. This could be in many forms of support, whether he uses his intelligence to out smart the enemy, or uses his large weight to hold the enemy still whilst the hero fires flaming arrows at it. The helper often has only one useful quality, and can be a potential hindrance at any other time. • In my story book the helper, amongst other things, is Little red riding hood. When she is saved by the hunter, she quickly gathers stones and fills the wolfs belly, to stop him from running away. This help means that the hunter will have caught the wolf once and for all. Rather than simply saving Red and her grandmother, and then having the wolf escape. Stopping the wolf also stops any future wolf attacks, or at least by the wolf that attacked Red and her grandmother. • An example of a helper from another storyline is ‘Benji Dunn’ (Simon Pegg). A British computer wiz who has been recruited to assist Tom cruise (Ethan Hunt) in his escape from a Moscow prison. He continues to work alongside Tom Cruise in his mission to infiltrate the Kremlin and infiltration of enemy facilities. The helper, Simon Pegg, is clumsy and nervous, meaning that he can only be helpful when it is critical and linked to his skill set. For example hacking the prison network or hotel elevators.
  • 7. The Princesses Father • The princesses father is always protective of the daughter. He will not want her to be won over by the hero, and sometimes will have plans for her marriage to a man who is secretly evil or often the enemy of the hero. The Hero has to convince the princesses father that he is worthy of having his daughter, this can often be in the form of completing the mission that he is on, which will usually impress the father. Such missions can include slaying a dragon or saving the daughter from the evil witches - for example. • In my story there is no princesses father, due to there being no princess, or father involved in my story. • An example of The Princesses Father in another storyline is how Stefan in ‘Maleficent’ aims to impress the princesses father by pretending to kill Maleficent in order to become king and to marry the kings daughter.
  • 8. The False Hero • The false hero appears to act heroically usually at the beginning of a story, and will sometimes be mistaken for the real hero by the audience or characters in the story. The false hero will often be befriended by the princesses father, or come close to receiving the prize for his acts, which will have in fact been evil or cheating. This could be by casting a love spell on the princess, which is obviously wrong to do. The hero will usually be spurred on by the fact that the false hero is neck and neck if not closer to the reward than himself, the real hero. • There is only one evil enemy in my story and that is the wolf. The wolf tricks the grandmother into thinking he is good, and she thinks the wolf is Little red. This could be seen as him being a false hero, as he claims that he has a basket of treats to make her feel better, when in fact he just wants to eat her. • An example of a false hero in another storyline is Liam Neesons Ex wifes husband, who pretends to care about Liams daughter, when infact, it was the husband who caused the murder of Liams wife and he tried to have Liam and the daughter killed for insurance fraud to save himself from people he owed money to.
  • 9. The Dispatcher • The dispatcher is the one who sends the hero on their quest, such as Master Shifu sending kung-fu panda and the rest of the team to defeat the enemy who is attacking the town. The dispatcher will often send the hero off in order to complete a task, which will then become very personal to the hero. The dispatcher could send the hero on a quest that would lead to a reward that the hero wants severely, like marriage to the princess or unlimited riches. • No one dispatches the hero (the hunter) in my story. But the mother dispatches Little red riding hood, who assists the hunter by luring the wolf (accidently) to the house, where he is caught by the hunter. The mother is the only possible dispatcher as no other character that helps is dispatched. • An example of a donor in another storyline is the UN Deputy Secretary-General who is a close friend of Gerry in “World War Z”. The involves Gerry being sent on a dangerous mission, if he does not accept it, then his family will be sent to a dangerous refugee camp on the mainland rather than the safety of the aircraft carrier they are staying on. Whilst on the mission Gerry discovers the cause and the cure for the zombie outbreak, saving humanity from the outbreak.