Chapter 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
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Sains Tingkatan 2
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Chapter 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita
- 1. 1.1 Sensory Organs Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 2. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sensory Organs Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sensory Organs Very important To detect changes around us Sensory organs Tongue Ear Skin Nose Eye To taste To hear To touch To smell To see
- 3. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Organ Deria Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Organ Deria Sangat penting Untuk mengesan perubahan disekeliling kita Organ Deria Lidah Telinga Kulit Nose Eye Untuk merasa Untuk mendengar Untuk menyentuh Untuk menghidu Untuk melihat
- 4. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sensory Organs Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Pathway From Stimulus To ResponsePathway From Stimulus To Response Stimulus Receptors in sensory organs Nerve impulses Nerves Nerve impulses Response Effectors (e.g. muscles, glands) Nerve impulses Nerves Nerve impulses
- 5. ITeach – Sains Tingkaran 2 Organ Deria Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Laluan Dari Rangsangan Ke Gerak BalasLaluan Dari Rangsangan Ke Gerak Balas Rangsangan Reseptor dalam organ deria Impuls saraf Saraf Impuls saraf Gerak balas Efektor (cth: otot, kelenjar) Impuls saraf Saraf Impuls saraf
- 6. 1.2 Sense of Touch Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 7. ITeach – Sains Form 2 Sense of Touch Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Human Skin Largest organ in the body Can detect changes in temperature, pain, touch and pressure
- 8. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Sentuh Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Kulit Manusia Organ terbesar di dalam tubuh Boleh mengesan sebarang perubahan suhu, sakit, sentuhan dan tekanan
- 9. Dermis Epidermis Receptors Sweat glands Blood vessels ITeach – Sains Form 2 Sense of Touch Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Skin Structure Contains : Dermis (Inner layer) Touch receptor Pressure receptor Hair Pain receptor Heat receptor Cold receptor Sweat gland Blood vessel Waterproof Tough Act as a protective layer Epidermis (Outer Layer) Fatty layer
- 10. Dermis Epidermis Receptor Kelenjar peluh Salur darah ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Rasa Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Struktur Kulit Mengandungi : Dermis (Lapisan dalam) Reseptor sentuhan Reseptor tekanan Rambut Reseptor sakit Reseptor haba Reseptor sejuk Kelenjar peluh Salur darah Tahan air Kuat Bertindak sebagai lapisan pelindung Epidermis (Lapisan luar) Lapisan lemak
- 11. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sense of Touch Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sensitivity of skinSensitivity of skin Differs at different parts of the body Thickness of epidermis Number of receptors Depends on
- 12. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Sentuh Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Kepekaan kulitKepekaan kulit Berbeza pada bahagian badan yang berlainan Ketebalan epidermis Bilangan reseptor Bergantung kepada
- 13. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sense of Touch Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Parts Sensitive To TouchParts Sensitive To Touch More sensitive to touch Less sensitive to touch Lips Behind of the ears Fingertips The back of neck Elbow Knee Palm of the hand Buttocks
- 14. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Sentuh Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Bahagian Badan Yang Sensitif Kepada SentuhanBahagian Badan Yang Sensitif Kepada Sentuhan Lebih sensitif kepada sentuhan Kurang sensitif kepada sentuhan Bibir Belakang telinga Hujung jari Belakang leher Siku Lutut Tapak tangan Punggung
- 15. 1.3 Sense of Smell Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 16. Helps breathing and smellingHelps breathing and smelling ITeach – Sains Form 2 Sense of Smell Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses NoseNose Sensory cell Nerve from the brain Nasal cavity Nostril Air current
