The document discusses the history and roles of the principal organs of the United Nations from 1942-1995. It provides reading questions about the Security Council, General Assembly, Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, and International Court of Justice. The questions cover their duties and responsibilities, changes over time, and challenges like financial difficulties. Peacekeeping missions in Korea, the Suez Canal Crisis, and Congo are evaluated. International economic cooperation through organizations like the IMF, World Bank, GATT, and WTO are also discussed, along with factors that could impact future international trade.

1. History 12
Readings and Questions from: Global Forces of the Twentieth Century: Chapter 9
The United Nations 1942-1995
The Security Council
1. How does the United Nations enforce its decisions?
2. Name and briefly explain the duties of each of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
3. Should every nation-state be given an equal voice in the decisions of the United Nations?
Explain
4. Examine the concept of a supranational world government with global sovereignty. Can this
concept be implemented?
The General Assembly
5. How have the composition and the role of the General Assembly changed since 1945?
6. Why is the United Nations suffering financial difficulty?
7. What factors are necessary to the effectiveness of the United Nations?
The Secretariat
8. Explain the responsibilities and powers of the Secretariat.
The Economic and Social Council
9. What is the purpose of the Economic and Social Council? How does it attempt to achieve this
mandate?
The International Court of Justice
10. How does the International Court of Justice work? What powers does it have?
The Trusteeship Council
11. What is the purpose of the Trusteeship Council?
Peacekeeping Operations
12. Create a list of the pros and cons involved in the Peacekeeping missions taken on by the UN.
Korea: 1950-1953
13. Why did the United Nations launch a peacekeeping mission in Korea in 1950’s?
14. Explain the results of the United Nations action in Korea, for Korea and for the UN.
The Suez Canal Crisis 1956-1967
15. Evaluate the success of the UN peace keeping force in the Suez
The Congo 1960-1964
16. Evaluate the success of the UN peacekeeping force in the Congo
International Economic Cooperation
17. Explain how nations of the world are made interdependent through trade and currency
exchange. What problems have occurred in this global network of interdependence? What are
some of the potential dangers of global economic interdependence? What are the potential
benefits?
The International Monetary fund
18. What is the International Monetary fund? How does it affect international trade? What are the
problems and benefits associated with the IMF?
The World Bank
19. What is the purpose of the World Bank? What are the problems and benefits associated with
this organization?
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
20. What is the GATT? What is its purpose on the Global stage?
The European Common Market
21. What role has the European Common Market played in the World market?
North American Free Trade Agreement
22. Has NAFTA been a positive or negative development? Explain your answer
Currencies
23. Explain how international political factors affect the stability of national currencies
The WTO
24. What is the World Trade Organization? What problems have been associated with this
organization?

2. Rwanda
25. Explain the conflict in Rwanda. Was the UN successful in its mandate in Rwanda? Explain
your answer. Why are UN peacekeeping missions often controversial?
The UN in the 1990’s
26. Explain briefly the factors that could affect international trading patterns in the near future.
Consider recent international events when composing your answer.
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Chapter 9: Vocabulary
Four Policemen
Washington Treaty
Big Four
General Assembly
Security Council
Sharpesville Massacre 1960
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Nationalist China
Uniting for Peace
National Equality
Non-industrial nations
“One State One Vote”
President Tshombe of Katanga
Dag Hammarskjold
U Thant
Balance of Payments
OPEC
Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Tutsi
Hutu
Rwandan Patriotic Front
Juvenal Habyarimana
CyprienNtaryamira
President Richard Nixon
Somalia
International Court of Justice
Exclusive economic zone
Law of the Sea
Treaty of Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and the
Use of Outer Space
Economic and Social Council
The Trusteeship Council
38th Parallel
Soviet Bloc
Internal migrants
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
UNHCR
Guantanamo Naval Base
Lester B. Pearson