Chapter 14
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This document provides a summary of the life and teachings of the prophet Muhammad. It describes how Muhammad received divine visions in Mecca and began preaching a monotheistic message, which was offensive to Mecca's polytheistic pagans and an economic threat to the existing religious establishment. Muhammad then fled to Medina in 622 CE, establishing the Muslim calendar. He organized his followers into a communal society and conducted raids on Meccan caravans. After returning to Mecca, Muhammad established the Five Pillars of Islam and concepts of jihad, or struggle, which were later codified into Islamic law and sharia.
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3) The passage also examines the growth and spread of religions like Christianity and mystery cults throughout the Empire during this period, as Mediterranean societies became increasingly cosmopolitan under the Pax Romana.
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The document is about the development of early human societies from prehistory through the Neolithic era. It discusses the evolution of hominids like Australopithecus and Homo erectus. During the Paleolithic era, humans lived nomadic lifestyles as hunter-gatherers in small groups. The Neolithic era saw the rise of agriculture, population growth, and the emergence of villages and surplus food production leading to specialized labor and social classes. Some of the earliest urban settlements developed around this time at places like Çatal Hüyük and Jericho.
16 bentley3
The document discusses the history of India and its interactions with the Indian Ocean basin from approximately 600 CE to 1600 CE. It covers the fall of the Gupta Dynasty and subsequent political fragmentation in northern India. It also discusses the introduction and spread of Islam through military invasions and merchant communities. Several Islamic rulers and sultanates controlled parts of India during this period. Southern Indian Hindu kingdoms like the Cholas and Vijayanagar Empire flourished. Extensive trade developed along the Indian Ocean route, facilitated by improvements to shipbuilding and port infrastructure. Religious and social developments like the growth of devotional Hinduism and Sufism in Islam also occurred.
02 bentley3
This document discusses the origins and spread of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley. It notes that the development of agriculture led to wealth concentration and the rise of the first cities along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia by 4000 BCE. Complex irrigation systems supported large populations and led to the establishment of city-states and various empires that rose and fell over time, influencing law, culture, and religion in the region. It also describes the migrations of Indo-European peoples that further spread cultural and linguistic influences across Europe and Asia starting around 2500 BCE.
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Islam nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Islam is the second largest religion in the world with approximately 1.6 billion followers. Muhammad founded Islam in the 7th century after receiving revelations from God. He taught that Allah is the one true God and that people must worship Him and live virtuously. After facing hostility from Meccans, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Over time, Muhammad gained more followers and eventually conquered Mecca without violence. The teachings of Muhammad and revelations he received from God are contained in Islam's holiest texts, the Quran and the Hadith.
Islamic civilization 2020
Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed.
One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.
Brief History of Rise of Islam Slide.ppt
The document summarizes the origins and spread of Islam. It describes how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam after receiving revelations from the angel Gabriel. His teachings formed the basis of the religion, including the Five Pillars of faith, daily prayer, fasting during Ramadan, charity, and pilgrimage to Mecca. After Muhammad's death, the early Muslim empire expanded rapidly under leaders like Abu Bakr and the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, establishing an Islamic civilization across North Africa and the Middle East. The document also outlines the divisions between Sunni and Shia Muslims and the later decline of the Muslim empire.
Assignment: Biography of the Prophet (SAAS)
This short assignment includes some very important events of the life of Prophet Muhammad (SAAS) in a nut shell.
It is done as a complementary course work to complete the course entitled: Biography of the Prophet (SAAS) having course code: URIS-3601
Islam and Market Economy; Friends or Foes
This presentation is delivered in a meeting of the European Students for Liberty at Ankara on September 30th, 2017.