- 17. Membantu pernafasan dan menghidu bauMembantu pernafasan dan menghidu bau ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Bau Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita HidungHidung Sel deria Saraf ke otak Rongga hidung Lubang hidung Aliran udara
- 18. ITeach – Sains Form 2 Sense of Smell Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Pathway of Smell DetectionPathway of Smell Detection Chemicals in vapour form enters nasal cavity Chemicals dissolves in mucous lining and stimulates receptors Smell is identified Brain interprets the impulse Nerve impulse Brain
- 19. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Bau Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Laluan Pengesanan BauLaluan Pengesanan Bau Bahan kimia dalam bentuk wap masuk ke rongga hidung Bahan kimia melarut dalam lapisan mukus dan merangsangkan reseptor Bau dikenal pasti Otak mentafsir impuls Impuls saraf Otak
- 20. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sense of Smell Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sensitivity of NoseSensitivity of Nose The strength of smell The strength of smell The presence of mucous The presence of mucous Depends on
- 21. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Bau Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Kepekaan HidungKepekaan Hidung Kekuatan bau Kekuatan bau Kehadiran mukus Kehadiran mukus Bergantung kepada
- 22. 1.4 Sense of Taste Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 23. ITeach – Science Form 2 Sense of Taste Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Tongue To detect taste Sweet Sour Bitter Salty Bitter (bitter gourd, black coffee without sugar) Sour (lime, vinegar) Salty (salt)Salty Sour Sweet (honey, ice-cream)
- 24. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Deria Rasa Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Lidah Untuk mengesan rasa Manis Masam Pahit Masin Pahit (peria, kopi tanpa gula) Masam (limau, cuka) Masin (garam)Masin Masam Manis (madu, aiskrim)
- 25. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses The pathway of Taste DetectionThe pathway of Taste Detection Food is chewed Chemicals from food dissolves in saliva and stimulates receptors in taste bud Taste is identified Brain interprets the taste Nerve impulse Brain Sense of Taste
- 26. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Laluan Pengesanan RasaLaluan Pengesanan Rasa Makanan dikunyah Bahan kimia daripada makanan larut dalam air liur dan merangsangkan reseptor dalam tunas rasa Rasa dikenal pasti Otak mentafsirkan rasa Impuls saraf Otak Deria Rasa
- 27. 1.5 Sense of Hearing Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 28. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Hearing Helps to hear EarEar Outer ear Middle ear Consists of 3 main parts Inner ear Pinna Auditory canal Eardrum Auditory nerve Cochlea Semicircular canals Eustachian tube Ossicles
- 29. Telinga Luar Telinga Tengah Telinga Dalam ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Pendengaran Membantu pendengaran TelingaTelinga Telinga luar Telinga tengah Terdiri daripada 3 bahagian Telinga dalam Cuping telinga Salur auditori Gegendang telinga Saraf auditori Koklea Salur separa bulat Tiub Eustachio Osikel
- 30. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Hearing Hearing Mechanism (a) Pinna (b) Auditory canal (c) Eardrum (d) Ossicles (e) Cochlea (f) Auditory nerves Brain
- 31. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Pendengaran Mekanisme Pendengaran (a) Cuping telinga (b) Salur auditori (c) Gegendang telinga (d) Osikel (e) Koklea (f) Saraf auditori Otak Telinga Luar Telinga Dalam Telinga Tengah
- 32. 1.6 Sense of Sight Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 33. Blind spot Optic nerve Eye muscle Yellow spot (fovea) Retina Choroid Sclera Ciliary body Vitreous humour Aqueous humour Conjunctiva Sunspensory ligaments Iris Cornea Pupil ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Sight Human Eye Helps to see Slightly flattened ball The front of eye is protected by eyelid The Eyeball is made of 3 layers Sclera Choroid Retina Blind spot Optic nerve Eye muscle Yellow spot (fovea) Retina Choroid Sclera Ciliary body Vitreous humour Aqueous humour Conjunctiva Suspensory ligaments Iris Cornea Pupil
