Chapter 1 - Ancient Music
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This document discusses the history of music in antiquity, including prehistoric music dating back 36,000 BCE consisting of whistles and flutes. Ancient Mesopotamian cultures from 4000 BCE are also discussed, with evidence of lyres, harps, lutes, pipes and percussion instruments. Written records from Mesopotamia provide information on instruments, tuning, performers and genres of music used in rituals, daily life and religious ceremonies. Babylonian musical theory from 1800 BCE involved a seven note diatonic scale and is thought to have influenced later Greek music.
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Ancient Chinese music emerged as early as 256 BC during the Zhou Dynasty. Chinese musical instruments can be classified into three main categories: string, wind, and percussion instruments. Confucius, who lived around 2500 years ago, is believed to have established the tone for traditional Chinese music. Chinese music was originally interwoven with dances but evolved into its own art form starting in the Xia Dynasty from 2000 BC to 1600 BC, marking the beginning of a 1300 year period where bells and drums were prominent. In ancient China, musical instruments were privileges reserved for the upper classes. Grand songs and dances, or daqu, were the main style of music from the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty.
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Stone Age people made early instruments by boring holes in bones. Ancient Mesopotamian culture between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers used lyres and harps from the 4th millennium BCE onward. Ancient Greeks had a well-rounded musical culture that used the aulos, kithara, and lyre instruments, with the aulos associated with Dionysus and the lyre with Apollo.
Prelude 2 Music as Commodity and Social Activity
This document contains lecture slides about music from the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. It provides an overview of the time periods from 476 CE to around 1400 CE, including important events and developments. It discusses the role of the Catholic church and Gregorian chant, the rise of cities and trade, as well as secular music at royal courts and by traveling minstrels. Musicians found employment supported by public and aristocratic institutions, and the merchant class emerged as new patrons of music.
fdocuments.in_grade-9-medieval-music.ppt
The document discusses medieval music during the Medieval Period from 400-1400 AD. It describes how Gregorian chant developed as the central tradition of Western plainchant during this time under Pope Gregory I. Chant was monophonic and sung in Latin by male church choirs. The document also discusses the rise of medieval secular music focused on dances, chivalry and romance, which were performed using string instruments. Various musicians called minstrels, troubadours and trouvere traveled between towns to perform.
Music of EgyptMusic has been an important aspect of the culture .docx
Music of Egypt
Music has been an important aspect of the culture in Egypt since time immemorial. Egyptians have been playing music with or without dance for various purposes. Egyptian music mainly takes the form of singing or chanting, and clapping, and the use of different types of musical instruments for various purposes. Egyptian music was in all social spheres in ancient times including the royal, public, and private spheres (Emerit, 2013). Although it was not possible to record or write Egyptian music in the ancient times such as during the early Stone Age to know what Egyptian music was like, it is possible to know the kind of instruments used from ancient artistic works on the walls of tombs. This paper explains the role of music in Egyptian culture and describes the specific instruments used by Egyptians in the ancient times.
Music and Culture
Egyptians are famous for being among the first to infuse music into their culture and in almost every aspect of their lives. Ancient Egyptians acknowledged the existence of gods. The culture of ancient Egyptians consisted of religious beliefs in polytheistic deities where gods were present in every aspect of society. Consequently, Egyptians had to perform religious rituals through music. They played music in locations of worship. The purpose of playing music in worship places was to recognize and show reverence to their gods. For instance, Egyptians believed in the ibis-headed Thoth and the God Bes, the gods responsible for music and dance among other aspects of Egyptian culture (Russell, 2013). They used music during temple rituals to please and appease their gods (Emerit, 2013). They played music in places of worship to acknowledge and honor these gods for bringing music, fertility, language, sexual pleasure, and for keeping evil away from people (Russell, 2013). Processional songs and hymns were also part of religious rituals in Egypt (Bunson, 2002). Music was also a crucial part of cultic ceremonies (Bunson, 2002.) For example, Egyptians used music during the rebirth of dead people during funerals (Emerit, 2013). Therefore, from a religious perspective, music provided a platform for Egyptians to enter the spiritual world and interact with their gods.
Another purpose of Egyptian music in the ancient days was to bring liveliness in all forms of celebrations because celebrations would be incomplete in the absence of music and dance. Both common people and royalties used music primarily for entertainment purposes. Egyptians played musical instruments at parties as singers and dancers sang, danced, and celebrated with other people at the party. Ancient Egyptian music was also an integral aspect of festivals where singers and crowds participated by chanting and clapping to the rhythm produced by musical instruments. Music also encouraged people at work. For instance, ancient Egyptian farmers would sing while working such as during harvest. Music also played a significant role in providi.
Music of china
The document provides information about music in China. It discusses the origins of Chinese music dating back thousands of years. Traditional Chinese music is based on Confucian teachings and aims to purify thoughts rather than amuse. It uses a pentatonic scale and distinctive rhythms, textures, and timbres. Instrumental music is often heterophonic. The document also describes various Chinese musical instruments grouped by the materials they are made of like metal, wood, bamboo, silk and more.