Senior World Religions & Islam Intro
Islam is the second largest world religion with over 1.2 billion followers. It began in the 7th century and is growing rapidly. The foundations of Islam are the Qur'an, the primary sacred text, and the teachings and life of the Prophet Muhammad. The five pillars of Islam are the basic framework for the Muslim life and consist of the confession of faith, prayer, fasting, wealth sharing, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Islam plays a major role globally making it important to understand.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World book
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
islam 2000.pdf
This document summarizes the views of an optimistic Muslim on the current state and future of Islam. It argues that while Islam faced decline in the past, it is now advancing for several reasons: 1) Holy sites like Mecca and Medina have been renovated and see increasing pilgrims annually, in contrast to their decay and fewer visitors in past centuries; 2) Attitudes toward Islam have become more positive among scholars and leaders are investing heavily in Islamic education; 3) Grassroots revival movements since the 1930s have spread Islamic ideas widely. The optimism concludes that Islam is the fastest growing religion and is poised for further expansion worldwide.
The Review of Religions September 2015
The document discusses the economic system of Islam and the institution of slavery. It states that slavery was a major source of inhumane treatment worldwide for much of history. Slavery played a key role in the economies of ancient societies like Rome, Greece, Egypt, and Persia, where slave labor drove economic progress. Slaves were often captured during wars between neighboring states and nations. Islam was the first to abolish slavery and introduce humane measures to end the practice, which had become deeply entrenched worldwide due to its economic benefits. The document examines the steps taken by Islam to abolish slavery in a gradual manner while minimizing economic disruption.
RKQS 1051 - Course Outline
This 3-credit undergraduate course examines important aspects of the life and mission of the Prophet Muhammad through lectures and discussions. Students will study major events in the Prophet's biography like the Da'wah, Hijrah, and Jihad. They will also analyze contemporary relevance, universality, and fundamental concepts. Assessment includes coursework and a final exam. The course aims to help students demonstrate understanding of the Prophet's enduring message and grasp the meaning of key concepts in his life.
The First Written Constitution of the World
A pioneering work of Islam's amazing contribution to society, culture, law and civilization. Authored by the eminent scholar Dr, M Hamidullah
Allama murtaza mutahhari the awaited saviour
This document is a book about the Mahdi, referred to as the Awaited Saviour in Islam. It contains 10 chapters discussing topics like who the Mahdi is, objections to the Mahdi, replies to objections, the Mahdi's revolution and final victory, expectations of solace, and interpretations of history. It was written by two Ayatollahs, Baqir al-Sadr and Murtada Mutahhari, to explore the Mahdi from both a theological and philosophical lens and address doubts about his existence and role. The book aims to strengthen readers' faith in the Mahdi's eventual reappearance to establish global justice and Islamic rule, as prophesied in hadiths and
Allama murtaza mutahhari the awaited saviour
This document is a book about the Mahdi, referred to as the Awaited Saviour in Shi'ite Islam. It contains 10 chapters discussing topics like who the Mahdi is according to Islamic traditions, objections to the Mahdi, replies to objections, the Mahdi's revolution and final victory, expectations of solace, and interpretations of history. It aims to augment readers' faith in the Mahdi and satisfy their intellectual curiosity on the subject through scholarly treatment of the prophecies and traditions related to the Mahdi in both Shi'ite and Sunni Islam.
Islam (muhammad) 2
The document provides biographical details about the early life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam:
- Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca and became an orphan as a child, being raised by his grandfather and uncle. As a young adult, he worked as a merchant and married Khadijah.
- In 610 AD, while meditating in a cave, Muhammad began receiving revelations from God that became verses of the Quran. He began preaching monotheism, rejecting traditional Meccan polytheism.
- Persecuted by the Quraysh tribe, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 AD, establishing the first Muslim community. From there, Muhammad consolidated
The Islam 2ºA
Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who heard the call of God and preached Islam as a new monotheistic religion in the 7th century. He was forced to move to Medina in 622, marking the start of the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam that all Muslims must follow are giving alms, pilgrimage to Mecca, praying five times a day, fasting during Ramadan, and having faith. By the 13th century, Islam had spread widely across Arabia, North Africa, the Middle East, and Spain.
Warfare in the Qur’an
This document provides an overview and analysis of the Quran's teachings on warfare. It notes that while the Quran contains some verses that seem more militant, the overwhelming majority of verses extol tolerance, forgiveness, peace, and compassion. It argues that a fair reading shows the Quran prohibits offensive violence and requires defensive warfare to be conducted ethically and in accordance with principles like proportionality, last resort, and discrimination. The document aims to dispel misperceptions that the Quran advocates violence against non-believers and to show its concepts of warfare are based on justice and sanctity of human life.