- 34. Bintik buta Saraf optik Otot mata Bintik kuning (fovea) Retina Koroid Sklera Jasad silia Gelemaca Gelemair Konjunktiva Ligamen penggantung Iris Kornea Anak mata Mata manusia Membenarkan kita untuk melihat Bola yang agak pipih Bahagian hadapan mata dilindungi kelopak mata Bola mata terdiri daripada 3 lapisan Sklera Koroid Retina Bintik buta Saraf optik Otot mata Bintik kuning (fovea) Retina Koroid Sklera Jasad silia Gelemaca Gelemair KonjunKtiva Ligamen penggantung Iris Kornea Anak mata ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Penglihatan
- 35. Retina - Detects light stimulus and changes it into nerve impulses Iris - Controls the size of pupil and amount of light entering the eye ITeach – Science Form 2 Structures and Functions of Human Eye Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Sight Sclera - Protects and maintains the shape of the eyeball Cornea - Allows light to enter the eye and focuses it on the retina Lens - Refracts and focuses the light to form an image on the retina Choroid - Supplies food and oxygen to the eye, absorb and avoid light reflection in eye Pupil - Controls amount of light to enter the eye Suspensory ligament - Supports and holds the lens in place Vitreous humour - Maintains the shape of the eye - Refracts light onto the retina - Disperses and focuses image on the retina Ciliary muscle - Changes the thickness of the lens Aqueous humour - Refracts and focuses the light entering the eye Conjunctiva - Protects the cornea Yellow spot - Most sensitive to light where object seen will be focused here Blind spot - Not sensitive to light Blind spot Optic nerve Eye muscle Yellow spot (fovea) Retina Choroid Sclera Ciliary body Vitreous humour Aqueous humour Conjunctiva Sunspensory ligaments Iris Cornea Pupil
- 36. Retina – Mengesan cahaya dan mengubahnya kepada impuls saraf Iris – Mengawal saiz anak mata dan jumlah cahaya yang memasuki mata ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Struktur Dan Fungsi Mata Manusia Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Penglihatan Sklera – Melindungi dan mengekalkan bentuk mata Kornea – Membenarkan cahaya memasuki mata dan memfokusnya pada retina Kanta – Membias dan memfokus cahaya untuk Membentuk imej pada retina Koroid – Membekalkan makanan dan oksigen kepada mata, menyerap dan mengelakkan pantulan cahaya dalam mata Anak mata – Mengawal jumlah cahaya yang memasuki mata Ligamen penggantung – Menyokong dan memegang kanta Gelemaca - Mengekalkan bentuk mata - Membias cahaya ke atas retina - Menyebar dan memfokus imej pada retinaOtot silia – Mengubah ketebalan kanta Gelemair – Membias dan memfokus cahaya yang memasuki mata Konjunktiva - Melindungi kornea Bintik kuning – Paling peka cahaya di mana objek yang dilihat difokuskan di sini Bintik buta – Tidak peka cahaya Bintik buta Saraf optik Otot mata Bintik kuing (fovea) Retina Koroid Sklera Jasad silia Gelamaca Gelemair Konjunktiva Ligamen penggantung Iris Kornea Anak mata
- 37. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Sight The Sight Mechanism Object reflects or gives out light light travels through Cornea refracts light Aqueous humour refracts light Pupil controls the amount of lightLens focuses the light raysVitreous humour refracts light Brain sends impulses Optic nerve sensitive to light raysRetina Interprets the message Object is seen In upright position Image Real Inverted Diminished Light rays from object
- 38. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Penglihatan Mekanisma Penglihatan Objek memantul atau mengeluarkan cahaya cahaya bergerak melalui Kornea membias cahaya Gelemair membias cahaya Anak mata mengawal kuantiti cahayaKanta memfokus sinar cahayaGelemaca membias cahaya Otak Menghantar impuls Saraf optik peka cahaya Retina Mentafsir masej Objek dilihat Dalam kedudukan tegak Imej Nyata Songsang Kecil Sinar cahaya daripada objek
- 39. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sense of Sight How do we see? To see clearly, light rays has to be focused onto the retina. Hence, the lens change its thickness by the action of the ciliary body.
