The document discusses unemployment and its measurement. It describes how the US Census Bureau conducts monthly surveys to determine the labor force status. There are three categories for unemployment: those without work but seeking in past 4 weeks, waiting to be recalled from layoff, or waiting to start a new job within 30 days. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed, while the employment-population ratio is the percentage of the working age population with jobs. Unemployment can be frictional from job turnover, structural from skills/location changes, or cyclical from business cycle fluctuations.
In this comprehensive chapter on unemployment, we embark on an explorative journey into the intricate dynamics of joblessness, aiming to dissect its multifaceted nature and illuminate pathways towards meaningful solutions.
We commence our inquiry by delineating the diverse manifestations of unemployment, discerning between frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Each form bears its distinct characteristics and implications, necessitating nuanced approaches for effective intervention.
Delving deeper, we unravel the underlying drivers of unemployment, which encompass a constellation of factors spanning technological innovation, globalization, mismatched skills, and economic fluctuations. Understanding these root causes is pivotal for devising targeted strategies that address the systemic barriers to employment.
Furthermore, we scrutinize the reverberating ripple effects of unemployment across individuals, families, and communities. From financial insecurity and diminished well-being to social disintegration and diminished human capital, the repercussions of joblessness permeate every facet of society, underscoring the urgency of concerted action.
Turning our gaze towards potential remedies, we embark on a quest to unearth pathways towards inclusive prosperity. We advocate for investments in education and skills development, fostering a dynamic workforce equipped to thrive in an ever-evolving labor market. Additionally, we champion the imperative of proactive labor market policies, including job creation initiatives, wage subsidies, and retraining programs tailored to the needs of vulnerable populations.
Moreover, we spotlight the catalytic role of entrepreneurship and innovation in engendering job growth and economic resilience. By cultivating an ecosystem conducive to enterprise, we nurture the seeds of innovation and empower individuals to chart their own pathways to prosperity.
Yet, our quest for solutions extends beyond policy prescriptions to encompass a broader ethos of social solidarity and collective responsibility. We underscore the imperative of forging partnerships across sectors, harnessing the collective ingenuity of government, business, civil society, and academia to forge a more equitable and inclusive future.
In sum, this chapter serves as a testament to the complexities of unemployment and the imperative of collective action. By embracing a holistic approach that addresses the structural roots of joblessness while fostering individual empowerment, we can aspire towards a future where every individual has the opportunity to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society.
In this comprehensive chapter on unemployment, we embark on an explorative journey into the intricate dynamics of joblessness, aiming to dissect its multifaceted nature and illuminate pathways towards meaningful solutions.
We commence our inquiry by delineating the diverse manifestations of unemployment, discerning between frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Each form bears its distinct characteristics and implications, necessitating nuanced approaches for effective intervention.
Delving deeper, we unravel the underlying drivers of unemployment, which encompass a constellation of factors spanning technological innovation, globalization, mismatched skills, and economic fluctuations. Understanding these root causes is pivotal for devising targeted strategies that address the systemic barriers to employment.
Furthermore, we scrutinize the reverberating ripple effects of unemployment across individuals, families, and communities. From financial insecurity and diminished well-being to social disintegration and diminished human capital, the repercussions of joblessness permeate every facet of society, underscoring the urgency of concerted action.
Turning our gaze towards potential remedies, we embark on a quest to unearth pathways towards inclusive prosperity. We advocate for investments in education and skills development, fostering a dynamic workforce equipped to thrive in an ever-evolving labor market. Additionally, we champion the imperative of proactive labor market policies, including job creation initiatives, wage subsidies, and retraining programs tailored to the needs of vulnerable populations.
Moreover, we spotlight the catalytic role of entrepreneurship and innovation in engendering job growth and economic resilience. By cultivating an ecosystem conducive to enterprise, we nurture the seeds of innovation and empower individuals to chart their own pathways to prosperity.
Yet, our quest for solutions extends beyond policy prescriptions to encompass a broader ethos of social solidarity and collective responsibility. We underscore the imperative of forging partnerships across sectors, harnessing the collective ingenuity of government, business, civil society, and academia to forge a more equitable and inclusive future.
In sum, this chapter serves as a testament to the complexities of unemployment and the imperative of collective action. By embracing a holistic approach that addresses the structural roots of joblessness while fostering individual empowerment, we can aspire towards a future where every individual has the opportunity to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society.
Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Scope Of Macroeconomics introduction and basic theories
Employment and Unemployment
1. Employment and Unemployment
Why Unemployment Is a Problem
Unemployment results in
• Lost incomes and production
• Lost human capital
The loss of income is devastating for those who bear it.