His 101 ch 7b islam as an heir of rome
The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the 7th to 12th centuries. It describes how the Islamic civilization absorbed influences from previous cultures like Greece, Rome, Judaism and Christianity. Muhammad founded Islam in 610 after receiving revelations, and the religion spread rapidly under subsequent caliphates. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and prohibitions on images which influenced Islamic art forms like calligraphy and arabesque designs. The golden age of the Abbasid caliphate saw advances in science, philosophy and architecture.
The Review of Religions June 2017
1) God creates the spiritual and physical powers and capacities within all things. He endows eyes with the ability to see by creating the underlying cellular powers that enable sight.
2) These powers are not self-existing, but are created by God. It is incorrect to say that sight is bestowed by the powers themselves without God.
3) God continuously creates the qualities and capacities within souls and all things in the universe. When brought together, these display wonders. No inventor can equal God as they only use existing capacities, while God Himself creates these capacities within elements.
Islam
Muhammad was born in Mecca in the 6th century and worked as a caravan trader in his youth. At age 40, he began receiving revelations from God and preached the new religion of Islam. He traveled to Medina where he gained many followers and declared war on non-believers. By 630, he conquered Mecca and established Islam there before his death in 632. After his death, divisions emerged between Sunnis and Shiites over who should succeed him as leader.
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Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World book
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Chapter 09
1. The Mauryan Empire briefly unified India under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE using an advanced administrative system, but declined after Ashoka's death due to economic and military issues.
2. Regional kingdoms emerged including the Kushans in the north and the Guptas in the 4th century CE who brought stability, but were later invaded by Huns.
3. A complex social hierarchy developed around castes and guilds as trade grew, challenging traditional values, while religions like Buddhism and new forms of Hinduism appealed to more social classes and spread across India.
Chapter 08
The document summarizes the unification of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE and the subsequent Han dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE. It describes how the Qin used legalist policies like standardized laws and script to bring political stability after the warring states period. The Han dynasty consolidated centralized rule through Confucian education and expansion. However, economic prosperity led to social tensions that eventually contributed to the collapse of the Han dynasty in the 3rd century CE, dividing China again.
Chapter 04
The document summarizes early societies in South Asia, including the Harappan society around 2000 BCE and their Indo-European neighbors. It discusses the Vedic Age and the origins of the caste system with the Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra castes. Patriarchy developed in ancient Indian society as seen through The Lawbook of Manu, which enforced the rule of the father and inheritance through the male line.
Chapter 03 ap
Early African societies were characterized by centralized political authority under absolute rulers like pharaohs in Egypt and kings in Kush. They developed agricultural economies, industries, trade networks, and writing systems like hieroglyphics. The annual flooding of the Nile River necessitated irrigation systems and government organization in Egypt. Trade networks connected these early societies. Egyptian religious beliefs reflected their highly stratified, patriarchal societies and view of the pharaoh as a living incarnation of the sun god from the early Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom until its fall around 900 BCE.
Unit 4 Overview
Between 1750-1914, Western civilizations dominated through industrialization and new technologies. Industrialization altered economics, demographics, and the environment in industrialized countries. The British parliamentary model of democracy spread through growing Western empires. Reform movements addressed rising inequality among individuals and states as Western powers gained influence at the expense of other regions through imperialism.
Africa and the Atlantic World
1) The document discusses Africa and the Atlantic slave trade between the 15th and 18th centuries. It describes the triangular trade route that brought slaves from Africa to the Americas and goods back to Africa.
2) Millions of Africans were captured and sold into the slave trade, severely impacting some African societies. Slaves were brought to plantations in the Caribbean, South America, and North America to work in agriculture.
3) African cultural traditions were difficult to preserve under slavery. However, slaves developed new creole languages and blended religious beliefs and practices in the Americas. The slave trade was abolished in the 19th century in many countries.
