The document describes various aspects of elbow anatomy including bony structures like the medial and lateral epicondyles, ligaments, muscles, nerves, common injuries, and clinical tests. Key points are that the elbow is a hinge joint formed by the humeroulnar and radioulnar joints, the ulnar nerve can be impinged behind the humerus, and lateral epicondylitis is the most common overuse injury involving repetitive elbow extension motions.

1. Elbow Anatomy
 Medial Epicondyle
 Lateral Epicondyle
 Trochlea and Capitulum
 Olecranon Process
 Ulna and Radius
 Radial Head
 Interosseus Membrane
 http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003
- Pic of Bony Anatomy

2. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

4. Elbow Anatomy
 http://images.main.uab.edu/healthsys/ei_0153.jpg

5. Elbow Anatomy (2)
 Humeroulnar joint
 ______________
 Trochlea of humerus
 _______________
 Flexion (0 – 150)
 Extension (0)-some hyperextension(-5 to -15)
 Ligaments:
 _________________________
 _________________________

6. Elbow Anatomy (3)
 Radioulnar joint
 Not part of elbow but associated with
__________________________
 Supported by the annular ligament which
binds the head of the radius to the radial
notch of the ulna forming the joint
 ___________________________

7. Muscular Anatomy
 ______________________
 Brachioradialis (flexion with arm neutral)
 Brachialis (flexion w/ pronation)
 ______________________
 Pronator Group (pronation)
 ______________________
 http://images.main.uab.edu/healthsys/ei_01
- biceps attachment

9. Bursa, Blood and Nerve
Supply
 Bursa- _____________________
 Blood supply
 Brachial artery
 ___________
 ___________
 Nerve supply
 Brachial plexus extends into the radial and
ulna nerve***

10. Prevention of Injuries
 General muscular condition
 Restrict pitching/ teach proper form
 Make sure equipment is proper (ie:
racquet)- grip size, racquet weight
 Teach shoulder roll method of falling-
example volleyball players rolling after a
dig

11. Contusions
 MOI: Direct contact
 HOPS
 __________________________________
 Limited range of motion
 TX
 Rule out fracture first
 Ice, wrap and pad area
 Avoid aggressive stretching and strengthening
 Watch for ectopic bone formation
 ________________________________

12. Olecranon Bursitis
 Olecranon bursa is largest in elbow
 MOI: fall on bent arm, leaning on elbow
for long periods, infection
 HOPS
 ____________________________
 Tx: ice, compression, pad area
If associated with fever: refer
_____________________________

13. http://www.physsportsmed.com/is
http://www.aafp.org/afp/971101ap/salzfig3.jpg

14. Elbow Sprains (1 – UCL)
 MOI: valgus force, repetitive stress
 HOPS:
 Pain over medial joint especially in cocking phase
or acceleration phase of throwing
 Point tenderness over joint line
 ____________________________________
____________________________
 Tx: rest, general strengthening of flexors/
pronators; _________________________
________________________________

16. Elbow Dislocations
MOI: ____________________________
______________________________, falling
on outstretched hand
 HOPS
 Obvious deformity
 Snapping or cracking sensation
 Severe pain
 Forearm in flexion and appears shortened
 Tx:
 immobilize and refer MED EMERGENCY
 Check neurovascular status

17. -http://www.worldortho.com/database/intro-
trauma/pics/img0123.jpg
http://www.angelfire.com/sc2/seahawksportsmed/injp
ix.html

18. Medial Epicondylitis
 ______________________________
 MOI: repetitive tension or valgus forces on
the arm
 HOPS-
 Swelling, ecchymosis over medial epicondyle
 Pain aggravated by pronation and resisted flexion
of wrist
 _________________________________
 Tx: RICE, Strengthening/Stretching, look at
technique

19. http://www.esportmed.com/smrn/figures/Golfe
rElbowInjury.gif

20. Lateral Epicondylitis
 __________________
 Most common overuse injury in the
adult elbow
 MOI: _______________________
______________________
 Precursor: too large tennis racquet,
gripping racket too tightly, excessive
string tension, faulty mechanics

21. Lateral Epicondylitis (2)
 HOPS
 Pain over lateral epicondyle
 Pain with resisted wrist extension
 + tennis elbow test
 Tx
 RICE
 __________________________________
_________________________
 Counter force brace

23. Impingement of Ulnar nerve
 Ulnar nerve passes behind humerus in ulnar
groove
 _______________
 HOPS
 _________________
 Can be caused from a medial elbow injury
 “crazy bone” or “funny bone”
 Tingling and numbness in ring and little finger
 __________________
 Refer if chronic

24. Strength Testing
 Elbow flexion
 Elbow extension
 Wrist flexion and extension
 Pronation
 Supination

25. Stress Tests
 Valgus (UCL)/Varus (RCL) stress test –
Positive Sign is laxity
 Tennis Elbow test-(Lateral Epicondylitis)
- Positive Sign is increased pain
 Tinel’s sign (Ulnar nerve) – Numbness,
Tinkling into Ulnar nerve region.