This document discusses the system design process for a budget control management system. It covers analyzing requirements, designing goals such as usability, compatibility, and security. Database design including normalization is explained. The entity relationship diagram and normalization process are defined. Form and report design, testing procedures including unit, integration and system testing are outlined. Documentation of the system is also discussed.
Software Architecture Standard IEEE 1471vconovalov
This presentation covers the IEEE 1471/4210 Architecture Standard for the Software Intensive System. Following areas such as Stakeholders and their concerns, Architecture Description and System Qualities Attributes were mainly addressed. The audience consisted of Development leads, developers & testers. Hope other disciplines such as Architects and Business Analysts will find it useful as well.
Software design is a critical phase in the development of any software application, playing a pivotal role in its success and long-term sustainability.
Software Architecture Standard IEEE 1471vconovalov
This presentation covers the IEEE 1471/4210 Architecture Standard for the Software Intensive System. Following areas such as Stakeholders and their concerns, Architecture Description and System Qualities Attributes were mainly addressed. The audience consisted of Development leads, developers & testers. Hope other disciplines such as Architects and Business Analysts will find it useful as well.
Software design is a critical phase in the development of any software application, playing a pivotal role in its success and long-term sustainability.
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software 'software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software
College information management system.docKamal Acharya
This project is aimed at developing a College Management Information System (CMIS) that is of importance to either an educational institution or a college. It is difficult to prepare the manual work to store the information about the all students, teachers as well as about workers. This system can be used as a knowledge/information management system for the college. So this project helps to store those type of information using computerized system.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software 'software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software software design is very crusial thing to manage therfore software
College information management system.docKamal Acharya
This project is aimed at developing a College Management Information System (CMIS) that is of importance to either an educational institution or a college. It is difficult to prepare the manual work to store the information about the all students, teachers as well as about workers. This system can be used as a knowledge/information management system for the college. So this project helps to store those type of information using computerized system.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
1. CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN 1.
INTRODUCTION OF DESIGN:
We all know that one of the most crucial stages of software development is analysis and design.
The system designer must make thoughtful preparations and decisions. Planning how the various
components of the software will work together to accomplish the intended result is the process of
analyzing and developing software. During this chapter the researchers will discover these
subjects one by one: Analyzing phase, designing phase, design considerations, database design,
entity relationship diagram, ERD symbols, and types of relationships.
1.1 DESIGN GOALS
The flowing goals were kept in mind while designing the system:
Make system easy and flexible for users: End users who aren’t programmers should be apple
to have an extreme amount of control over their purposes, this could be used efficiently and
system could act as catalyst in achieving objectives.
Make the system compatible: it should fit in the total integrated system, future maintenance
an enhancement must less.
Efficiency: It is generally considered to be the most important. Given a piece of hardware on
which the system will run and a piece of software to run it, the design should make full and
efficient use of the facilities provided. The users should interact with the system without any
delay.
Integrity: this means that the system should be accurate as possible. The problem of preserving
the integrity of data can be viewed at a number of levels. At a low level, it concerns ensuring
that the data are not corrupted by hardware or software errors. At higher level, the problem of
preserving integrity concerns maintaining and accurate representation ofthe real world.
Extensibility: New capabilities can be added to the system without major changes to the
underlying architecture.
Fault-tolerance: The system is resistant to and able to recover from component failure.
2. Modularity: the resulting system comprises well defined, independent components. That leads
to better maintainability. The components could be then implemented and tested in isolation
before being integrated to form a desire system.
Reliability: The system is able to perform a required function under stated conditions for a
specified period of time.
Reusability: the system is able to add further features and modification with slight or no
modification.
Security: The system, once loaded, should be safe from physical corruption whether from
hardware or software failure or from unauthorized access. This is a general requirement of the
most systems.
4.2 User Interface Design
Interface design is the process of defining how the system will interact with the external
entities “system users or other systems”. It describes the layout of the pages and the flow of
events, and is also concerned with where and how data are represented on the pages.
However, in a User Interface Design, the needs, experience, and capabilities of the system users
must be taken into account. In addition, the designers should be aware of users’ physical and
mental limitations.
