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CHAPTER 5: STUDENT
DIVERSITY
DEVELOPMENT, ABILITY, AND EXCEPTIONALITIES
Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a
Professional
Developmental Differences in the
Classroom
 Development: The physical, intellectual, moral,
emotional, and social changes that occur in
students as a result of their maturation and
experience.
 Cognitive development: Changes in students’
thinking as they mature and acquire
experiences.
Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg
Old, dead guys you need to know about
 Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory describes how students’
thinking about the world changes over time and how experiences
contribute to development.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue8y-JVhjS0&NR=1
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gA04ew6Oi9M&feature=related
 Moral development – conceptions of right and wrong.
 External morality – children view rules as fixed, permanent and
enforced by authority figures (till age 10)
 Autonomous morality – children develop rational ideas of fairness and
see justice as a reciprocal process of treating others as they would want
to be treated.
 Erikson:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vapEpQmz86o&feature=related
 Kohlberg: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7pQJ0ptjk0
Cheating and Technology
Why is cheating an epidemic?
 Who cheats? What
age groups?
 Why?
 How?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91lQK5
SCzlQ
 When?
 Where?
How do we stop cheating?
 Old Fashioned
methods
 Technology methods
 http://plagiarisma.net/
 http://www.dustball.com/cs/plagiar
ism.checker/
Authoritative: Firm but caring. Consistent. Explains reasons for rules.
Higher expectations. OUTCOME: High self-esteem. Confident and secure.
Willing to take risks. Successful in school.
Authoritarian: Stress conformity. Detached. Don’t explain rules. Don’t
encourage verbal give-and-take. OUTCOME: Withdrawn. Worry more
about pleasing parents than solving problems. Defiant. Lack social skills.
Permissive: Give children total freedom. Hold few expectations. Make few
demands on children. OUTCOME: Immature. Lack self-control. Impulsive.
Lack motivation.
Uninvolved: Have little interest in children’s lives. Hold few expectations.
OUTCOME: Lack self-control. Lack long-term goals. Easily frustrated.
Disobedient.
Parenting Styles and Healthy Development
(also true for teachers)
Learner Development: Implications
for Teachers
 Elementary
 Effective elementary teachers use concrete
experiences in all content areas. (Addition/Subtraction)
 Effective elementary teachers use classroom
management to promote student moral
development.
 Rules and procedures help students understand how they
should act and interact in classrooms. Guidance for student
development.
 Teachers describe rules clearly, explain why they are
important, and teach how they should be followed.
Learner Development: Implications
for Teachers
 Middle School
 Effective middle school teachers move from concrete to
abstract using scaffolding. (Pre-algebra/geometry)
 Effective middle school teachers are firm, caring teachers
who empathize with their students.
 Effective middle school teachers adapt rules to create
classrooms that address the developmental needs of
adolescents.
 Effective middle school teachers help students understand
that they are also responsible for helping to create a
productive learning environment – (jobs in group work)
Learner Development: Implications
for Teachers
 High School
 Effective high school teachers link content to
student’s lives.
 Effective high school teachers move from
concrete to abstract. (Calculus, Chemistry)
 Effective high school teachers incorporate
discussions and interaction opportunities instead
of straight-up lecture.
Ability Grouping
 Higher students are
able to excel without
being held back or
bored.
 Lower student are
taught at a slower pace
to meet their needs and
may have extra help
available if needed.
 Instruction is often inferior in
lower classes.
 With-in grouping is logistically
more work for teacher.
 Improper placement can occur
and often become permanent.
 Low groups experience low self-
esteem and motivation.
 Students are labeled and treated
differently.
Benefits of ability grouping
Disadvantages of ability
grouping
Students of similar abilities are placed into groups and matching instruction to
the needs of each group. Between-class ability grouping, within-class ability
grouping, tracking
Test Review Chapter 5
 Ability grouping
 Between-class ability grouping
 Cognitive development
 Enrichment
 Gifted and talented
 Giftedness
 Grade retention
 Inclusion
 Individualized education program (IEP)
 Intelligence
 Learning style
 Mainstreaming
 Special Education
 Within-class ability grouping
Explain the difference between
mainstreaming and inclusion.
