This document contains sections from a World History textbook on World War I and the Russian Revolution. It provides background information on the factors that led to WWI, including nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the system of alliances. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary escalated tensions and how countries aligned in the war. It also outlines new military technologies that changed the way war was fought, such as machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, and tanks.
The document provides an overview of the key events that led to the start of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe in the late 19th century. Alliances formed between the major European powers which increased tensions. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war, with countries honoring their alliances and entering the war on opposing sides. The initial fighting occurred on the Western and Eastern fronts, with major battles inflicting heavy casualties. The US eventually entered the war in 1917 after German submarine warfare threatened American ships.
The document provides background information on the causes and events of World War I. It began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Germany then declared war on Russia, France, and invaded Belgium which caused Britain to declare war on Germany. A key event that brought the US into the war was Germany's sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania, which killed over 1,000 people including 128 Americans. The war was largely fought in trench warfare between the Allied and Central powers until its end in 1919.
1. World War I began due to rising militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism in Europe that created tensions between countries.
2. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip triggered World War I when Austria-Hungary issued a harsh ultimatum to Serbia and alliances pulled countries into the war.
3. New technologies in warfare like submarines, tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons made World War I particularly deadly and changed the nature of combat.
1. World War I began due to rising militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism in Europe that created tensions between countries.
2. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip triggered World War I when Austria-Hungary issued a harsh ultimatum to Serbia and Germany backed Austria, leading other countries to join the fighting.
3. Technology advanced rapidly during World War I, including the introduction of tanks, airplanes, chemical weapons, and long-range artillery that increased the lethality and scale of combat.
World War I was the deadliest war the world had seen to that point, beginning in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. By 1917, new technologies and the use of chemical weapons led to unprecedented casualties as trench warfare took hold. The United States entered the war in 1917, helping turn the tide in favor of the Allies. An armistice in 1918 ended the fighting, leading to peace negotiations and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of alliances that drew the major powers of Europe into war. The war was caused by militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of interlocking alliances. It resulted in over 15 million military and civilian casualties and ended with the defeat of the Central Powers by the Allied forces in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles and its harsh terms against Germany set the stage for World War II.
The document provides background information on the main powers in Europe prior to World War 1, including Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany. It describes their overseas empires, political situations, alliances and rivalries. It then outlines some of the key events that increased tensions between the powers and ultimately led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914.
The document provides an overview of World War I between 1914-1918. It discusses the initial stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug, as well as key events that drew more countries into the war such as Germany's invasion of Belgium in violation of its neutrality. It also mentions Allied propaganda about German atrocities and Wilson's support of the British blockade of Germany despite it violating international law and starving German civilians. The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, which killed over 100 American citizens on board, increased tensions between the US and Germany.
The document provides an overview of the key events that led to the start of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe in the late 19th century. Alliances formed between the major European powers which increased tensions. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war, with countries honoring their alliances and entering the war on opposing sides. The initial fighting occurred on the Western and Eastern fronts, with major battles inflicting heavy casualties. The US eventually entered the war in 1917 after German submarine warfare threatened American ships.
The document provides background information on the causes and events of World War I. It began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Germany then declared war on Russia, France, and invaded Belgium which caused Britain to declare war on Germany. A key event that brought the US into the war was Germany's sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania, which killed over 1,000 people including 128 Americans. The war was largely fought in trench warfare between the Allied and Central powers until its end in 1919.
1. World War I began due to rising militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism in Europe that created tensions between countries.
2. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip triggered World War I when Austria-Hungary issued a harsh ultimatum to Serbia and alliances pulled countries into the war.
3. New technologies in warfare like submarines, tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons made World War I particularly deadly and changed the nature of combat.
1. World War I began due to rising militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism in Europe that created tensions between countries.
2. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip triggered World War I when Austria-Hungary issued a harsh ultimatum to Serbia and Germany backed Austria, leading other countries to join the fighting.
3. Technology advanced rapidly during World War I, including the introduction of tanks, airplanes, chemical weapons, and long-range artillery that increased the lethality and scale of combat.
World War I was the deadliest war the world had seen to that point, beginning in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. By 1917, new technologies and the use of chemical weapons led to unprecedented casualties as trench warfare took hold. The United States entered the war in 1917, helping turn the tide in favor of the Allies. An armistice in 1918 ended the fighting, leading to peace negotiations and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of alliances that drew the major powers of Europe into war. The war was caused by militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of interlocking alliances. It resulted in over 15 million military and civilian casualties and ended with the defeat of the Central Powers by the Allied forces in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles and its harsh terms against Germany set the stage for World War II.
The document provides background information on the main powers in Europe prior to World War 1, including Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany. It describes their overseas empires, political situations, alliances and rivalries. It then outlines some of the key events that increased tensions between the powers and ultimately led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914.
The document provides an overview of World War I between 1914-1918. It discusses the initial stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug, as well as key events that drew more countries into the war such as Germany's invasion of Belgium in violation of its neutrality. It also mentions Allied propaganda about German atrocities and Wilson's support of the British blockade of Germany despite it violating international law and starving German civilians. The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, which killed over 100 American citizens on board, increased tensions between the US and Germany.
The Balfour Declaration set the stage for future conflict in several ways:
- It promised both a Jewish national home and protection of Palestinian rights, but these promises were contradictory and could not both be fully realized.
- It disregarded the wishes and interests of the native Palestinian Arab population in favor of European Zionist goals, sowing resentment.
- The establishment of Israel in 1948, citing the Balfour Declaration, led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians and ongoing disputes over borders and the status of Jerusalem.
