This document discusses unemployment, defining it as people without jobs who have actively looked for work in the past four weeks. It then classifies different types of unemployment such as cyclical, seasonal, frictional, structural, and disguised unemployment. Causes of unemployment mentioned include high population growth, lack of employment opportunities, seasonal employment patterns, a slow developing industrial sector, and insufficient economic progress. The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed workers as a percentage of the total labor force. Solutions proposed to address unemployment include changing investment patterns, encouraging small enterprises, reorienting education, increasing access to credit, and providing incentives for new job initiatives.

1. UNEMPLOYMENT
Submitted By :Dipto Dey
ID : 011 162 11
Sec: B

2. “Unemployment occurs when people
are without jobs and they have
actively looked for work within the
past four weeks”
What is unemployment ?
The unemployment may be defined as
the gap between the potential “full
employment” and number of employed
persons.
Measurement point of view:

3. CLASSIFICATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT….
unemployment
Involuntary
voluntary
Cyclical
Disguised
Structural
Seasonal
Frictional

4. A person is out of job because of his
own desire to not to work on the
prevalent or prescribed wages.
A person is separated from
remunerative work and devoid of
wages although he is capable of
earning his wages and is also anxious
to earn them.
Voluntary
Involuntary

5. Cyclical Unemployment:
• Part of the capitalistic system and a part of trade cycle.
•There is a greater unemployment and when there is a depression a large number of people are rendered
unemployed.
Seasonal Unemployment:
• Certain industries and traders engage workers for a particular season.
• When the season ends workers are rendered unemployed. e.g. Sugar Industry
Frictional Unemployment:
•The time period between jobs when a worker is searching for, or transitioning from one job to another.

6. Structural:
•When labour market in unable to provide jobs for everyone.
• Reasons:- population overgrowth and mismatch between expectation of employers and skills
of unemployed
Disguised :
•When more people are engaged in work than actually required e.g. agriculture sector

7. Reason behind unemployment :
-Unskillful
Workers
-over 70% of
total worker are
illiterate
-Rise of
organization sector
-Technology
-RepTaoism
-Retirement
workers still want
to work
-Lack of
complementary
factors of
production i.e: land
,capital.
-No practical
knowledge

8. Causes of unemployment :
• High Population growth.
• Absence of employment opportunities.
• Seasonal Employment.
• Joint Family System.
• Increasing turnout of students from different Universities of Bangladesh.
• Slow Developing of Industries.
• Insufficient Rate of Economic Progress.

9. Economists typically focus on the unemployment rate.The unemployment rate is
expressed as a percentage, and is calculated as follows:
Unemployment rate=unemployed worker/total labor force*1oo
As defined by the International labor organization, "unemployed workers" are those
who are currently not working but are willing and are able to work for pay, currently
available to work, and actively searching for
The law of Measurement

10. Solutions:::
• A Change in the pattern of investment
• Encouragement to small enterprises as against big enterprises
• Problem of Choice of technique
• Encouragement of New Growth Centers in SmallTowns and Rural Areas
• Subsidies on the Basis of Employment
• Reorientation of Educational Policy
• Increase access to credit to encourage entrepreneurship
• Provide incentives for new initiatives
• Strengthen or enforce legislation
• Publicize opportunities in the media

11. THANKYOU…..