What is ability grouping and explain
the difference of between-class
ability grouping and within-class
ability grouping.
What is the purpose of an IEP and
who is involved in creating one?

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Chapter 5

  • 1. CHAPTER 5: STUDENT DIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT, ABILITY, AND EXCEPTIONALITIES Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional
  • 2. Developmental Differences in the Classroom  Development: The physical, intellectual, moral, emotional, and social changes that occur in students as a result of their maturation and experience.  Cognitive development: Changes in students’ thinking as they mature and acquire experiences.
  • 3. Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg Old, dead guys you need to know about  Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory describes how students’ thinking about the world changes over time and how experiences contribute to development.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue8y-JVhjS0&NR=1  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gA04ew6Oi9M&feature=related  Moral development – conceptions of right and wrong.  External morality – children view rules as fixed, permanent and enforced by authority figures (till age 10)  Autonomous morality – children develop rational ideas of fairness and see justice as a reciprocal process of treating others as they would want to be treated.  Erikson: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vapEpQmz86o&feature=related  Kohlberg: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7pQJ0ptjk0
  • 4. Cheating and Technology Why is cheating an epidemic?  Who cheats? What age groups?  Why?  How? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91lQK5 SCzlQ  When?  Where? How do we stop cheating?  Old Fashioned methods  Technology methods  http://plagiarisma.net/  http://www.dustball.com/cs/plagiar ism.checker/
  • 5. Authoritative: Firm but caring. Consistent. Explains reasons for rules. Higher expectations. OUTCOME: High self-esteem. Confident and secure. Willing to take risks. Successful in school. Authoritarian: Stress conformity. Detached. Don’t explain rules. Don’t encourage verbal give-and-take. OUTCOME: Withdrawn. Worry more about pleasing parents than solving problems. Defiant. Lack social skills. Permissive: Give children total freedom. Hold few expectations. Make few demands on children. OUTCOME: Immature. Lack self-control. Impulsive. Lack motivation. Uninvolved: Have little interest in children’s lives. Hold few expectations. OUTCOME: Lack self-control. Lack long-term goals. Easily frustrated. Disobedient. Parenting Styles and Healthy Development (also true for teachers)
  • 6. Learner Development: Implications for Teachers  Elementary  Effective elementary teachers use concrete experiences in all content areas. (Addition/Subtraction)  Effective elementary teachers use classroom management to promote student moral development.  Rules and procedures help students understand how they should act and interact in classrooms. Guidance for student development.  Teachers describe rules clearly, explain why they are important, and teach how they should be followed.
  • 7. Learner Development: Implications for Teachers  Middle School  Effective middle school teachers move from concrete to abstract using scaffolding. (Pre-algebra/geometry)  Effective middle school teachers are firm, caring teachers who empathize with their students.  Effective middle school teachers adapt rules to create classrooms that address the developmental needs of adolescents.  Effective middle school teachers help students understand that they are also responsible for helping to create a productive learning environment – (jobs in group work)
  • 8. Learner Development: Implications for Teachers  High School  Effective high school teachers link content to student’s lives.  Effective high school teachers move from concrete to abstract. (Calculus, Chemistry)  Effective high school teachers incorporate discussions and interaction opportunities instead of straight-up lecture.
  • 9. Ability Grouping  Higher students are able to excel without being held back or bored.  Lower student are taught at a slower pace to meet their needs and may have extra help available if needed.  Instruction is often inferior in lower classes.  With-in grouping is logistically more work for teacher.  Improper placement can occur and often become permanent.  Low groups experience low self- esteem and motivation.  Students are labeled and treated differently. Benefits of ability grouping Disadvantages of ability grouping Students of similar abilities are placed into groups and matching instruction to the needs of each group. Between-class ability grouping, within-class ability grouping, tracking
  • 10. Test Review Chapter 5  Ability grouping  Between-class ability grouping  Cognitive development  Enrichment  Gifted and talented  Giftedness  Grade retention  Inclusion  Individualized education program (IEP)  Intelligence  Learning style  Mainstreaming  Special Education  Within-class ability grouping Explain the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion. What is ability grouping and explain the difference of between-class ability grouping and within-class ability grouping. What is the purpose of an IEP and who is involved in creating one?