Geography Skills Review
The document provides information about various types of maps, including physical maps, political maps, and thematic maps. It explains features commonly found on maps like legends, scales, and compass roses. Specific examples of thematic maps are provided, such as population density maps, climate maps, and agriculture maps. Map projections and major global landforms and bodies of water are also defined.
Thesis Identifying Activity
This document provides guidance on writing effective thesis statements by defining what a thesis statement is, its key characteristics, and by walking through examples of strong and weak thesis statements for various writing prompts. It emphasizes that a good thesis statement makes an arguable claim, addresses all parts of the assigned prompt, and previews the scope and focus of the essay. Through a series of examples, it helps the reader to identify the thesis statement that is the best fit for the assigned writing task.
Lesson 3 Physical Geography Of South Asia
The document provides information about the physical geography of South Asia, including its major political features, mountains, plains/plateaus, islands, and rivers. It identifies the six countries in the region and their capitals. It describes South Asia as a large subcontinent that was formed through plate tectonic collisions and is home to the Himalayan mountain range and Mount Everest. Major physical features also include the Hindu Kush, Vindya Range, Ghats, Deccan and Karnataka plateaus, Indo-Gangetic and Chota Nagpur plains, Sri Lanka and Maldives islands, and the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river systems.
Standard 8.3 Review
The document discusses the major religions, languages, cultural practices, and systems of India and surrounding regions. It outlines the dominant religions as Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, and Christianity. Languages mentioned include Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, and others. Cultural forms such as dance, music, architecture, and film are described. The document also notes challenges around health, education, migration, and tensions between religious and ethnic groups.
8.3.1 Introduction
The document discusses how globalization impacts traditions, lifestyles, and standards of living in South Asia. It will address three essential questions: 1) What effect does religion have on lifestyles in South Asia and how is this impacted by globalization? 2) What is the impact of globalization on language? 3) What challenges has modernization brought to South Asia? The discussion will focus on how globalization is influencing beliefs, culture, and ways of life in the region.
Physical Geography Of South Asia
The document provides information about the physical geography of South Asia, including its major political features, mountains, plains/plateaus, islands, and rivers. It identifies the six countries in the region and their capitals. It then describes the Himalayan mountain range along the northern border, the Hindu Kush and Vindhya ranges, and the Deccan, Karnataka, Chota Nagpur, and Indo-Gangetic plains. It discusses the islands of Sri Lanka and the Maldives and the three major river systems of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers.
Modern Day Industries and Economic Challenges in SSA
The document discusses human-environment interaction in Africa south of the Sahara. It notes that the major modern industries in the region are agriculture, mining, fishing, logging and manufacturing. However, many countries face economic challenges including reliance on exporting raw materials, uneven distribution of mineral wealth, deforestation, and lack of industrial development. Armed conflicts also halt food production and cause additional economic problems. The document provides information on these industries and challenges through a question and answer format to help students learn.
Climate And Vegetation of Africa South of the Sahara
The document discusses climate and vegetation zones in sub-Saharan Africa. It identifies several key climate determinants for the region, most importantly that most of it lies in the tropics. It describes the tropical rainforest climate near the equator with heavy rainfall supporting canopy trees up to 150 feet tall. It also describes tropical savannas that cover around half the region with seasonal rainfall and scattered trees. Finally, it notes dry climates including steppe lands between savannas and deserts, and desert regions including the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari deserts.
The Physical Features of Sub Saharan Africa
1) Sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by huge plateaus, mountains, and valleys. The largest is the Sahara Desert located in northern Africa. 2) Major physical features include broad plateaus, steep escarpments along the edges of plateaus, rivers that plunge over escarpments forming waterfalls, and the Great Rift Valley that stretches over 3,500 miles. 3) Major water systems were influenced by ancient landforms and include lakes like Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi, Volta, and Chad, as well as the great rivers Congo, Niger, and Zambezi, which provide hydroelectric power potential.
Preview Activity - Unit 7
This document is a preview activity for learning about Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the mention of the 5 themes, the summary will likely discuss the geography, culture, government, economics and history of Sub-Saharan Africa at a high level in 2-3 sentences to provide an overview of what will be covered.