- 40. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Deria Penglihatan Bagaimana kita melihat? Untuk melihat dengan jelas, sinar cahaya mesti difokuskan pada retina Maka, kanta mengubah ketebalannya melalui tindakan jasad silia
- 41. 1.7 Light and Sight Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 42. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight LightLight A form of energy. Travels in straight line at the speed of 3 x 108 m/s. Can be reflected – light bounces off the surface of an object. Can be refracted – light bends when it enters a medium of different density. reflection refraction
- 43. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan CahayaCahaya Satu bentuk tenaga. Bergerak dalam garis lurus pada kelajuan 3 x 108 m/s. Boleh dipantulkan – cahaya terpantul pada permukaan objek Boleh dibiaskan – cahaya membengkok apabila memasuki medium berlainan ketumpatan Pantulan cahaya Pembiasan cahaya
- 44. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Vision Defects Short- sightedness Astigmatism Presbyopia Long- sightedness Colour- blindness Happen when image is not formed on the retina
- 45. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Kecacatan Penglihatan Rabun jauh Astigmatisme Presbyopia Rabun dekat Buta warna Berlaku apabila cahaya tidak difokus dengan tepat pada retina
- 46. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Short-SightednessShort-Sightedness Rays from distant object Image is focused in front of the retina Concave lens Sharp image is formed on the retina Rays from distant object Lens too thick Eyeball too long
- 47. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Rabun Jauh (Myopia)Rabun Jauh (Myopia) Sinar dari objek jauh Imej difokus di hadapan retina Kanta cekung Imej tajam terbentuk pada retina Sinar dari objek jauh Kanta terlalu tebal Bola mata terlalu panjang
- 48. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Long-SightednessLong-Sightedness Rays from near object Light is not focused on the retina and the image is formed behind the retina Convex lens Sharp image is formed on the retina Rays from near object Lens too thin Eyeball too short
- 49. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Rabun Dekat (Hypermetropia)Rabun Dekat (Hypermetropia) Sinar dari objek sekat Cahaya tidak difokus pada retina dan imej terbentuk di belakang retina Kanta cembung Imej tajam terbentuk pada retina Sinar dari objek sekat Kanta terlalu nipis Bola mata terlalu pendek
- 50. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Colour Blindness Colour Blindness Due to reduce number of colour receptors or Due to reduce number of colour receptors or Due to defects of colour receptors Due to defects of colour receptors Not able to differentiate some or all colours Not able to differentiate some or all colours Cannot be corrected Cannot be corrected
- 51. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Buta WarnaButa Warna Disebabkan oleh kekurangan bilangan reseptor warna atau Disebabkan oleh kekurangan bilangan reseptor warna atau Disebabkan oleh kecacatan reseptor warna Disebabkan oleh kecacatan reseptor warna Tidak dapat membezakan sesetengah atau semua warna Tidak dapat membezakan sesetengah atau semua warna Tidak boleh diperbetulkan Tidak boleh diperbetulkan
- 52. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight AstigmatismAstigmatism Due to irregular curvature of cornea or lens Causes blur vision Can be corrected with cylindrical lenses
- 53. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan AstigmatismeAstigmatisme Disebabkan permukaan kornea atau kanta yang tidak sekata Menyebabkan penglihatan kabur Boleh diperbetulkan dengan menggunakan kanta silinder
- 54. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Limitations of Sight Optical illusions Blind spot Brain cannot interpret correctly Brain is confused by conditions around the object Images fall on the parts without photo receptors
- 55. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Had Penglihatan Ilusi optik Bintik buta Otak tidak dapat mentafsir dengan betul Otak keliru dengan keadaan di sekeliling objek Imej jatuh pada bintik buta iaitu bahagian pada retina yang tidak mempunyai fotoreseptor
- 56. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Light and Sight Stereoscopic and Monoscopic Vision Stereoscopic Vision 3 dimensional image Can estimate distance and position accurately Example : Human, cat Monoscopic Vision Visual fields not overlap Have wide field of vision Example : fish, bird Visual field of right eye Overlapping visual field Visual field of left eye Narrow vision field or each eye Wide angle of vision for each eye No overlapping visual fields
