This document discusses key concepts and steps for project scheduling including:
1. Developing a list of project activities and sequencing them based on logical relationships and dependencies.
2. Determining activity durations using estimating techniques and developing a schedule that accounts for activity sequences, resource needs, and duration estimates.
3. Constructing a network diagram to illustrate activity relationships and performing critical path analysis to determine the minimum project duration.
4. Controlling and updating the project schedule as the project progresses by managing changes.
This document provides an overview of project scheduling and costs. It discusses estimating project time and costs, using techniques like Gantt charts and PERT networks to schedule projects. It covers determining critical paths, float, and analyzing changes to project constraints. Resource requirements like costs and cash flow are also examined. Scheduling processes like defining activities, sequencing, and developing schedules are outlined.
This document discusses project scheduling concepts like PERT and CPM. It defines a project and provides examples. It explains key aspects of project scheduling including network analysis, determining critical paths, calculating floats, and allocating resources. It also discusses constructing PERT/CPM networks and numbering events. It covers procedures for determining earliest and latest times, float/slack times, and identifying the critical path. The document is an overview of fundamental concepts for project scheduling and critical path analysis.
The document discusses topics related to project management including the project life cycle, project planning techniques, and network scheduling methods. It defines key project management terms and outlines the phases of a typical project life cycle. It also describes tools and techniques for project planning including the work breakdown structure (WBS), Gantt charts, and network scheduling methods like critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
The document discusses project management techniques like CPM and PERT for planning and scheduling projects. It defines key terms like activities, events, critical path. It explains how to construct a network diagram and calculate the critical path. PERT uses three time estimates per activity to calculate expected duration and variance while accounting for uncertainty. The document also discusses crashing the critical path to reduce project duration at additional costs.
Episode 23 : PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT
Activity Definition – identifying the specific activities that must be performed to produce the various project deliverables
Activity Sequencing – identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies
Activity Duration Estimating – estimating the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual activities
Schedule Development – analyzing activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create the project schedule
Schedule Control – controlling changes to the project schedule
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
The document discusses network diagrams, which graphically display project activities and dependencies. It addresses how to create network diagrams using inputs like the project scope and work breakdown structure. A sample network diagram and Gantt chart are provided for illustration. The document also covers schedule network analysis techniques from the PMBOK like critical path method and resource leveling. These techniques identify the critical path and allow for schedule compression if needed.
Project management involves planning, executing, monitoring, and closing a project to achieve objectives on schedule and within budget. It utilizes techniques like work breakdown structure, critical path method, Gantt charts, and PERT charts to define tasks, durations, dependencies, and calculate schedules. The triple constraints of scope, time, and cost must be balanced throughout the project phases of initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing.
This document provides an overview of project scheduling and costs. It discusses estimating project time and costs, using techniques like Gantt charts and PERT networks to schedule projects. It covers determining critical paths, float, and analyzing changes to project constraints. Resource requirements like costs and cash flow are also examined. Scheduling processes like defining activities, sequencing, and developing schedules are outlined.
This document discusses project scheduling concepts like PERT and CPM. It defines a project and provides examples. It explains key aspects of project scheduling including network analysis, determining critical paths, calculating floats, and allocating resources. It also discusses constructing PERT/CPM networks and numbering events. It covers procedures for determining earliest and latest times, float/slack times, and identifying the critical path. The document is an overview of fundamental concepts for project scheduling and critical path analysis.
The document discusses topics related to project management including the project life cycle, project planning techniques, and network scheduling methods. It defines key project management terms and outlines the phases of a typical project life cycle. It also describes tools and techniques for project planning including the work breakdown structure (WBS), Gantt charts, and network scheduling methods like critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
The document discusses project management techniques like CPM and PERT for planning and scheduling projects. It defines key terms like activities, events, critical path. It explains how to construct a network diagram and calculate the critical path. PERT uses three time estimates per activity to calculate expected duration and variance while accounting for uncertainty. The document also discusses crashing the critical path to reduce project duration at additional costs.
