This document provides an overview of the classification of organisms. It begins by outlining the basic competencies around classifying living and non-living things. It then discusses the key characteristics of living organisms, including movement, respiration, nutrition, growth, reproduction, excretion, irritability, and adaptation. The document proceeds to discuss the history of classification from Aristotle to Linnaeus to Whittaker's five kingdom system. It provides details on the kingdoms of Animalia, Monera, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae. Within each kingdom, it outlines the major groups and provides examples.

1. Chapter 2.
CLASIFICATON OF
ORGANISM
By: Ms. Faradis Ulyah, S.Pd.

2. Basic Competence
3.2. Memahami prosedur pengklasifikasian makhluk hidup dan benda-benda tak hidup sebagai bagian kerja
ilmiah, serta mengklasifikasikan berbagai makhluk hidup dan benda-benda tak hidup berdasarkan ciri yang
diamati
4.2 Mengumpulkan data dan melakukan klasifikasi terhadap benda-benda, tumbuhan dan hewan yang ada di
lingkungan sekitar.

3. DO YOU
BELIEVE?
The land can expand by
itself?

4. DO YOU KNOW?
Biotic components Abiotic components
Humans
Animals
Plants
Microorganism
Land
Water
Air
Sunlight
Topography
Climate

5. THE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIVING
ORGANISM

6. 8 Characteristics of Living Organism
1. Movement
2. Respiration
3. Nutrition
4. Growth
5. Reproduction
6. Excretion
7. Irritability
8. Adaptation

7. 1. MOVEMENT

8. 2. RESPIRATION
Breathing is a process of inhaling oxygen (O2) from the surrounding which will
be used to oxidize food nutrients in body cells to produce energy and release
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O). The energy produced from
oxidation is used from many activities/ life activities
Reaksi Oksidasi

9. 3. NUTRITION

10. How do plants
get food?

11. 4. GROWTH

12. 5. REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the biological process by
which new individual organisms – "offspring" –
are produced from their "parent" or parents.

13. 6. EXCRETION
Excretion is a process in which
metabolic waste is eliminated
from an organism

14. 7. IRRITABILITY
Irritability is
that characteristic of
living organisms in
being aware of, and
being able to respond
to, a stimulus which
tends to disturb the
steady state or
homeostasis which all
organisms prefer for
maintaining life.

15. 8. ADAPTATION
Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an
organism becomes better able to live in its habitat
or habitats.

16. The Different Characteristics
Between Animals And Plants

18. CLASSIFICATION
OF LIVING THINGS
A classification is a division or
category in a system which
divides things into groups or
types

19. Aristoteles(384 BC-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher. He
classified organism as follows:
• Animals, consisting of ‘blooded animals’ and ‘non-blooded
animals’ (such as, insects whose blood is not red)
• Plants, consisting of: Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION
The well-known classification figures are,
among others,
Aristoteles,
Carolus Linnaeus,and
RH. Whittaker.

20. HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION
The person who first coined the basics of
classification was Carolus Linnaeus,
a Swedish biologist. He tried to classify
living things into two major groups;
animals and plants. These two groups,
eventually became a kingdom called
Animalia (animals) and
Plantae (plants).
Linnaeus continued his classification from the largest to the smaller ranks.
Animalia= Kingdom ->Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
Plantae = Kingdom -> Division -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species

21. CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THING

22. HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION
Whittaker explained the classification of organism
based on the following:
1) The existence of nucleus membrane (prokaryote/
eukaryote)
2) How to get nutrition methods (autotrof/
heterotroph)
3) Number of cells forming body (unicellular/
multicellular)
4) Reproduction method
Then, in 1969, Robert H Whittaker proposed a 5
kingdom classification system.
Kingdom is no longer limited to Animalia and
Plantae, but also Monera, Protista, Fungi.
Robert H Whittaker

24. Types of Microscope
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
MICROSCOPE FOR OBSERVING MICROORGANISM

26. PARTS OF MICROSCOPE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

27. PARTS OF MICROSCOPE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

28. How to use microscope?

29. How to use microscope?

30. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
In the 5 kingdom classification system, animals are
classified into the kingdom Animalia
General characteristic of the members of animalia kingdom are as
follows:
a. Nukleus covered by membrane (eukayote)
b. Obtaining food by hunting other organism (heterotroph)
c. Composed by more than one cells (multicellular)
d. Reproducing asexually and sexually

31. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
In the 5 kingdom classification system, animals are
classified into the kingdom Animalia
Based on the ownership of the spine, this kingdom is divided into two
groups, namely invertebrates that do not have a backbone and
vertebrates that have a backbone.

32. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
1. Porifera (porous animal)
The examples of Porifera are Euspongia sp, red sponge and sponge coral

33. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
2. Cnidaria
The examples of Cnidaria are Hydra, jelly fish, sea anemone, black coral and
stony coral

34. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
3. Ctenophora
Ctenophora is also called comb jellies

35. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
4. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Flatworms do not have legs and frame, their body is flattened and does not
have the digestive tract. Their life as parasite, such as tapeworms and liver
flukes, but some of them live free in fresh water, such as Planaria.

36. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
5. Nematoda (Roundworms)
Roundworms have elliptical body (cilinder). They generally live as parasite
and cause disease in their host body. The examples are ascaris, hookworm,
and pinworm.

37. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
6. Annelida (Segmented worms)
Annelids have segmented body, some of them have a kind of legs and they
live in land and sea habitats. The examples are earthworms, leeches, slug and
Neires virens.

38. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
7. Mollusca (soft animals)
Mollusca have soft body and are generally protected by shell composed of
calcium, their body has a gland which produces slime.

39. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
8. Echinodermata (spiny-skinned animals)
Echinoderm have spiny covering body, external skeleton (exoskeleton), do
not have head, move by using feet called ambulacral, namely tube feet with
suckers, and they are found in sea habitat.

40. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
9. Arthropoda (animals with jointed legs)
Based on the number of their legs, Arthropod is classified into 4 classes:
a. Insect, having 6 legs
b. Arachnida (spiders), having 8 legs
c. Crustacea (shrimps), having 10 legs
d. Myriapoda (centipedes), having more than 10 legs

41. ANIMALIA KINGDOM
Avertebrata
9. Arthropoda (animals with jointed legs)

42. MONERA KINGDOM
The characteristics of Monera are single-celled (unicellular body),
the cells do not have a nuclear membrane (prokaryotic), the cell
nucleus of bacteria is called nukleosom and the way of reproduction
is by dividing. Classified as heterotroph organism because it obtains
nutrition by decomposing organic compounds (as decomposer)
Living things
belonging to
Monera are
bacteria and
blue-green
algae.

43. MONERA KINGDOM
Based on its form, bacteria can classified into 3, namely coccus
(spherical), bacillus (rod-shapes) and spirillum (spiral).

44. MONERA KINGDOM
Advantageous bacteria, such as:
Escheria coli Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which help the decomposition of
food waste in our colon
which help to transform milk
into yoghurt

45. MONERA KINGDOM
There are also harmsless bacteria living as parasite, such as:
Myobacterium tuberculosis Clostridium tetani
which cause TBC which cause tetanus

46. PROTISTA KINGDOM
Kingdom Protista has a nuclear membrane (eukaryotic). The size is quite
diverse. Ranging from microscopic to macroscopic.
The characteristics of the kingdom
Protista are quite diverse.
• Eukaryote
• There are some living things
that are single-celled, and some
are multi-celled.
• Some are animal-like (cannot
make their own food), some are
plant-like (able to make their
own food), and some are
mushroom-like.
• It reproduces by duplicating
itself.

47. PROTISTA KINGDOM
Protista kingdom is classified into three groups, namely Protozoa (animal-like),
Algae (plant-like) and Slime molds (Myxomycetes)
PROTOZOA
a) Rhizophoda (pseudopod)
b) Flagellata (flagellum)
c) Ciliata (cilia)
d) Sporozoa (immobile)

48. PROTISTA KINGDOM
ALGAE
a) Green algae (Chlorophyta)
b) Golden algae (Chrysophyta)
c) Brown algae (Phaeophyta)
d) Red algae (Rhodophyta)

49. PROTISTA KINGDOM
SLIME FUNGUS
The examples of fungus-like protists are plasmodial slime molds and aquatic
fungi. Plasmodial slime molds (Myxomycetes) reproduce by spores just like
Fungi. Aquatic fungi produce spores called oospores and they can grow to
new hypha.

50. FUNGI KINGDOM
Characteristic of fungi are:
● Eukaryote
● Fungi are single-celled and
multi-celled
● Reproducing by spores
● Heterotroph organism
● Living in moist area, not having
chlorophyll and the cell wall
composed of chitin
● Breeding is done generative and
vegetative.
● the body consists of fine
threads (hyphae) which will
then form a weave called
mycelium.

51. FUNGI KINGDOM
Based on its sexual reproductive
system, fungi are classified into 4
groups, namely:
a. Zygomycota, reproduction
sexually by zygospore
b. Basidiomicota, reproducing
sexually by basidiospore
c. Ascomycota, reproducing
sexually by ascospore
d. Deuteromycota, the sexual
reproduction method is yet
unknown.

52. PLANTAE KINGDOM
Kingdom Plantae, based on the presence or absence of
transport vessels is divided into two:
1. Vascular plants
2. Non-vascular plants

53. PLANTAE KINGDOM
The general characteristic of Plantae Kingdom:
1. The cell has nucleus covered by nuclear
membrane, cell wall composed by cellulose
2. Consisting of more than one cells (multicellular)
3. Since in it cell has chlorophyll which can be
used for photosynthesis, plantae members are
classified as autotroph organism
4. Reproducing vegetatively by buds and
generatively by spores or seeds

54. Mosses (Bryophyta)

56. Ferns (Pteridophyta)

57. Seed Plants (Spermatophyta)
Based on the location of their seeds, seed plants are divided into 2 groups,
namely:
1. Open Seed Plants (Gymnospermae)
2. Closed Seed Plants (Angiospermae)
Open Seed Plants (Gymnospermae)

58. Seed Plants (Spermatophyta)
Closed Seed Plants (Angiospermae)
Monocotyledons

59. Seed Plants (Spermatophyta)
Closed Seed Plants (Angiospermae)
Dicotyledons

60. CLASSIFICATION
A rainforest is characterized by towering, generally
evergreen trees and heavy rainfall. Despite covering
only 6% of the Earth's surface, they are immensely
diverse and complex, including more than half of
the world's plant and animal species