The document discusses the human skeletal system. It describes that the skeletal system is made up of 206 bones and can be divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, limb bones). The skeletal system provides structure and protection, allows for movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals. The document outlines the types of joints in the body like hinge, ball-and-socket, and gliding joints and describes how exercise benefits the skeletal system.

1. Human Anatomy
and Physiology

2. Bones-
Skeletal
System
Each Bone is a complex Living organ made up
of many cells, protein fibres and minerals.
Skeletal system- scaffolds and protects
Skeletal system provides attachment points
for muscles
New blood cells produced by red bone
marrow
Framework for body to grow

3. Skeletal System 206 bones
Maximum bone density at age
21yrs
Skeletal system- Axial and
Appendicular
Axial skeleton – Vertebral column,
rib cage, skull, other associated
bones
Appendicular skeleton – shoulder
girdle, pelvic girdle, limb bones
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4. Skull
22 bones fused together
except mandible
21 bones unfused in
children
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5. Neck
Connects Head to shoulders and
chest
Has many muscles for support and
structure-swallowing, speaking,
yawning, moving head and neck
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6. Shoulder
Shoulder joint- Humerus fits into scapula like
ball and socket
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7. Thorax
Part between neck and
abdomen
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8. Vertebrae
• 33 Vetebrae
• Cervical-neck-7
• Thoracic-chest-12
• Lumbar-lowerback-5
• Sacrum-5 vertebrae fused forming 1
• Coccyx-4 vertebrae fused forming 1
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9. Ribs and Sternum Sternum – knife shaped
bone located in midline of
anterior side
Sternum connects to ribs by
thin cartilages called costal
cartilage
12 pairs of ribs along with
sternum form ribcage
First seven ribs – true ribs
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10. Limbs
Anterior limb
- Forelimb
Posterior limb
- Hindlimb

11. Major types of
skeleton
Exoskeleton Endoskeleton

12. Functions
Framework-shape, work with muscles
Support
Movement
Protection of vital organs
Mineral storage- calcium and phosphorus
Blood cell protection 2.6 million RBC per second
Lever Action

14. Types of Joints
Fixed Joint
Slightly movable joint
Freely movable joint
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15. Fixed

16. Slightly Movable

17. Movable

18. Types of
movement in
physical
activities
https://youtu.be/aRaLjN2cTYo?list=PLmYDwUik-
rPbcXP9K0mUmZNVMdZNsp-DL&t=38

19. Types of Joints
https://youtu.be/0cYal_hitz4?list=PLmYDwUik-
rPbcXP9K0mUmZNVMdZNsp-DL

20. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Hinge Joint
Flexion Ext
Elbow Knees

21. Pivot Joint
Rotation-Int
Ext
Axial Atlas
bone
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22. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Ball and socket
joint
Flex Ext Abduc
Adduc Circum
Shoulder and
hip

23. Saddle Joint
Flex Ext Abduc
Adduc Circum
finger and
thumb
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24. Gliding joint
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25. Condyloid
Joint
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

26. Benefits of exercise
Increases flexibility- synovial fluid
Makes bones stronger- osteoblasts, calcium,
bone density
Strengthen joints – ligaments strong
Good posture
Healthy lifestyle
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