Episode 23 : PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT
Activity Definition – identifying the specific activities that must be performed to produce the various project deliverables
Activity Sequencing – identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies
Activity Duration Estimating – estimating the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual activities
Schedule Development – analyzing activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create the project schedule
Schedule Control – controlling changes to the project schedule
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
The document discusses network diagrams, which graphically display project activities and dependencies. It addresses how to create network diagrams using inputs like the project scope and work breakdown structure. A sample network diagram and Gantt chart are provided for illustration. The document also covers schedule network analysis techniques from the PMBOK like critical path method and resource leveling. These techniques identify the critical path and allow for schedule compression if needed.
Project management involves planning, executing, monitoring, and closing a project to achieve objectives on schedule and within budget. It utilizes techniques like work breakdown structure, critical path method, Gantt charts, and PERT charts to define tasks, durations, dependencies, and calculate schedules. The triple constraints of scope, time, and cost must be balanced throughout the project phases of initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing.
Project Management: NETWORK ANALYSIS - CPM and PERTS.Vijaya Bhaskar
This document provides information about project management techniques including network analysis using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). It defines what a project and network are, and describes the basic steps and concepts involved in CPM and PERT. These include drawing networks, identifying critical paths, calculating expected durations and variances of activities, and determining the probability of completing projects within given timeframes. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts like crashing project durations and calculating associated costs. The document is intended as a teaching aid for understanding fundamental aspects of project network analysis.
Time Management within IT Project Managementrielaantonio
This document discusses project time management, which involves ensuring timely completion of a project. It outlines the seven main processes: 1) planning schedule management, 2) defining activities, 3) sequencing activities, 4) estimating activity resources, 5) estimating activity durations, 6) developing the schedule, and 7) controlling the schedule. Key aspects of each process are defined, such as developing a schedule management plan, creating an activity list and attributes, determining dependencies, and using techniques like critical path method, critical chain scheduling, and program evaluation and review technique.
Time management is a core skill for project success. The document discusses processes for project time management including defining activities, sequencing them, estimating durations and resources, developing a schedule, and controlling the schedule. Key techniques include precedence diagramming, critical path methods, resource leveling, and schedule compression. Effective time management ensures projects are completed efficiently and on schedule.
The key steps in the PERT planning process are:
1) Identifying the specific activities and milestones of the project.
2) Determining the proper sequence of activities by constructing a network diagram that shows the interdependencies.
3) Estimating the time required to complete each activity.
4) Identifying the critical path which is the longest sequence of activities that determines the minimum time to complete the project.
The document discusses key aspects of construction project management including:
1. Project management involves applying knowledge and skills to project activities to complete the project on time, within budget, and to the required quality.
2. Project managers are responsible for planning, procurement, and execution and act as the main point of contact for any issues.
3. Effective project management is needed for projects to control costs, timelines, and deal with complexity. It involves detailed planning, scheduling, resource management, and progress tracking.
4. The project management triangle outlines the constraints of time, cost, and scope that must be balanced on all projects.
The document discusses various aspects of construction project management. It covers topics like defining a project and project management, the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, the need for project management, and the project management triangle involving time, cost, and scope constraints. It also describes key phases of project management like planning, execution, control, and closure. Important tools for planning and scheduling projects are discussed, including bar charts, critical path method (CPM), and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
This document discusses time management techniques for project management. It begins by explaining that accurately scheduling a project is important for predicting time and costs. It then discusses various project planning phases such as defining objectives, work breakdown structures, precedence relationships between activities, and modeling these relationships in a network diagram. The document also covers critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT) analyses, which are used to estimate activity times and determine the critical path and project duration.
NCV 4 Project Management Hands-On Support Slide Show - Module 3Future Managers
This slide show complements the Learner Guide NCV 4 Project Management Hands-On Training by Bert Eksteen, published by Future Managers. For more information visit our website www.futuremanagers.net
This document discusses project time management. It begins by outlining the importance of completing projects on time to meet customer needs and match resource availability with project progress. Some key challenges to project time management are then presented, including delays, changes to plans, and availability of labor and materials. Specific time stealers like regulatory delays are also called out. The remainder of the document focuses on best practices for project time management, including defining activities, sequencing activities, estimating durations and developing the project schedule and baseline. It emphasizes using tools like critical path methodology to determine float and identify the critical path. The importance of controlling the project schedule is also stressed.
The document discusses project scheduling and some key related concepts. It defines project scheduling as the process of converting a general project plan into a time-based graphic presentation given information on available resources and time constraints. It outlines the basic principles of project scheduling such as compartmentalizing tasks, determining interdependencies, allocating time, and defining responsibilities, outcomes and milestones. It also defines some basic terminology like tasks, activities, work products, and events. It then explains common scheduling techniques like network diagrams, bar charts, Gantt charts and milestones charts. Finally, it discusses objectives and applications of network analysis in project scheduling.
