Chapter 14
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The document discusses key concepts for working with decimals, percentages, scientific notation, fractions, and ratios that are important for automotive technicians. It defines decimals, percentages, and scientific notation, and how to add and subtract decimals. It also explains how to determine gear ratios by dividing the number of teeth on driven and drive gears, and defines direct drive, gear reduction, and overdrive ratios. Finally, it discusses how to read and interpret graphs, charts, diagrams, and formulas that are commonly used in automotive service manuals.
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The document discusses differentials and their purpose in vehicles. It provides details on:
- How a differential allows the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds while supplying equal torque to turn on curved roads.
- The components of a differential including the crown wheel, bevel pinion, and side gears.
- Calculations to determine speed differences between inside and outside wheels on turns.
- An example problem calculating torque and power delivered to each rear axle of a tractor differential when one wheel encounters less traction.
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The document discusses gear ratios and types of gears used in manual transmissions. It explains how gear ratios allow the engine to operate at optimal speeds through different vehicle speeds. Synchronizers are described which allow smooth shifting between gears. Key terms are provided related to transmission components and gearing.
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- The document discusses turning moment diagrams for various engine types including 4-stroke IC engines, steam engines, and multi-cylinder engines.
- It describes how the areas of the turning moment diagram above and below the mean resisting torque line represent fluctuations in energy absorbed and delivered by the engine and flywheel.
- Formulas are provided for calculating maximum fluctuation of energy, coefficient of fluctuation of energy, coefficient of fluctuation of speed, and the mass of the flywheel required to limit speed fluctuations within a given range.
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The document discusses turning moment diagrams, which graphically represent the turning moment or crank effort for various positions of a crank. It provides details on plotting turning moment diagrams, including representing turning moment on the vertical axis and crank angle on the horizontal axis. The document also discusses how the area of a turning moment diagram represents the work done per revolution. It further discusses turning moment diagrams for engines with multiple cylinders and how flywheels help control fluctuations in speed caused by variations in engine turning moment during each operating cycle.
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This document defines and provides examples of various graph-related concepts:
- A graph shows the relationship between variable quantities measured along two perpendicular axes.
- Coordinates specify a point on a graph and are written as an ordered pair like (12,5).
- Dimensions refer to measurable aspects like length, width, and height. For example, a line has 1 dimension while a graph has 2 dimensions.
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1) Turning moment diagrams graphically represent the torque required at different crank angles in engines. They are used to analyze torque fluctuations and the role of the flywheel in maintaining uniform rotational speed.
2) Flywheels absorb energy when the engine produces excess torque and release energy when engine torque is insufficient, helping maintain constant rotational speed despite cyclic torque variations. Their moment of inertia determines how effectively they can reduce speed fluctuations.
3) Flywheel design involves calculating torque and energy fluctuations from turning moment diagrams and sizing the flywheel to restrict speed changes to within acceptable limits, considering factors like material strength and maximum permissible diameter.
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1. The document discusses inertia forces in machinery and provides examples of dynamic force analysis for rotors and engines.
2. It introduces D'Alembert's principle for dynamic analysis and analyzes the velocity and acceleration of pistons in slider-crank mechanisms.
3. The key forces acting on pistons are discussed as the gas force, inertia force, and weight of the reciprocating mass. Graphical methods are presented for determining crank effort from turning moment diagrams.
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The document discusses antilock braking systems (ABS) and their components and functions. It explains that ABS uses wheel speed sensors and electrohydraulic components to monitor wheel slippage and modulate brake pressure to prevent locking and maintain vehicle control during braking. It describes different ABS configurations including four-channel, three-channel, and single-channel systems and how they control braking for different wheels. The purpose of ABS is to allow braking and steering control under slippery conditions.
Chap82
The document provides information to prepare for an ASE Brakes certification test, including describing normal ABS dash lamp operation, visually inspecting ABS systems, retrieving trouble codes, clearing trouble codes, bleeding ABS, and diagnosing ABS-equipped vehicles. It discusses the operation of brake warning lamps, performing diagnostic procedures, diagnosing common ABS components like wheel speed sensors, and investigating various ABS systems from manufacturers like Bosch, Teves, and Delphi.
Halderman ch108 lecture
The document discusses electronic stability control (ESC) systems. ESC uses sensors and individual wheel braking to help drivers maintain control of their vehicle during maneuvers like sharp turns or on slippery roads. It works by applying brakes when it detects loss of traction or if the vehicle is not following the driver's intended path. Traction control is similar but focuses on preventing wheel spin during acceleration. Both systems use wheel speed, steering, lateral acceleration and yaw rate sensors along with anti-lock braking to keep the vehicle stable.
Halderman ch107 lecture
The document discusses ABS diagnosis and repair procedures. It outlines the steps to diagnose an ABS problem which include verifying the customer concern, performing a visual inspection, checking for diagnostic trouble codes, completing the repair, and verifying the repair. It also discusses retrieving and clearing diagnostic trouble codes, diagnosing wheel speed sensors, and using scan tools for OBD-II ABS diagnosis.
Halderman ch106 lecture
The document discusses the components and operation of antilock braking systems (ABS). ABS uses wheel speed sensors to monitor wheel slippage and an electronic controller to modulate brake pressure and prevent wheel lockup. It controls wheel slippage through electrohydraulic units to maintain optimal tire traction and braking force. The document describes various ABS configurations, components, functions, and limitations to provide maximum vehicle control and stopping power.
