The document summarizes different models of atoms, including the Bohr model and quantum mechanical model. It describes how the Bohr model proposed electrons orbiting in distinct energy levels and jumping between levels in quantized amounts of energy called quanta. It then explains how the quantum mechanical model uses probability to determine the allowed energies of electrons and their likely locations in different types of atomic orbitals associated with energy levels and sublevels.

1. Section 1: Models of Atoms

2.  Describe the Bohr model of atoms;
 Define the term quantum;
 Describe the quantum mechanical model of
the atom and how it relates to probability;
and
 Describe (and draw) orbitals related to
different sublevels.

4.  Rutherford’s model didn’t explain
chemical properties
 Needed a new model
 Bohr proposed that electrons orbit in
distinct energy levels
 Can’t be between levels, but can
jump from one to another
 Quantum: amount of energy needed
for an electron to jump from one
energy level to anotherNeils Bohr
(1885-1962)

5.  Scientists found that they can’t base a
model for tiny little atoms on the rules for
normal-sized stuff
 Atoms and subatomic particles act
differently
◦ Particles act like waves
◦ Can’t know velocity and position of electrons
 Can calculate probability that electrons are
at a given location

6.  Quantum Mechanical Model: determines allowed
energies an electron can have and where
electrons are likely to be
 Energy levels: “layers” where electrons
◦ Numbered
◦ Each one gets bigger than previous
◦ Can have sublevels
 Atomic orbitals: region in space in which there’s
a high probability of finding an electron
◦ In sublevels
◦ Given letters

7.  s sublevel
◦ one spherical orbital
◦ one in every energy level
 p sublevel
◦ three dumbell-shaped orbitals
◦ in all energy levels ≥ 2

8.  d sublevel
◦ five crazy shapes
◦ in all energy levels ≥ 3
 f sublevel
◦ seven shapes that are really too tough to draw
◦ in all energy levels ≥ 4

9.  Each energy level gets one more
sublevel

10.  Each energy level gets one more
sublevel
 Each energy level can hold more
electrons
 Max of 2 e‐ per orbital
 # of e‐= n2x 2

11.  Describe the Bohr model of atoms?
 Define the term quantum?
 Describe the quantum mechanical model of
the atom and how it relates to probability?
 Describe (and draw) orbitals related to
different sublevels?

12.  Page 132, #1-7
 Read Section 2
◦ pages 133-136