The document discusses project scheduling and some key concepts related to it. It defines project scheduling as the process of converting a general project plan into a time-based graphic presentation given information on available resources and time constraints. It outlines the basic principles of project scheduling such as compartmentalizing tasks, determining interdependencies, allocating time, and defining responsibilities, outcomes and milestones. It also discusses some basic scheduling terminology like tasks, activities, work products, and events. Finally, it explains common scheduling techniques like network diagrams and bar charts, as well as objectives and applications of network analysis in project scheduling.
Project Time Management involves planning and controlling efforts to complete the project on schedule. Key aspects include identifying the critical path, calculating float, using techniques like critical chain method and resource leveling, developing the schedule through network analysis, and monitoring & controlling the schedule. The project manager develops the schedule by analyzing activity sequences, durations, dependencies and resources to calculate start/finish dates and the critical path, then controls the schedule by reviewing performance and adjusting as needed.
The document discusses project time management. It covers the importance of project schedules, noting that delivering projects on time is a major challenge and time overruns are common. It then discusses the processes involved in project time management, including activity definition, sequencing, resource and duration estimating, schedule development, and schedule control. Key techniques covered include precedence diagramming, Gantt charts, critical path method, calculating float, techniques for shortening schedules like crashing and fast tracking, and critical chain scheduling. The importance of updating the critical path and controlling changes to the project schedule are also emphasized.
project management-cpm and pert methods for managersNaganna Chetty
A project is a one shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills & resources.
A project:
Has a unique purpose.
Is temporary.
Is developed using progressive elaboration.
Requires resources, often from various areas.
Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
Project managers work with project sponsors, project teams, and other people involved in projects to meet project goals.
Program: “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”
Program managers oversee programs and often act as bosses for project managers.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”
This document discusses the key processes involved in project schedule management. It describes the seven processes as follows: 1) Plan Schedule Management which establishes policies and documentation for managing the project schedule. 2) Define Activities which identifies specific work to produce deliverables. 3) Sequence Activities which determines the logical order of work. 4) Estimate Activity Resources which estimates resource needs. 5) Estimate Activity Durations which estimates activity timelines. 6) Develop Schedule which analyzes activity details to create a schedule model. 7) Control Schedule which monitors schedule status and manages changes. For each process, it outlines important inputs, tools, and outputs involved in effective schedule management.
Project time management involves planning, estimating, and controlling the schedule to ensure timely completion of a project. It includes defining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity resources and durations, and developing the project schedule. Key processes include activity definition, sequencing, resource and duration estimation, and schedule development. Techniques used include precedence diagramming, dependency determination, and schedule compression. The goal is to generate a schedule model with start and finish dates for each activity.
The document provides an overview of critical path method (CPM) and network analysis for project management. CPM is a technique that separates project planning and scheduling to identify the critical path of activities that determine the shortest project duration. It involves specifying activities, determining dependencies, estimating times, and identifying the critical path. Network analysis uses activity-on-arrow diagrams to plan and monitor project progress. Key terms include activities, events, paths, concurrent activities, and dummy activities. CPM and network analysis help optimize schedules, allocate resources, and minimize project time and costs.
This document discusses project management techniques PERT and CPM. It begins by outlining the basic steps of PERT/CPM, which include planning, scheduling, allocating resources, and controlling projects. It then discusses network diagrams and how they are used to represent projects, define activities and their relationships. The document provides examples of network diagrams and common errors in drawing them. It also discusses critical paths and how crashing can be used to reduce project duration at additional cost. The framework for PERT and CPM involves 6 steps including defining activities, relationships, and time/cost estimates.
Project Management: NETWORK ANALYSIS - CPM and PERTS.Vijaya Bhaskar
This document provides information about project management techniques including network analysis using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). It defines what a project and network are, and describes the basic steps and concepts involved in CPM and PERT. These include drawing networks, identifying critical paths, calculating expected durations and variances of activities, and determining the probability of completing projects within given timeframes. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts like crashing project durations and calculating associated costs. The document is intended as a teaching aid for understanding fundamental aspects of project network analysis.
