Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of software work products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the software development process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they are enormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code.
Testing throughout the software life cycle & statistic techniquesNovika Damai Yanti
CATEGORIES OF TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) approaches to test case design are useful, and list the common techniques for each. (K1)
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of software work products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the software development process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they are enormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code.
Testing throughout the software life cycle & statistic techniquesNovika Damai Yanti
CATEGORIES OF TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) approaches to test case design are useful, and list the common techniques for each. (K1)
This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overviewof how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of softwarework products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the softwaredevelopment process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they areenormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors.Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but allsoftware organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work includingrequirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implementautomated checks, e.g. on code
YAHDI SANDRA
11453104752
Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
http://sif.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://fst.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://www.uin-suska.ac.id/
Topics: Reviews and the test process, Types of review, static analysis
To know more about
Offer- http://mazenet-chennai.in/mazenet-offers.html
Syllabus- http://www.mazenet-chennai.in/software-testing-training-in-chennai.html
Slide share: http://www.slideshare.net/mazenet_solution/presentations
For more events- http://mazenet-chennai.in/mazenet-events.html
All videos- https://www.youtube.com/c/Mazenetsolution
Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/Mazenet.IT.Solution/
Twitter- https://twitter.com/Maze_net
Mail us : marketing@mazenetsolution.com
Contact: 9629728714
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overviewof how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of softwarework products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the softwaredevelopment process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they areenormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors.Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but allsoftware organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work includingrequirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implementautomated checks, e.g. on code
YAHDI SANDRA
11453104752
Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
http://sif.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://fst.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://www.uin-suska.ac.id/
Topics: Reviews and the test process, Types of review, static analysis
To know more about
Offer- http://mazenet-chennai.in/mazenet-offers.html
Syllabus- http://www.mazenet-chennai.in/software-testing-training-in-chennai.html
Slide share: http://www.slideshare.net/mazenet_solution/presentations
For more events- http://mazenet-chennai.in/mazenet-events.html
All videos- https://www.youtube.com/c/Mazenetsolution
Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/Mazenet.IT.Solution/
Twitter- https://twitter.com/Maze_net
Mail us : marketing@mazenetsolution.com
Contact: 9629728714
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development.
This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted
Software testing for project report .pdfKamal Acharya
Methods of Software Testing There are two basic methods of performing software testing: 1. Manual testing 2. Automated testing Manual Software Testing As the name would imply, manual software testing is the process of an individual or individuals manually testing software. This can take the form of navigating user interfaces, submitting information, or even trying to hack the software or underlying database. As one might presume, manual software testing is labor-intensive and slow.
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. In simple words, testing is executing a system in order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual requirements.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Chapter Three Static Techniques
1. Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim
Riau
ELVIRA MUNANDA
2. CHAPTER THREE
Static techniques
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the
quality and productivity of software development. This chapter
describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an
overview of how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of
static testing is to improve the quality of software work products by
assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the
software development process. While static testing techniques will not
solve all the problems, they are enormously effective. Static techniques
can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static
testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for
dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using
reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements,
design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools
implement automated checks, e.g. on code.
3. REVIEWS AND THE TEST PROCESS
1 Recognize software work products that can be examined by different static
techniques. (K1)
2 Describe the importance and value of considering static techniques for the assessment
of software work products. (K2)
3 Explain the difference between static and dynamic techniques. (K2)
In Chapter 1, several testing terms were presented. Also testing itself was defined.
The latter definition is repeated here as a means for explaining the two major types of testing.
The definition of testing outlines objectives that relate to evaluation, revealing defects and
quality. As indicated in the definition two approaches can be used to achieve these objectives,
static testing and dynamic testing.
With dynamic testing methods, software is executed using a set of input values and its
output is then examined and compared to what is expected. During static testing, software
work products are examined manually, or with a set of tools, but not executed. As a
consequence, dynamic testing can only be applied to software code. Dynamic execution is
applied as a technique to detect defects and to determine quality attributes of the code. This
testing option is not applicable for the majority of the software work products. Among the
questions that arise are: How can we evaluate or analyze a requirements document, a design
document, a test plan, or a user manual? How can we effectively pre-examine the source code
before execution? One powerful technique that can be used is static testing, e.g. reviews. In
principle all software work products can be tested using review techniques.
4. Dynamic testing and static testing are complementary methods, as they tend to find
different types of defects effectively and efficiently. Types of defects that are easier to find
during static testing are: deviations from standards, missing requirements, design defects, non-
maintainable code and inconsistent interface specifications. Note that in contrast to dynamic
testing, static testing finds defects rather than failures.
In addition to finding defects, the objectives of reviews are often also informational,
communicational and educational, whereby participants learn about the content of software
work products to help them understand the role of their own work and to plan for future stages
of development. Reviews often represent project milestones, and support the establishment of
a baseline for a software product. The type and quantity of defects found during reviews can
also help testers focus their testing and select effective classes of tests. In some cases
customers/users attend the review meeting and provide feedback to the development team, so
reviews are also a means of customer/user communication.
5. Studies have shown that as a result of reviews, a significant increase in productivity
and product quality can be achieved [Gilb and Graham, 1993], [van Veenendaal, 1999].
Reducing the number of defects early in the product life cycle also means that less time has to
be spent on testing and maintenance. To summarize, the use of static testing, e.g. reviews, on
software work products has various advantages:
Since static testing can start early in the life cycle, early feedback on quality issues can
be established, e.g. an early validation of user requirements and not just late in the life
cycle during acceptance testing.
By detecting defects at an early stage, rework costs are most often relatively low and
thus a relatively cheap improvement of the quality of software products can be
achieved.
Since rework effort is substantially reduced, development productivity figures are likely
to increase.