Prolonged unemployment permanently damages a person’s job
prospects by destroying human capital.
2. Employment and Unemployment
Current Population Survey
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts a monthly population survey to
determine the status of the U.S. labor force.
The population is divided into two groups:
1. The working-age population—the number of people aged 16
years and older who are not in jail, hospital, or some other
institution
2. People too young to work (under 16 years of age) or in
institutional care
3. Employment and Unemployment (4 of 27)
The working-age population is divided into two groups:
1. People in the labor force
2. People not in the labor force
The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed workers.
4. Employment and Unemployment (5 of 27)
To be counted as unemployed, a person must be in one of the
following three categories:
1. Without work but has made specific efforts to find a job within
the previous four weeks
2. Waiting to be called back to a job from which he or she has
been laid off
3. Waiting to start a new job within 30 days
5. Employment and Unemployment (6 of 27)
Figure 5.1 shows the labor force
categories.
In May 2021:
Population: 331 million
Working-age population: 261
million
Labor force: 161 million
Employed: 152 million
Unemployed: 9 million
6. Employment and Unemployment (7 of 27)
Three Labor Market Indicators
• The unemployment rate
• The employment-to-population ratio
• The labor force participation rate
7. Employment and Unemployment (8 of 27)
The Unemployment Rate
The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that
is unemployed.
The unemployment rate is
Number of people unemployed labor f
( o ce)
r 100.
In May 2021, the labor force was 160.9 million and
9.3 million were unemployed, so the unemployment rate was 5.8
percent.
The unemployment rate increases in a recession and reaches its
peak value after the recession ends.
8. Employment and Unemployment
The Employment-to-Population Ratio
The employment-to-population ratio is the percentage of the
working-age population who have jobs.
The employment-to-population ratio is
Employment ÷ Working- age population 100.
( )×
In May 2021, the employment was 151.6 million and the working-
age population was 261.3 million.
The employment-to-population ratio was 58 percent.
9. Employment and Unemployment
The Labor Force Participation Rate
The labor force participation rate is the percentage of the
working-age population who are members of the labor force.
The labor force participation rate is
Labor force Working-age populat
( on)
i 100.
In May 2021, the labor force was 160.9 million and the working-
age population was 261.3 million.
The labor force participation rate was 61.6 percent.
10. Employment and Unemployment
Other Definitions of Unemployment
The purpose of the unemployment rate is to measure the
underutilization of labor resources.
The BLS believes that the unemployment rate gives a correct
measure.
But the official measure is an imperfect measure because it
excludes
• Marginally attached workers
• Part-time workers who want full-time jobs
11. Employment and Unemployment
Marginally Attached Workers
A marginally attached worker is a person who currently is neither
working nor looking for work but has indicated that he or she
wants and is available for a job and has looked for work sometime
in the recent past.
A discouraged worker is a marginally attached worker who has
stopped looking for a job because of repeated failure to find one.
12. Employment and Unemployment
Part-Time Workers Who Want Full-Time Jobs
Many part-time workers want to work part time, but some part-
time workers would like full-time jobs and can’t find them.
In the official statistics, these workers are called economic part-
time workers and they are partly unemployed.
Most Costly Unemployment
All unemployment is costly, but the most costly is long-term
unemployment that results from job loss.
13. • There is always someone without a job who is searching for
one, so there is always some unemployment. The key reason is
that the economy is a complex mechanism that is always
changing—it experiences frictions, structural change, and
cycles.
15. Employment and Unemployment
Frictional Unemployment
Frictional unemployment is unemployment that arises from
normal labor market turnover.
The creation and destruction of jobs requires that unemployed
workers search for new jobs.
Businesses don’t usually hire the first person who applies for a
job, and unemployed people don’t usually take the first job that
comes their way. Instead, both firms and workers spend time
searching for what they believe will be the best available match.
16. Employment and Unemployment (21 of
27)
Structural Unemployment
Structural unemployment is unemployment created by changes in
technology and foreign competition that change the skills needed
to perform jobs or the locations of jobs.
Structural unemployment lasts longer than frictional
unemployment.
17. Employment and Unemployment (22 of
27)
Cyclical Unemployment
Cyclical unemployment is higher than normal unemployment at a
business cycle trough and lower than normal unemployment at a
business cycle peak.
A worker who is laid off because the economy is in a recession and
is then rehired when the expansion begins experiences cyclical
unemployment.