Time Management within IT Project Managementrielaantonio
This document discusses project time management, which involves ensuring timely completion of a project. It outlines the seven main processes: 1) planning schedule management, 2) defining activities, 3) sequencing activities, 4) estimating activity resources, 5) estimating activity durations, 6) developing the schedule, and 7) controlling the schedule. Key aspects of each process are defined, such as developing a schedule management plan, creating an activity list and attributes, determining dependencies, and using techniques like critical path method, critical chain scheduling, and program evaluation and review technique.
Time management is a core skill for project success. The document discusses processes for project time management including defining activities, sequencing them, estimating durations and resources, developing a schedule, and controlling the schedule. Key techniques include precedence diagramming, critical path methods, resource leveling, and schedule compression. Effective time management ensures projects are completed efficiently and on schedule.
The key steps in the PERT planning process are:
1) Identifying the specific activities and milestones of the project.
2) Determining the proper sequence of activities by constructing a network diagram that shows the interdependencies.
3) Estimating the time required to complete each activity.
4) Identifying the critical path which is the longest sequence of activities that determines the minimum time to complete the project.
The document discusses key aspects of construction project management including:
1. Project management involves applying knowledge and skills to project activities to complete the project on time, within budget, and to the required quality.
2. Project managers are responsible for planning, procurement, and execution and act as the main point of contact for any issues.
3. Effective project management is needed for projects to control costs, timelines, and deal with complexity. It involves detailed planning, scheduling, resource management, and progress tracking.
4. The project management triangle outlines the constraints of time, cost, and scope that must be balanced on all projects.
The document discusses various aspects of construction project management. It covers topics like defining a project and project management, the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, the need for project management, and the project management triangle involving time, cost, and scope constraints. It also describes key phases of project management like planning, execution, control, and closure. Important tools for planning and scheduling projects are discussed, including bar charts, critical path method (CPM), and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
This document discusses time management techniques for project management. It begins by explaining that accurately scheduling a project is important for predicting time and costs. It then discusses various project planning phases such as defining objectives, work breakdown structures, precedence relationships between activities, and modeling these relationships in a network diagram. The document also covers critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT) analyses, which are used to estimate activity times and determine the critical path and project duration.
NCV 4 Project Management Hands-On Support Slide Show - Module 3Future Managers
This slide show complements the Learner Guide NCV 4 Project Management Hands-On Training by Bert Eksteen, published by Future Managers. For more information visit our website www.futuremanagers.net
This document discusses project time management. It begins by outlining the importance of completing projects on time to meet customer needs and match resource availability with project progress. Some key challenges to project time management are then presented, including delays, changes to plans, and availability of labor and materials. Specific time stealers like regulatory delays are also called out. The remainder of the document focuses on best practices for project time management, including defining activities, sequencing activities, estimating durations and developing the project schedule and baseline. It emphasizes using tools like critical path methodology to determine float and identify the critical path. The importance of controlling the project schedule is also stressed.
The document discusses project scheduling and some key related concepts. It defines project scheduling as the process of converting a general project plan into a time-based graphic presentation given information on available resources and time constraints. It outlines the basic principles of project scheduling such as compartmentalizing tasks, determining interdependencies, allocating time, and defining responsibilities, outcomes and milestones. It also defines some basic terminology like tasks, activities, work products, and events. It then explains common scheduling techniques like network diagrams, bar charts, Gantt charts and milestones charts. Finally, it discusses objectives and applications of network analysis in project scheduling.
The document discusses project scheduling and some key concepts related to it. It defines project scheduling as the process of converting a general project plan into a time-based graphic presentation given information on available resources and time constraints. It outlines the basic principles of project scheduling such as compartmentalizing tasks, determining interdependencies, allocating time, and defining responsibilities, outcomes and milestones. It also discusses some basic scheduling terminology like tasks, activities, work products, and events. Finally, it explains common scheduling techniques like network diagrams and bar charts, as well as objectives and applications of network analysis in project scheduling.
Project Time Management involves planning and controlling efforts to complete the project on schedule. Key aspects include identifying the critical path, calculating float, using techniques like critical chain method and resource leveling, developing the schedule through network analysis, and monitoring & controlling the schedule. The project manager develops the schedule by analyzing activity sequences, durations, dependencies and resources to calculate start/finish dates and the critical path, then controls the schedule by reviewing performance and adjusting as needed.