The evaluation by a team has the additional advantage that there is an exchange of
information between the participants.
Static tests contribute to an increased awareness of quality issues.
In conclusion, static testing is a very suitable method for improving the quality of
software work products. This applies primarily to the assessed products themselves, but it is
also important that the quality improvement is not achieved once but has a more structural
character. The feedback from the static testing process to the development process allows for
process improvement, which supports the avoidance of similar errors being made in the future.
6. REVIEW PROCESS
1 Recall the phases, roles and responsibilities of a typical formal review. (K1)
2 Explain the differences between different types of review: informal review, technical
review, walkthrough and inspection. (K2)
3 Explain the factors for successful performance of reviews. (K2)
Reviews vary from very informal to formal (i.e. well structured and regulated).
Although inspection is perhaps the most documented and formal review technique, it is
certainly not the only one. The formality of a review process is related to factors such as the
maturity of the development process, any legal or regulatory requirements or the need for an
audit trail. In practice the informal review is perhaps the most common type of review. Informal
reviews are applied at various times during the early stages in the life cycle of a document. A
two-person team can conduct an informal review, as the author can ask a colleague to review a
document or code. In later stages these reviews often involve more people and a meeting. This
normally involves peers of the author, who try to find defects in the document under review and
discuss these defects in a review meeting. The goal is to help the author and to improve the
quality of the document. Informal reviews come in various shapes and forms, but all have one
characteristic in common – they are not documented.
7. Phases of a formal review
In contrast to informal reviews, formal reviews follow a formal process. A typical formal
review process consists of six main steps:
1 Planning
2 Kick-off
3 Preparation
4 Review meeting
5 Rework
6 Follow-up.
Planning
The review process for a particular review begins with a 'request for review' by the
author to the moderator (or inspection leader). A moderator is often assigned to take care of
the scheduling (dates, time, place and invitation) of the review. On a project level, the project
planning needs to allow time for review and rework activities, thus providing engineers with
time to thoroughly participate in reviews. For more formal reviews, e.g. inspections, the
moderator always performs an entry check and defines at this stage formal exit criteria. The
entry check is carried out to ensure that the reviewers' time is not wasted on a document that is
not ready for review. A document containing too many obvious mistakes is clearly not ready to
enter a formal review process and it could even be very harmful to the review process. It would
possibly de-motivate both reviewers and the author. Also, the review is most likely not effective
because the numerous obvious and minor defects will conceal the major defects.
8. Kick-off
An optional step in a review procedure is a kick-off meeting. The goal of this meeting
is to get everybody on the same wavelength regarding the document under review and to
commit to the time that will be spent on checking. Also the result of the entry check and
defined exit criteria are discussed in case of a more formal review. In general a kick-off is highly
recommended since there is a strong positive effect of a kick-off meeting on the motivation of
reviewers and thus the effectiveness of the review process. At customer sites, we have
measured results up to 70% more major defects found per page as a result of performing a
kick-off, [van Veenendaal and van der Zwan, 2000]
9. Preparation
The participants work individually on the document under review using the
related documents, procedures, rules and checklists provided. The individual participants
identify defects, questions and comments, according to their understanding of the
document and role. All issues are recorded, preferably using a logging form. Spelling
mistakes are recorded on the document under review but not mentioned during the
meeting. The annotated document will be given to the author at the end of the logging
meeting. Using checklists during this phase can make reviews more effective and efficient,
for example a specific checklist based on perspectives such as user, maintainer, tester or
operations, or a checklist for typical coding problems.
10. Review meeting
The meeting typically consists of the following elements (partly depending on the
review type): logging phase, discussion phase and decision phase.
During the logging phase the issues, e.g. defects, that have been identified during the
preparation are mentioned page by page, reviewer by reviewer and are logged either by the
author or by a scribe. A separate person to do the logging (a scribe) is especially useful for
formal review types such as an inspection. To ensure progress and efficiency, no real discussion
is allowed during the logging phase. If an issue needs discussion, the item is logged and then
handled in the discussion phase. A detailed discussion on whether or not an issue is a defect is
not very meaningful, as it is much more efficient to simply log it and proceed to the next one.
Furthermore, in spite of the opinion of the team, a discussed and discarded defect may well turn
out to be a real one during rework.
11. Every defect and its severity should be logged. The participant who identifies the
defect proposes the severity. Severity classes could be:
Critical: defects will cause downstream damage; the scope and impact of the defect is
beyond the document under inspection.
Major, defects could cause a downstream effect (e.g. a fault in a design can result in an error
in the implementation).
Minor, defects are not likely to cause downstream damage (e.g. non-compli ance with the
standards and templates).
12. Rework
Based on the defects detected, the author will improve the document under review
step by step. Not every defect that is found leads to rework. It is the author's responsibility to
judge if a defect has to be fixed. If nothing is done about an issue for a certain reason, it should
be reported to at least indicate that the author has considered the issue.
Changes that are made to the document should be easy to identify during follow-up. Therefore
the author has to indicate where changes are made (e.g. using 'Track changes' in word-
processing software).
13. Follow-up
The moderator is responsible for ensuring that satisfactory actions have been taken on
all (logged) defects, process improvement suggestions and change requests. Although the
moderator checks to make sure that the author has taken action on all known defects, it is not
necessary for the moderator to check all the corrections in detail. If it is decided that all
participants will check the updated document, the moderator takes care of the distribution and
collects the feedback. For more formal review types the moderator checks for compliance to the
exit criteria.
In order to control and optimize the review process, a number of measurements are
collected by the moderator at each step of the process. Examples of such measurements include
number of defects found, number of defects found per page, time spent checking per page,
total review effort, etc. It is the responsibility of the moderator to ensure that the information is
correct and stored for future analysis.