Halderman ch105 lecture
The document discusses vacuum brake boosters, including how they operate and can be tested. It describes the key components of a vacuum booster like the diaphragm, control valve, and check valve. It explains how vacuum from the intake manifold is used to multiply brake pedal force. Tests are outlined to check for booster leaks and proper operation. Adjustment of the pushrod between the booster and master cylinder is also covered.
Halderman ch103 lecture
The document discusses parking brake operation, diagnosis, and service. It describes how parking brakes work on rear drum and disc brake systems. Parking brakes are activated through foot pedals, levers, or handles using cables or rods. The document explains different types of parking brake mechanisms for drum brakes, rear disc auxiliary drum brakes, and caliper-actuated disc parking brakes. Adjustment and service procedures are also covered.
Halderman ch101 lecture
This document provides an overview of disc brake systems, including:
- The main components of disc brakes and how they function to stop rotation of the brake disc.
- Different types of disc brake caliper designs, including fixed, floating, and sliding calipers.
- Construction and operation of brake pads, rotors, and other disc brake parts.
- Techniques for diagnosing and repairing disc brake systems.
Halderman ch099 lecture
The document discusses drum brakes, including their components, operation, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes drum brake parts such as the backing plate, shoe anchors, wheel cylinders, brake shoes, and linings. It explains the differences between primary and secondary brake shoes and how drum brakes use self-energizing and servo action to provide stopping power. The document also discusses drum brake fade issues and methods for adjusting drum brakes.
Halderman ch097 lecture
The document discusses various methods for bleeding hydraulic brake systems, including:
- Bench bleeding the master cylinder before installation
- Bleeding the master cylinder on the vehicle by opening the bleeder screw while slowly pumping the brake pedal
- Methods for loosening stuck bleeder valves such as tapping with a hammer or using heat
- The proper brake bleeding sequence from farthest to closest wheel cylinder
- The manual bleeding procedure using an assistant and clear tubing to see air bubbles
- Vacuum bleeding which uses suction to bleed the system with one technician
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快速办理(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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一比一原版(OP毕业证)奥塔哥理工学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
OP毕业证【微信95270640】《如何办理奥塔哥理工学院毕业证认证》【办证Q微信95270640】《奥塔哥理工学院文凭毕业证制作》《OP学历学位证书哪里买》办理奥塔哥理工学院学位证书扫描件、办理奥塔哥理工学院雅思证书！
国际留学归国服务中心《如何办奥塔哥理工学院毕业证认证》《OP学位证书扫描件哪里买》实体公司，注册经营，行业标杆，精益求精！
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
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4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★奥塔哥理工学院奥塔哥理工学院毕业证学位证毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
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我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助奥塔哥理工学院同学朋友
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你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会顿时留恋起家乡的小河潺潺活水清凉无比日子就这样孤寂而快乐地过着寂寞之余山娃最神往最开心就是晚上无论多晚多累父亲总要携山娃出去兜风逛夜市流光溢彩人潮涌动的都市夜生活总让山娃目不暇接惊叹不已父亲老问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃可
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一比一原版(UNITEC毕业证)UNITEC理工学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
UNITEC毕业证【微信95270640】☀《UNITEC理工学院毕业证购买》Q微信95270640《UNITEC毕业证模板办理》文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,《文凭UNITEC毕业证书原版制作UNITEC成绩单》《仿制UNITEC毕业证成绩单UNITEC理工学院学位证书pdf电子图》毕业证
全套服务：UNITEC理工学院UNITEC理工学院硕士毕业证成绩单真实回国人员证明 #真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足#铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！可以视频看办公环境样板如需办理真实可查可以先到公司面谈勿轻信小中介黑作坊！
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印刷DHL快递毕业证 #成绩单7个工作日真实大使馆教育部认证1个月。为了达到高水准高效率
请您先以qq或微信的方式对我们的服务进行了解后如果有UNITEC理工学院UNITEC理工学院硕士毕业证成绩单帮助再进行电话咨询。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作UNITEC理工学院毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。嘿嘿的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州有
5 Warning Signs Your Mercedes Exhaust Back Pressure Sensor Is Failing
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一比一原版(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(AIS毕业证)奥克兰商学院毕业证成绩单如何办理
AIS毕业证【微信95270640】《如何办理AIS毕业证奥克兰商学院文凭学历》【Q微信95270640】《奥克兰商学院文凭学历证书》《奥克兰商学院毕业证书与成绩单样本图片》毕业证书补办 Fake Degree做学费单《毕业证明信-推荐信》成绩单，录取通知书，Offer，在读证明，雅思托福成绩单，真实大使馆教育部认证，回国人员证明，留信网认证。网上存档永久可查！
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备奥克兰商学院奥克兰商学院毕业证学历书；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
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专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
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What do the symbols on vehicle dashboard mean?
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What Could Cause The Headlights On Your Porsche 911 To Stop Working
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How To Fix The Key Not Detected Issue In Mercedes Cars
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Chapter 14
- 1. start
- 9. Figure 14–1 Valve clearance allows the metal parts to expand and maintain proper operation, both when the engine is cold or at normal operating temperature. (b) Adjustment is achieved by changing the thickness of the adjusting shim. (a) Adjustment is achieved by turning the adjusting screw.
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