Chapter 7 Self-Esteem & Moral Identity

CHAPTER 7:
Self-Esteem and Moral Identity
Guidance of Young Children
Ninth Edition
Marian Marion
© 2015, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Marion. Guidance of Young Children, 9e.
7-2
THE ‘SELF’ IS A MENTAL STRUCTURE, A
SET OF IDEAS THAT HUMANS GRADUALLY
BUILD OR CONSTRUCT
Parts of the Self

7-3
Parts of the Self
 Self-awareness
 Self-concept
 Self-control
 Self-esteem

7-4
Self-Awareness
Refers to an idea that a child views himself as
separate from others
Development occurs during the first year as the
perpetual system develops
Continues to develop through early childhood
Realization that a child can make things happen
Must be in place before self-esteem can be
developed

7-5
Self-Concept
Knowledge that a child acquires about her self
Gradually gather information about physical
appearance and abilities, gender, intellectual
abilities, and interpersonal skills
Occurs at the same time as more general changes
in cognitive development
Includes gender constancy, some things remain
the same despite apparent changes
Affects behavior

7-6
Self-Control
 Refers to controlling impulses, tolerating
frustration, and delaying immediate gratification
 Basis of intentional and deliberate behavior
 Effected by environment and socioeconomic
status
 May be developed though high-quality
imaginative play
 Better able to be regulated as children age

7-7
Self-Esteem
Refers to how a child evaluates the self about whom
she has learned

7-8
Building Blocks of
Self-Esteem
 Competence
 Control
 Worth

7-9
Competence
The ability to meet demands for achievement
Grows over time and with effort
Must work for it
Understanding that things happened through
one’s own effort rather than trying to force or
manipulate others into doing things for them
Developed through good feedback: genuine,
positive and accompanied by suggestions for
change when appropriate
May be affected by motivation

7-10
Control
 Degree to which a child thinks he is
responsible for how things turn out
 A lifelong issue
 Critical aspect of self-esteem
 Affected by teachers and parents

7-11
Worth
Refers to a child’s general sense of his own social
value, significance to others

7-12
Self-Esteem Develops in a
Social Context

7-13
Adults Influence a Child’s Self-
Esteem: Garbage in, Garbage Out
Children’s opinion about their competence, control,
and worth develops out of interaction with family
members, teachers, and others in their social
environment
Reflected in adults attitude toward children
self-esteem affected by children’s belief that adults
possess superior wisdom and judgments
Significant adults feed data through words, facial
expressions, and actions
Negative data leads to negative self-esteem

7-14
Bullying: Effect on Self-Esteem
A form of aggression in which a child intends to
humiliate or hurt the victim
Involves repeated negative acts in which the bully
enjoys hurting the victim and the victim feels
oppressed
Can be verbal, psychological, or physical
Has a negative effect of self-esteem

7-15
Moral Identity

7-16
What is Moral Identity?
 A person who uses moral principles refers to moral
identity
 Willingness to see things from another’s perspective
as well as behaving compassionately
 Every person has it yet people differ in degree to
which they use moral principles to define self
 Develops in later childhood and governs views of
the right thing to do
 Determines why a child should take a specific
course of action

7-17
Practices that Help
Children Develop
Authentic Self-Esteem

7-18
Specific Practices that Affect a
Child’s Self-Esteem
 Believe in and adopt an authoritative caregiving style
 Plan appropriate activities that area deserving of
children’s time
 Express genuine interest in children and their
activities
 Give meaningful feedback to children

7-19
Specific Practices that Affect a
Child’s Self-Esteem
 Use encouragement and avoid empty praise
 Acknowledge both pleasant and unpleasant feelings
 Demonstrate respect for all family groups and
cultures: avoid sexism and judging physical
attributes
 Teach specific social skills

7-20
Practices Contributing to
Unhealthy Self-Esteem

7-21
Degrading Practices Toward
Children
 Child abuse or harsh discipline
 Failure to emphasize self-responsibility
 Unhelpful, over critical, negative style of
communication

7-22
Degrading Practices Toward
Children
 Denying unpleasant feelings
 Ignoring children or spending time with them
grudgingly
 Acting in a judgmental or sexist way, or showing
contempt for some families or cultural groups

Chapter 7 Self-Esteem & Moral Identity

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