The document discusses project time management. It covers the importance of project schedules, noting that delivering projects on time is a major challenge and time overruns are common. It then discusses the processes involved in project time management, including activity definition, sequencing, resource and duration estimating, schedule development, and schedule control. Key techniques covered include precedence diagramming, Gantt charts, critical path method, calculating float, techniques for shortening schedules like crashing and fast tracking, and critical chain scheduling. The importance of updating the critical path and controlling changes to the project schedule are also emphasized.
project management-cpm and pert methods for managersNaganna Chetty
A project is a one shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills & resources.
A project:
Has a unique purpose.
Is temporary.
Is developed using progressive elaboration.
Requires resources, often from various areas.
Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
Project managers work with project sponsors, project teams, and other people involved in projects to meet project goals.
Program: “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”
Program managers oversee programs and often act as bosses for project managers.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”
This document discusses the key processes involved in project schedule management. It describes the seven processes as follows: 1) Plan Schedule Management which establishes policies and documentation for managing the project schedule. 2) Define Activities which identifies specific work to produce deliverables. 3) Sequence Activities which determines the logical order of work. 4) Estimate Activity Resources which estimates resource needs. 5) Estimate Activity Durations which estimates activity timelines. 6) Develop Schedule which analyzes activity details to create a schedule model. 7) Control Schedule which monitors schedule status and manages changes. For each process, it outlines important inputs, tools, and outputs involved in effective schedule management.
Project time management involves planning, estimating, and controlling the schedule to ensure timely completion of a project. It includes defining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity resources and durations, and developing the project schedule. Key processes include activity definition, sequencing, resource and duration estimation, and schedule development. Techniques used include precedence diagramming, dependency determination, and schedule compression. The goal is to generate a schedule model with start and finish dates for each activity.
The document provides an overview of critical path method (CPM) and network analysis for project management. CPM is a technique that separates project planning and scheduling to identify the critical path of activities that determine the shortest project duration. It involves specifying activities, determining dependencies, estimating times, and identifying the critical path. Network analysis uses activity-on-arrow diagrams to plan and monitor project progress. Key terms include activities, events, paths, concurrent activities, and dummy activities. CPM and network analysis help optimize schedules, allocate resources, and minimize project time and costs.
This document discusses project management techniques PERT and CPM. It begins by outlining the basic steps of PERT/CPM, which include planning, scheduling, allocating resources, and controlling projects. It then discusses network diagrams and how they are used to represent projects, define activities and their relationships. The document provides examples of network diagrams and common errors in drawing them. It also discusses critical paths and how crashing can be used to reduce project duration at additional cost. The framework for PERT and CPM involves 6 steps including defining activities, relationships, and time/cost estimates.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)GiselleginaGloria
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
#scopuspublication #scopusindexed #callforpapers #researchpapers #cfp #researchers #phdstudent #researchScholar #journalpaper #submission #journalsubmission #WBAN #requirements #tailoredtreatment #MACstrategy #enhancedefficiency #protrcal #computing #analysis #wirelessbodyareanetworks #wirelessnetworks
#adhocnetwork #VANETs #OLSRrouting #routing #MPR #nderesidualenergy #korea #cognitiveradionetworks #radionetworks #rendezvoussequence
Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...
Chapter 4.pptx
1. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Understand and apply key scheduling terminology.
2. Apply the logic used to create activity networks, including
predecessor and successor tasks.
3. Develop an activity network using Activity-on-Node (AON)
techniques.
4. Perform activity duration estimation based on the use of
probabilistic estimating techniques.
2. Chapter 4
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
5. Construct the critical path for a project schedule network
using forward and backward passes.
6. Identify activity float and the manner in which it is
determined.
7. Calculate the probability of a project finishing on time
under PERT estimates.
8. Understand the steps that can be employed to reduce the
critical path.
6. Project Scheduling Terms
• Project Network Diagram: Any schematic display of the logical
relationships of project activities.
• Path: A sequence of activities defined by the project network logic.
• Event: A point when an activity is either started or completed.
• Node: One of the defining points of a network; a junction point joined
to some or all of the other dependency lines (paths).
7. Project Scheduling Terms
• Float: The amount of time an activity may be delayed from its early
start without delaying the finish of the project.
• Critical path: The path through project network with the longest
duration.