- 57. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Cahaya Dan Penglihatan Penglihatan Stereoskopik Dan Monokular Penglihatan Stereoskopik Imej 3 dimensi Menganggar jarak dan kedudukan dengan tepat Contoh : Manusia, kucing Penglihatan Monokular Medan penglihatan tidak bertindih Medan penglihatan luas Contoh : ikan, burung Medan penglihatan mata kanan Pertindihan medan penglihatan Medan penglihatan mata kiri Medan penglihatan sempit bagi kedua-dua mata Medan penglihatan luas bagi kedua-dua mata Tiada pertindihan medan penglihatan
- 58. 1.8 Sound and Hearing Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 59. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sound and Hearing SoundSound A form of energy produced by vibrations Sound needs a medium to travel Sound travels fastest in solid, slowest in air Sound can be reflected Sound can be absorbed Sound is best absorbed by soft, hollow and rough surfaces. Example pillow, sponge
- 60. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Bunyi Dan Pendengaran BunyiBunyi Satu bentuk tenaga yang dihasilkan oleh getaran Bunyi memerlukan medium untuk bergerak Bunyi bergerak paling laju melalui pepejal, paling lambat melalui udara Bunyi boleh dipantulkan Bunyi boleh diserap Permukaan yang lembut, kasar dan berongga merupakan penyerap bunyi yang paling baik. Contoh bantal, span
- 61. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sound and Hearing Hearing Defects Damage to the hearing centre of the brain Tearing of eardrum Infection of the ossicles Damage to the auditory nerves Damage to the sensory cells of cochlea Deafness
- 62. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Bunyi Dan Pendengaran Kecacatan Pendengara n Kerosakan pusat pendengaran di otak Gegendang telinga terkoyak Jangkitan pada osikel Kerosakan saraf auditori Kerosakan sel deria koklea Pekak
- 63. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sound and Hearing Limitations of Hearing The hearing range for human is 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz Devices to help hearing Microphone : transmit loud sound over a distance Hearing-aid : amplify sound Stethoscope : listen to heart beat
- 64. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Bunyi Dan Pendengaran Had Pendengaran Julat pendengran bagi manusia ialah 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz Alat untuk membantu pendengaran Mikrofon : Menghantar bunyi kuat ke jarak jarak jauh Alat bantu dengar : menguatkan bunyi Stetoskop : mendengar bunyi denyutan jantung
- 65. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Sound and Hearing Stereophonic Hearing Stereophonic Hearing Able to hear with both ears Able to determine direction of sound
- 66. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Bunyi Dan Pendengaran Pendengaran Stereofonik Pendengaran Stereofonik Kebolehan mendengar dengan kedua-dua belah telinga Kebolehan menentukan arah bunyi
- 67. 1.9 Stimuli and Responses In Plant Topic 1 The WorldTopic 1 The World Through Our SensesThrough Our Senses ITeach – Science Form 2
- 68. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Stimuli and Responses In Plant Stimuli and Responses In Plants Plants respond to stimuli like water, gravity, light, touch, temperature and chemicals. Plant respond by growing in certain directions called tropisms. Plants respond slower and lasts longer compare to human’s response.
- 69. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Rangsangan Dan Gerak Balas Dalam Tumbuhan Rangsangan dan gerak balas dalam tumbuhan Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan seperti air, graviti, cahaya, suhu dan bahan kimia. Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan luar melalui pertumbuhan ke arah tertentu. Gerak balas ini dipanggil tropisme Tumbuhan bergerak balas lebih perlahan dan kekal lama berbanding gerak balas manusia.
- 70. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses Stimuli and Responses In Plant Type of Response in Plants Nastic movement mimosa pudica plant folds it leaves when touched Hydrotropism – response to water roots grow towards water Geotropism – response to gravity roots grow downwards shoots grow upwards Phototropism – response to light shoots grow toward light Thigmotropism – response to touch or contact with a solid structure Plants with weak stem wrap their tendrils around a supporting structure Water Maize plant grow towards light Cucumber plant Tendril curls around support
- 71. ITeach – Science Form 2 Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita Rangsangan Dan Gerak Balas Dalam Tumbuhan Jenis- Jenis Gerak Balas Tumbuhan Pergerakan nastik Daun pokok semalu menutup serta merta apabila disentuh Hidrotropisme – gerak balas terhadap air Akar tumbuh ke arah air Geotropisme – gerak balas terhadap graviti Akar tumbuh ke bawah Pucuk tumbuh ke atas Fototropisme – gerak balas terhadap cahaya Pucuk tumbuh ke arah cahaya Tigmotropisme – gerak balas terhadap sentuhan atau apabila bersentuh dengan objek Tumbuhan berbatang lembut melilitkan salur paut disekeliling struktur sokongan Air Pucuk pokok jagung tumbuh ke arah cahaya Tumbuhan timun Salur paut melingkari sokongan
- 72. The End i - Teach