Chinese music
Chinese music has a long history dating back to the Shang Dynasty. During the Han Dynasty, the imperial court established a music department to collect and edit ancient melodies. Most Chinese folk songs use a repetitive formal structure. Confucius believed that music could be used to calm human passions. The development of Chinese music occurred in four periods: the Formative Period where music honored ancestors, the International Period with influences from trade, the National Period where music was enjoyed by all classes, and the World Music Period combining Western and traditional forms. Instruments include flutes, zithers, lutes, fiddles, gongs and wood blocks. Chinese music uses pentatonic and heptatonic scales as well as the lu and
The history of greek music1
Greek music history extends far back to ancient Greece, where music was integral to theater and was used to honor the gods. Instruments included the aulos, lyre, and pipes. Major gods associated with music included Apollo, Orpheus, and the Muses. Music played an important role in education, with students memorizing epics by singing them. Throughout its history, Greek music was influenced by surrounding cultures but maintained elements of Greek folk music. It experienced revivals that celebrated Greek culture and independence.
The middle ages
The document summarizes aspects of music during the Middle Ages, specifically the Dark Ages (450-1000 AD) and High Middle Ages (1000-1450 AD). It describes how the Roman Catholic Church filled a void of authority after the fall of Rome. Plainchant, or Gregorian chant, was the primary sacred music and was monophonic and unaccompanied. The High Middle Ages saw the development of polyphony, musical notation, and composers like Leonin and Perotin of the Notre Dame school. Secular music emerged through troubadours and trouveres. The 14th century was a time of crisis and saw the development of isorhythm and composers like Machaut in the Ars Nova style.
3rd year medieval
The document discusses the history of Western music from the Medieval period through the Renaissance. It describes Gregorian chant as the dominant form of music during the Medieval period. The Medieval period saw the development of polyphony, or multiple, simultaneous musical lines. Notation also progressed from unnotated chant to the beginnings of the modern musical staff. The document outlines the two main eras of Medieval music—Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova—and their key composers and innovations. Secular music developed as well through troubadours and other performers.
The renaissance period
The Renaissance period from 1400-1600 C.E. marked a rebirth of humanism and cultural achievements in the arts, including music. Artists gained more freedom and individualism compared to the strict Medieval era. Printing techniques allowed music to be preserved and distributed. Sacred polyphonic music remained important, but secular music like madrigals grew. Instrumental music expanded with new instruments like the lute and clavichord. Imitation became a key polyphonic technique used by composers like Byrd, Palestrina, and Lassus to make elaborate music more coherent.
Music of china
China is the world's most populous country, located in East Asia. Its capital is Beijing. Traditional Chinese music is based on a pentatonic scale and uses duple meter. It is influenced by Chinese philosophy and is used practically in society to teach and govern. Chinese music originated over 4,000 years ago and uses a five-tone scale. Instruments include bamboo flutes, stone chimes, metal gongs and bells, skin drums, silk lutes and guitars, and gourd mouth organs. Vocal music includes Buddhist chanting, narrative songs, and mountain folk songs.
Chinese Traditional Music (School Presentation 2013)
Traditional Chinese Music School Presentation with nice template and History, Background, Facts, and Key points of Traditional Chinese Music. It contains slides about the Foundation tone, Rites and Ritual, General Traits of Chinese Music, and Traditional Instruments.
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Chapter 1 - Ancient Music
- 1. Music in Antiquity Music 314 - Music History Lourdes College
- 2. Historical Traces of Music Physical Objects (Instruments) Visual Images Writings about Music and Musicians Notated Music
- 3. Prehistoric Music Before 36,000 BCE - Whistles and flutes from stone age in europe 6,000 BCE - Turkish cave paintings show drummers and dancers 4,000 BCE - Bronze age instruments (bells, cymbals, horns 4,000 BCE - Stone carvings show string instruments
- 4. Ancient Mesopotamia Several cultures, first cities, first known form of writing Clay tablets in cuneiform mention music Pictures show musicians with instruments
- 5. Ancient Mesopotamian instruments Surviving instruments include: Lyres and harps Lutes and pipes Drums, bells, other percussion instruments Evidence of music survives from the ruling class
- 6. Uses of music in mesopotamia Ritual - weddings, funerals Daily life - nursery songs, work songs, dance music Festival entertainment Religious ceremonies Story-telling songs
- 7. Written records from mesopotamia Written records of instruments, tuning procedures, performers, techniques, and genres (types of musical compositions) Earliest known composer: Enheduanna (high priestess of ur) She composed hymns to various gods and goddesses Only the text of her hymns survive
- 8. Babylonia 1800 BCE Instructions for tuning a string instrument using a seven note diatonic scale Development of interval theory, used to create the earliest known notation (1300 BCE) Not enough known about the system to put it into modern notation Most music, however, performed from memory or improvised Bablyonian musical theory seems to have influenced the later greeks
- 9. Other ancient civilizatons Instruments, writings and images of musical culture have survived from India and china, but did not influence greek or european music Egyptian sources includes artifacts, paintings, and writings, but no notated music Bible describes religious musical practices in ancient Israel