• Critical Path Method: A network analysis technique used to determine
the amount of schedule flexibility on logical network paths in project
schedule network and to determine minimum project duration.
• Resource-limited schedule: Start and finish dates reflect expected
resource availability.
8. AOA Versus AON
The same mini-project is shown with activities on arc…
C
E
D
B F
E
C
D
B F
…and activities on node.
11. Concurrent activities
)
When the nature of the work allows for more than one activity
to be accomplished at the same time, these activities are called
concurrent, and parallel project paths are constructed
through the network.
16. Options for Reducing the Critical Path
1. Eliminate tasks on the critical path.
2. Replan serial paths to be in parallel.
3. Overlap sequential tasks.
4. Shorten the duration on critical path tasks.
5. Shorten early tasks.
6. Shorten longest tasks.
7. Shorten easiest tasks.
8. Shorten tasks that cost the least to speed up.
17. Constructing the Critical Path
• Forward pass – an additive move through the network from start to
finish
• Backward pass – a subtractive move through the network from finish
to start
• Critical path – the longest path from end to end which determines
the shortest project length
18. Summary
1. Understand and apply key scheduling terminology.
2. Apply the logic used to create activity networks, including
predecessor and successor tasks.
3. Develop an activity network using Activity-on-Node (AON)
techniques.
4. Perform activity duration estimation based on the use of
probabilistic estimating techniques.
19. Summary
5. Construct the critical path for a project schedule network using
forward and backward passes.
6. Identify activity float and the manner in which it is determined.
7. Calculate the probability of a project finishing on time under PERT
estimates.
8. Understand the steps that can be employed to reduce the critical
path.
20. Module 3: Project Scheduling
Welcome to Module 3. The objective of this module is to introduce you to
Project Scheduling.
The Topics that will be addressed in this Module include:
• Define Planning vs. Scheduling
• Define and Illustrate Basic Scheduling Concepts
• Define Logic Relationships and Critical Path
• Define and Illustrate Different Schedule Formats
21. Module 3 – Project Scheduling
Project Scheduling
Project scheduling in the earned value management system involves a clear,
five step process. This process aids managers in determining the project
schedule and, eventually, the project schedule baseline. The process steps
are:
1. Develop the list of project activities
2. Sequence the list of project activities
3. Determine the relationships between activities
4. Establish the duration for each activities
5. Determine the project duration (start and completion dates)
For the purpose of explaining the process in detail, we will use the smaller
BEST Management Books project from Module 2 instead of the ACME
House Building project. At the end of the process will will look at the
outcome of using this process on the ACME House Building project.
23. 23
INTRODUCTION
Schedule converts action plan into operating
time table
Basis for monitoring and controlling project
Scheduling more important in projects than
in production, because unique nature
Sometimes customer specified/approved
requirement-e.g: JKR projects
Based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
24. 24
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
PERT CPM
-Program Evaluation and
Review Technique
- developed by the US
Navy with Booz
Hamilton Lockheed
- on the Polaris
Missile/Submarine
program 1958
Critical Path Method
Developed by El Dupont
for Chemical Plant
Shutdown Project- about
same time as PERT
Both use same calculations, almost similar
Main difference is probabilistic and deterministic in time estimation
Gantt Chart also used in scheduling
25. 25
DEFINITION OF TERMS IN A NETWORK
Activity : any portions of project (tasks) which required
by project, uses up resource and consumes
time – may involve labor, paper work,
contractual negotiations, machinery operations
Activity on Arrow (AOA) showed as arrow, AON
– Activity on Node
Event : beginning or ending points of one or more
activities, instantaneous point in time, also
called ‘nodes’
Network : Combination of all project activities and the events
ACTIVITY
PRECEEDING SUCCESSOR
EVENT
26. 26
Sequence of activities
Can start work on activities A and B anytime, since
neither of these activities depends upon the
completion of prior activities.
Activity C cannot be started until activity B has been
completed
Activity D cannot be started until both activities A
and C have been completed.