Culture Of Sub Saharan Africa
The document summarizes key aspects of culture and lifestyles in Africa south of the Sahara, including major religions, languages, arts, education, health care, and cities. Christianity and Islam are the most common religions along coasts and in West Africa respectively, while native religions are found throughout. Over 800 languages are spoken, with French, English, and Swahili being major languages. The arts are usually focused on traditional beliefs through wood carvings, textiles, drums, and oral traditions. Education levels are rising but still only 60% can read/write. Health care is improving but diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and malnutrition remain challenges. The largest cities are Lagos, Kinshasa, and Ab
Standard31
There were several causes that led to the Mexican Independence movement in 1810-1821:
1. Enlightenment ideas from Europe spread and challenged the authority of clergy, nobles, and absolute rulers, encouraging Mexicans to question and reform their government.
2. Problems in Europe like the French Revolution weakened Spain's control over its colonies as it focused on its own issues.
3. Mexicans, especially Criollos, grew discontented under colonial rule as they had no freedom, power, or say in how they were governed and taxed.
4. Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo and others like Ignacio Allende and Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez organized resistance
Standard32
After gaining independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico faced significant political instability and economic challenges. The new nation struggled with conflicts between conservatives who wanted to maintain the colonial social and political structure and liberals who pushed for more democratic reforms. This instability was exacerbated by the frequent coups and short presidencies of strongmen like Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who ruled as a dictator and overthrew civilian governments. Within its first three decades, Mexico experienced over 50 changes in government and failed to establish lasting political institutions, leaving the new country weakened as it faced external threats from the United States.
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History and Formation
The IPL was launched by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008, inspired by the success of domestic T20 leagues like the English T20 Cup and the now-defunct Indian Cricket League (ICL). Lalit Modi, the then Vice-President of BCCI, played a crucial role in conceptualizing and launching the league. The inaugural season kicked off in April 2008 with eight franchises representing different cities in India.
Structure and Format
The IPL follows a franchise-based model, where teams are owned by a mix of corporations, Bollywood stars, and other high-profile individuals. The league originally started with eight teams, although the number has fluctuated over the years due to various reasons including expansions and terminations. As of the latest seasons, the IPL features ten teams.
The tournament format includes a double round-robin stage, where each team plays the others twice, followed by playoffs. The top four teams from the round-robin stage qualify for the playoffs, which consist of two qualifiers, an eliminator, and the final. This format ensures a highly competitive and engaging tournament, culminating in a grand finale to crown the champion.
Teams and Their Evolution
The founding teams of the IPL were:
Chennai Super Kings (CSK)
Delhi Daredevils (now Delhi Capitals)
Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings)
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
Mumbai Indians (MI)
Rajasthan Royals (RR)
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)
Deccan Chargers (now defunct, replaced by Sunrisers Hyderabad)
Over the years, the league has seen new teams such as Pune Warriors India, Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Gujarat Lions, and Rising Pune Supergiant. The most recent additions are the Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, introduced in the 2022 season.
Iconic Players and Performances
The IPL has attracted the best talent from around the world, with numerous iconic players making significant contributions. Some of the standout performers include:
Sachin Tendulkar (MI): The "Little Master" brought his legendary status to the IPL, winning the Orange Cap (top run-scorer) in 2010.
Chris Gayle (RCB, KXIP): Known for his explosive batting, Gayle holds the record for the highest individual score in an IPL match (175*).
MS Dhoni (CSK): Dhoni's leadership has been instrumental in CSK's success, leading them to multiple titles.
AB de Villiers (RCB): Renowned for his innovative stroke play, de Villiers has been a consistent match-winner.
Virat Kohli (RCB): The highest run-scorer in IPL history, Kohli's batting prowess is unmatched.
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Chapter 14
- 1. The Expansive Realm of Islam Chapter 14
- 5. The Bedouin
- 6. Trade Routes
- 8. Mecca
- 12. The Quran
- 16. Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
- 18. Five Pillars of Faith