Predictions of Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) petroleum soure rocks in the North Atlantic region (eastern Canada and the North Sea / northwest Europe), bsaed on plate tectonic and paleoceanographic reconstructions.
An Outline of Jose Rizal's Life (Jose Rizal's Life, Works, and Writings)heythisisana default
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
1. CHAPTER V: AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (1877 – 82)
“ O Youth, illuminated by the arts and letters.
Stride fourth into arena, break down the heavy
Fetters that bind your genius down, for in
These topic regions were untortured darkness
Once held sway, the wise and kindly Spanish
Hand bestows today a splendid crown
Upon the native of, the Eastern land.”
-Jose Rizal
- 2 courses enrolled at UST
• Philsophyand Letters (1877 – 1878)
• Medicine
Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education
- Don Francisco and Paciano wanted Jose to pursue higher learning
- Dona Teodora opposed this
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 01
A RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY
- April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered University of Santo Tomas
2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters
• His father liked it
• He was not sure what career to pursue
FATHER PABLO RAMON - Rector of the Ateneo, Rizal asked for advice on the choice of
career
Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy
He took up a medical course 1878-1879 because;
• he followed AteneoRector’s advice
• wanted to be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 02
A FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878
- He took a vocational course in Ateneo during his first term in UST
- The course lead to the title peritoagrimensor(expert surveyor)
- He passed the final examination at the age of 17
- He was granted the title on November 25, 1881
- His loyalty to Ateneocontinued
President of the Academy of Spanish Literature
Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
Secretary of the Marian Congregation
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 03
2. ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
- SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
14 yr. old Batanguena and engaged to Manuel Luz
- “MISS L”
A girl with seductive eyes
The romance died a natural death because:
• The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart
• His father did not like the family of “Miss L”
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 04
A - LEONOR VALENZUELA
Daughter of Capitan Juan and CapitanaSandayValenzuela, their neighbors who were from
Pagsanjan, Laguna
Her pet name was “Orang”
Rizal sent notes to her made with invisible ink (salt solution)
- LEONOR RIVERA
• Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros)
• Daughter of his landlord-uncle from Camiling, Antonio Rivera
• She was a student at La Concordia College, also the school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest
sister
• Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867
• She used the name “Taimis” in her letters to Rizal
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 05
A VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY
- Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878. Calamba
- He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognize the latter
- Insulted, the lieutenant slashed Jose’s back with his sword
- Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor general, but no resolution was
done because of racial discrimination
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 06
A TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)
-Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artisitic- Literary Lyceum)
- Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina(To the Filipino
Youth)
- The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon decorated silver pen was given to Rizal
- In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly
swifter than the wind and descend with art science to break the chains that have long bound the
spirit of the people.
- The poem is a classic. Two reasons:
3. • It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized
by Spanish literary authorities
• It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos, and not the
foreigners were the “fair hope of the Fatherland.”
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 07
A THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880)
Another literary contest by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth centennial
of the death of Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.
Manuel De Cervantes – Spain’s glorified man of letter
- Rizal submitted an allegorical drama,El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
- The allegory was based on Greek classics
- Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in securing the needed reference materials
- The contest was participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and scholars.
- Rizal won the first price; he received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.
- D.N. Del Puzo – a Spanish writer won the 2nd price
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 08
A OTHER LITERARY WORKS
1879: Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
A poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of the
Ateneo’sPatroness
1880: Junto al Pasig(Beside the Pasig)
A zarzuela, staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the Immaculate
Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President of the Academy of Spanish
Literature
1880: A Filipinas
A sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors
Rizal urged all Filipino artist to glorify the Philippines
1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon
A poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneorector
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 09
A RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN
May 1881 - Jose, along with his sisters Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went
on a pilgrimate to Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
- They boarded a casco(a flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna
- They stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend
in Manila
- The company witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the
miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores
- Rizal was infatuated by VicentaYbardolaza
She was skillful in playing the harp at the Regalado home
- Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two reasons
• It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
• To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls
4. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 10
A CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
- There were frequent student brawls between the Filipinos and the Spaniards
- 1880: Rizal founded Companerismo(Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”.
- He was the chief of the society.
- His cousin, GalicanoApacible was the secretary.
- In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the head.Hisfriends brought him to Casa
Tomasinawhere Leonor Rivera took care of him.
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 11
A UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican institution because:
• The Dominican professors were hostile to him
• The Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards
• The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
He failed to win high scholastic honors due to the attitude of his professors.
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 12
A DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth year of his medical course.
The people who approved this are the following:
• His older brother Paciano
• His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia
• Uncle Antonio Rivera
• The Valenzuela family
• Some friends
The people who did not know of his decision are the following:
• Rizal’s parents
• Leonor Rivera
• Spanish authorities