The graphical representation (next slide) is referred to
as the PERT/CPM network
27. 27
Network of Four Activities
1 3 4
2
A
B C
D
Arcs indicate project activities
Nodes correspond to the beginning
and ending of activities
28. 28
RESOURCE ANALYSIS AND SCHEDULING
Ability to carry out projects depend on the availability
of resources
Analyze resource implication
-How requirements can be met and changes needed
Use resources efficiently
Use network to give information about time, resources
and cost
29. Managers often cite delivering projects on time as one
of their biggest challenges
Time has the least amount of flexibility; it passes no
matter what happens on a project
Schedule issues are the main reason for conflicts on
projects, especially during the second half of projects
29
30. Planning schedule management: determining the policies, procedures,
and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and
controlling the project schedule
Defining activities: identifying the specific activities that the project team
members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project
deliverables
Sequencing activities: identifying and documenting the relationships
between project activities
Estimating activity resources: estimating how many resources a project
team should use to perform project activities
Estimating activity durations: estimating the number of work periods that
are needed to complete individual activities
Developing the schedule: analyzing activity sequences, activity resource
estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule
Controlling the schedule: controlling and managing changes to the
project schedule
30
31. The project team uses expert judgment, analytical
techniques, and meetings to develop the schedule
management plan
A schedule management plan includes:
◦ Project schedule model development
◦ The scheduling methodology
◦ Level of accuracy and units of measure
◦ Control thresholds
◦ Rules of performance measurement
◦ Reporting formats
◦ Process descriptions
31
32. An activity or task is an element of work normally
found on the work breakdown structure (WBS) that has
an expected duration, a cost, and resource
requirements
Activity definition involves developing a more detailed
WBS and supporting explanations to understand all the
work to be done so you can develop realistic cost and
duration estimates
32
33. A milestone is a significant event that normally has no
duration
It often takes several activities and a lot of work to
complete a milestone
They’re useful tools for setting schedule goals and
monitoring progress
Examples include obtaining customer sign-off on key
documents or completion of specific products
33
34. Involves reviewing activities and determining
dependencies
A dependency or relationship is the sequencing of
project activities or tasks
You must determine dependencies in order to use
critical path analysis
34
35. Network diagrams are the preferred technique for
showing activity sequencing
A network diagram is a schematic display of the
logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project
activities
Two main formats are the arrow and precedence
diagramming methods
35
37. Also called activity-on-arrow (AOA) network diagrams
Activities are represented by arrows
Nodes or circles are the starting and ending points of
activities
Can only show finish-to-start dependencies
37
38. Activities are represented by boxes
Arrows show relationships between activities
More popular than ADM method and used by project
management software
Better at showing different types of dependencies
38
39. Duration includes the actual amount of time worked on
an activity plus elapsed time
Effort is the number of workdays or work hours
required to complete a task
Effort does not normally equal duration
People doing the work should help create estimates,
and an expert should review them
39
40. Uses results of the other time management processes
to determine the start and end date of the project
Ultimate goal is to create a realistic project schedule
that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for
the time dimension of the project
Important tools and techniques include Gantt charts,
critical path analysis, and critical chain scheduling, and
PERT analysis
40
41. Milestones should be
◦ Specific
◦ Measurable
◦ Assignable
◦ Realistic
◦ Time-framed
41
42. CPM is a network diagramming technique used to
predict total project duration
A critical path for a project is the series of activities
that determines the earliest time by which the project
can be completed
The critical path is the longest path through the network
diagram and has the least amount of slack or float
Slack or float is the amount of time an activity may be
delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the
project finish date
42
43. PERT is a network analysis technique used to estimate
project duration when there is a high degree of
uncertainty about the individual activity duration
estimates
PERT uses probabilistic time estimates
◦ duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and
pessimistic estimates of activity durations, or a three-point
estimate
43
44. Perform reality checks on schedules
Allow for contingencies
Don’t plan for everyone to work at 100% capacity all
the time
Hold progress meetings with stakeholders and be clear
and honest in communicating schedule issues
44
45. Software for facilitating communications helps people
exchange schedule-related information
Decision support models help analyze trade-offs that
can be made
Project management software can help in various time
management areas
45
46. Many people misuse project management software
because they don’t understand important concepts and
have not had training
You must enter dependencies to have dates adjust
automatically and to determine the critical path
You must enter actual schedule information to compare
planned and actual progress
46
47. Project time management is often cited as the main
source of conflict on projects, and most IT projects
exceed time estimates
Main processes include
◦ Plan schedule management
◦ Define activities
◦ Sequence activities
◦ Estimate activity resources
◦ Estimate activity durations
◦ Develop schedule
◦ Control schedule
47