1.2 DATABASE DESIGN: Design for database hierarchy for using MYSQL server with
relational database management system Provides minimum search times when locating specific
records. That will provide Stores data in the most efficient manner possible to keep the
database from
Growing too large, makes data updates as easy as possible and creating more flexible
3. 1.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD) ER diagram An entity-relationship (ER) diagram is a
specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database. ERD
show entities in a database and relationships between tables within that database. It is
essential to have one of these if you want to create a good database design. The patterns help
focus on how the database actually works with all of the interactions and data flows, although
another useful tool is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) which more directly describes this. ERD is a
detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations and data elements for an
organization or business. ERD is a graphical modeling tool to standardize ER modeling; the
modeling can be carried out with the help of pictorial representation of entities, attributes and
relationships
4. 5.3.1 De-normalization of entity relational diagram
Demoralization is the process of taking a normalized database and modifying table structures to allow
controlled redundancy for increased database performance. Attempting to improve performance is the
only reason to ever denormalize a database. A denormalized database is not the same as a database
that has not been normalized. Denormalizing a database is the process of taking the level of
normalization within the
help of pictorial representation of entities, attributes and relationships
Un-normalized (UDF)
First Normal Form
(1NF)
Second Normal Form
(2NF)
Third Normal Form
(3NF)
Remove repeating groups
Remove practical
dependencies
Remove transitive
deficiencies
5. 5.3.2. Normalization
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database. This includes creating tables and
establishing relationships between those tables according to rules designed
Both to protect the data and to make the database more flexible by eliminating two factors:
redundancy and inconsistent dependency. Redundant data wastes disk space and creates
maintenance problems. If data that exists in more than one place must be changed, the data
must be changed inexactly the same way in all locations. Inconsistent dependencies can make
data difficult to access; the path to find the data may be missing.
Objectives of Normalizatio
Purpose of normalization
Normalization allows us to minimize insert, update, and delete anomalies and help maintain
data consistency in the database.
To avoid redundancy by sorting each fact within the database only once
To put data into the form that is more able to accurately accommodate change
To avoid certain updating "anomalies"
To facilitate the enforcement of data constraint
To avoid unnecessary coding.
1.4 THE DATA DICTIONAR
Data dictionary, or data repository, is central store house of information about System’s data.
We will use it to collect, document, and organize specific facts about system include the data
flows, data stores, external entities, and processes. The data dictionary also defines and
describes all data elements and meaningful combinations of data element
Design forms and Reports
6. The most effective method of offline data entry is a form filling, in which a blank form that
duplicates or resembles the source document is completed on the screen. The user enters the
data and then moves to the next field. The form can have many control features such as menu
bars, toolbars, dialog boxes, text boxes, command buttons, list boxes, scrollbars, drop-down,
group boxes, check boxes, and more others. Data so that additions deletions and Modification
of Files can be made in just one table and them propagated though the rest of database using
the defined relationships.
Figure: Login Button
9. CHAPTER FIVE
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
5.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will highlight the implementation and operation part of the Budget Control
management system. Design phase was discussed that is translated into code. PHP & MySQL
was the programming language used to implement the system. The implementation phase
affects coding, testing and maintenance deeply. A well written code reduces the testing and
maintenance efforts. The remaining of this chapter discusses the followings: - Coding Phase:-
Test System Implementation: -Development Testing: -Release Testing: -User Instruction: -
Developing User Manuals and Summary.
7.2 TYPES OF TESTING A. Unit testing
The testing of individual program or module is called unit testing. The objective is to identify and
eliminate execution errors that could cause the program to terminate abnormally, and errors that could
have been missed during the checking. B. Integration testing Testing two or more programs that depend
on each other is called integration testing, or link testing. C. System testing After completing integration
testing, system testing will performed, which involves the entire information. A system test includes all
typical processing situations and is intended to assure users, developers. During system testing, user
enter data including samples of actual, or live, data, perform queries, and produce report to simulate
actual operating condition.
7.3 DOCUMENTATION
Documentation describes an information system and helps the users who must interact with it. Accurate
documentation can reduce system downtime, cut cost, and speed up maintenance task. Documentation
is essential for successful system operation and maintenance. In addition to supporting a system’s users,
accurate documentation is essential for developers who must modify the system, add new features or
perform maintenance