This document summarizes input handling in the XNA framework. It discusses the different input sources supported, including the Xbox 360 controller, keyboard, and mouse. It describes how to retrieve input states and check for button presses and analog stick positions. It provides examples of moving game objects using keyboard and mouse input. The document also covers reading input from controllers, including digital buttons, d-pads, analog thumbsticks and triggers. It demonstrates how to check button and trigger states and set controller vibration.

1. Game Input Tran Minh Triet – Nguyen KhacHuy Faculty of Information Technology University of Science, VNU-HCM

2. Game Input XNA Framework supports three input sources Xbox 360 controller Wired controller under Windows Wireless or wired for Xbox 360 Up to 4 at a time Keyboard Good default for Windows games Xbox 360 also supports USB keyboards Mouse Windows only (no Xbox 360 support) Poll for input Every clock tick, check the state of your input devices Generally works OK for 1/60th second ticks

3. Digital vs Analog Controls Input devices have two types of controls Digital Reports only two states: on or off Keyboard: keys Controller A, B, X, Y, Back, Start, D-Pad Analog Report a range of values XBox 360 controller: -1.0f to 1.0f Mouse: mouse cursor values (in pixels)

4. Input Type Overview

5. Keyboard Input Handled via the Keyboard class KeyBoard.GetState() retrieves KeyboardState KeyboardState key methods

6. Keyboard Input Example: Checking the “A” key was pressed Moving a rings if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) // BAM!!! A is pressed! KeyboardState keyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) ringsPosition.X -= ringsSpeed; if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) ringsPosition.X += ringsSpeed;

7. Mouse Input Providing a Mouse class to interact Mouse.GetState() retrieves MouseState MouseState important properties

8. Mouse Input

9. Mouse Input Example: Moving the ring On Update() method MouseState prevMouseState; MouseState mouseState = Mouse.GetState(); if(mouseState.X != prevMouseState.X || mouseState.Y != prevMouseState.Y) ringsPosition = new Vector2(mouseState.X, mouseState.Y); prevMouseState = mouseState;

10. Gamepad Input Other Buttons Buttons X Y A B Digital DPad Down Left Right Up

11. Gamepad Input Thumb Sticks Left Right Analogue, range -1..+1

12. Gamepad Input Buttons LeftShoulder RightShoulder Digital

13. Gamepad Input Triggers Left Right Analogue, range 0..+1

14. Gamepad Input - GamePad class A static class Do not need to create an instance to use All methods are static GetState Retrieve current state of all inputs on one controller SetVibration Use to make controller vibrate GetCapabilities Determine which input types are supported. Can check for voice support, and whether controller is connected.

15. Gamepad Input - GamePadState Struct Properties for reading state Digital Input: Buttons, DPad Analog Input: ThumbSticks, Triggers Check connection state: IsConneced PacketNumber Number increases when gamepad state changes Use to check if player has changed gamepad state since last tick

16. Gamepad Input - GamePadState Struct publicstruct GamePadState{public static bool operator !=(GamePadState left, GamePadState right);public static bool operator ==(GamePadState left, GamePadState right); public GamePadButtons Buttons { get; }public GamePadDPad DPad { get; }public bool IsConnected { get; }public int PacketNumber { get; }public GamePadThumbSticks ThumbSticks { get; }public GamePadTriggers Triggers { get; }}

17. Gamepad Input - GamePadButtons Struct Properties for retrieving current button state A, B, X, Y Start, Back LeftStick, RightStick When you press straight down on each joystick, is a button press LeftShoulder, RightShoulder Possible values are given by ButtonState enumeration Released – button is up Pressed – button is down

18. Gamepad Input - GamePadButtons Struct Example // create GamePadState struct GamePadState m_pad; // retrieve current controller state m_pad = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); if (m_pad.Buttons.A == ButtonState.Pressed) // do something if A button pressed| if (m_pad.Buttons.LeftStick == ButtonState.Pressed) // do something if left stick button pressed if (m_pad.Buttons.Start == ButtonState.Pressed) // do something if start button pressed

19. Gamepad Input - GameDPad Struct Properties for retrieving current DPad button state Up, Down, Left, Right Possible values are given by ButtonState enumeration Released – button is up Pressed – button is down

20. Gamepad Input - GameDPad Struct Example // create GamePadState struct GamePadState m_pad; // retrieve current controller state m_pad = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); // do something if DPad up button pressed| if (m_pad.DPad.Up == ButtonState.Pressed) // do something if DPad left button pressed if (m_pad.DPad.Left == ButtonState.Pressed)

21. Gamepad Input – GamePadThumbsticks Struct Each thumbstick has X, Y position Ranges from -1.0f to 1.0f Left (-1.0f), Right (1.0f), Up (1.0f), Down (-1.0f) 0.0f indicates not being pressed at all Represented as a Vector2 So, have Left.X, Left.Y, Right.X, Right.Y

22. Gamepad Input – GamePadThumbsticks Struct Example // create GamePadState struct GamePadState m_pad; // retrieve current controller statem_pad = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); // do something if Left joystick pressed to right|if (m_pad.Thumbsticks.Left.X > 0.0f) // do something if Right joystick pressed down if (m_pad.Thumbsticks.Right.Y < 0.0f)

23. Gamepad Input – GamePadTriggersStruct Each trigger ranges from 0.0f to 1.0f Not pressed: 0.0f Fully pressed: 1.0f Represented as a float Have left and right triggers Properties: Left, Right // create GamePadState struct GamePadState m_pad; // retrieve current controller statem_pad = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); if (m_pad.Triggers.Left != 0.0f) // do something if Left trigger pressed down|if (m_pad.Triggers.Right >= 0.95f) // do something if Right trigger pressed all the way down

24. Gamepad Input – GamePadTriggersStruct Example Each trigger ranges from 0.0f to 1.0f Not pressed: 0.0f Fully pressed: 1.0f Represented as a float Have left and right triggers Properties: Left, Right

25. Gamepad Input - Controller Vibration Can set the vibration level of the gamepad Call SetVibration() on GamePad class Pass controller number, left vibration, right vibration Left motor is low frequency Right motor is high-frequency Turn vibration full on, both motors GamePad.SetVibration(PlayerIndex.One, 1.0f, 1.0f); Turn vibration off, both motors GamePad.SetVibration(PlayerIndex.One, 0f, 0f);

26. Collision detection protected bool Collide() { Rectangle ringsRect = new Rectangle( (int)ringsPosition.X + ringsCollisionRectOffset, (int)ringsPosition.Y + ringsCollisionRectOffset, ringsFrameSize.X - (ringsCollisionRectOffset * 2), ringsFrameSize.Y - (ringsCollisionRectOffset * 2)); Rectangle skullRect = new Rectangle( (int)skullPosition.X + skullCollisionRectOffset, (int)skullPosition.Y + skullCollisionRectOffset, skullFrameSize.X - (skullCollisionRectOffset * 2), skullFrameSize.Y - (skullCollisionRectOffset * 2)); return ringsRect.Intersects(skullRect); }

27. Q&A ?

28. References XNA framework input http:// msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.xna.framework.input.aspx Controller Images http:// creators.xna.com/en-us/contentpack/controller Ebook Learning XNA 3.0 – Aaron Reed