- The unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict became a flashpoint that helped fuel extremism and anti-Western sentiment in the Middle East for decades. Ongoing disputes over settlements and a
World War I greatly changed Europe and the world. The Russian Revolution led to the establishment of communist Soviet Union. The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh terms on Germany including war reparations that damaged Germany's economy. The worldwide economic depression in the late 1920s increased unrest and nationalism, allowing the Nazi party to rise in Germany appealing to those dissatisfied with their current situation.
The world war 1 broke out on July 28, 1914 when Austria declared war on Serbia over the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This sparked escalating alliances that drew most European powers into the war. Some of the long-term causes that heightened tensions were nationalism, imperialism, militarism as countries engaged in arms races, and a lack of international organizations to prevent or reduce conflicts. The assassination was used as a pretext for Austria to issue demands that violated Serbia's sovereignty, which led to Russia and Germany entering on opposing sides and pulling in their allies over the following weeks. By August 1914, 30 countries were engaged in the massive global war.
The document outlines the major events of World War II from 1939-1941, including Germany's invasion of Poland which started the war, their swift defeat of France through the blitzkrieg strategy, and their bombing of Britain leading up to the U.S.'s entry into the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. It also discusses the non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR, as well as the involvement of other Allied and Axis powers during this early stage of the war.
The document provides background information on the political tensions in Europe leading up to World War 1. It discusses the formation of two opposing alliances and the nationalist tensions between various European powers, particularly in the Balkans. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the trigger for the outbreak of war. This led the countries of Europe to take sides in the war as part of either the Allied Powers or Central Powers alliances over the next four years.
World War I began on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918. It resulted in almost 8 million deaths, with Russia experiencing the most at 1.7 million. Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and alliances between European powers all contributed to the outbreak of the war. The war was the first to utilize advanced weapons and tactics on a massive scale across trenches along the Western Front. It ultimately redrew the map of Europe following hostilities.
Imperial rivalries led to World War I between the Allied powers and Central powers from 1914-1918. Over 10 million soldiers were killed. In 1915, a German U-boat sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 people including 128 Americans and bringing the US closer to entering the war. At the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, and Georges Clemenceau negotiated the peace agreement to end World War I.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to escalating tensions between allies. Major powers in Europe were divided into the Allied/Triple Entente powers including Britain, France, and Russia against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Both sides had goals of defeating their enemies while avoiding a two-front war. The war quickly resulted in a bloody stalemate as new industrial weapons and tactics led to trench warfare on the Western Front. Over 65 million soldiers fought in the war and over 37 million casualties resulted before it ended in 1918.
The document provides background information on World War I and its aftermath. It discusses the various causes of WWI, including nationalism, militarism, and alliances. It then describes how the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led countries to take sides and declare war on each other. The war resulted in millions of casualties and heavy fighting in trenches. After huge costs, the war ended in 1918 and led to the restructuring of Europe and collapse of empires. The Treaty of Versailles imposed punishments on Germany but was ultimately unsatisfying and contributed to tensions.
1. Imperialism, nationalism, militarism and alliances led to World War 1 between the Allied and Central powers from 1914-1918.
2. Over 65 million soldiers were mobilized and 37 million casualties resulted, including over 8.5 million deaths. Russia, Germany, France and Austria-Hungary suffered the most casualties.
3. The war caused the fall of four empires and led to the rise of new political ideologies. It also changed the global economic and military landscape in lasting ways.
The document provides an overview comparing World War I and World War II, covering their causes, characteristics, warfare, and results. Some key similarities included both being global conflicts that utilized new destructive weapons and mass production. World War I featured trench warfare while World War II saw more mobile and surprise attacks. Major results of both wars included political boundary changes, rise of new powers like the US and USSR, and questioning of European dominance.
The document provides a summary of long term causes of World War 1 including Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, the Congress of Vienna, Italian unification, the Reign of Terror in France, and events in the 19th century such as the abolition of slavery, the Industrial Revolution, and the unification of Germany and Italy. It also outlines the war plans of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, France, and Britain going into the war as well as key events and battles between 1914-1918.
Tema 7. La Primera Guerra Mundial y el periodo de entreguerras.
4º ESO BILINGUAL. IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria
Unit 7. The First World War
IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria
The document summarizes the key events that led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of imperialism and nationalism in European powers in the late 19th century which increased tensions. It also describes the system of alliances between European countries and how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand resulted in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and led Germany and their allies to join the war against Russia, France and their allies.
1) By the early 1900s, several factors had pushed Europe towards war, including nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and a system of complex alliances between countries.
2) Germany launched a surprise attack on France by invading Belgium, drawing the United Kingdom into the war on the side of the Triple Entente alliance against the Triple Alliance.
3) In August 1914, World War 1 began in earnest with Germany and Austria-Hungary fighting against Russia, France, Britain and their allies.
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1 in 4 sentences:
Long term causes included imperialism and competition for colonies between European powers like Britain, France and Germany. Nationalism and militarism also contributed as countries sought to demonstrate their power and military strength. Specifically, Britain and Germany engaged in a naval arms race to build the strongest fleets and protect their global empires and trade routes. Taken together, these long term tensions and military buildups set the stage for war.
The document appears to be about World War 1 and contains information on several topics related to the war:
1. It discusses trench warfare and conditions for soldiers on the front lines, including layout of trenches, problems faced, and daily life.
2. It provides background on the causes of WW1 such as nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances between European powers.
3. It covers America's entry into the war in 1917 and their role led by General Pershing, as well as how the war ended with an armistice in 1918.
The Balfour Declaration set the stage for future conflict in several ways:
- It promised both a Jewish national home and protection of Palestinian rights, but these promises were contradictory and could not both be fully realized.
- It disregarded the wishes and interests of the native Palestinian Arab population in favor of European Zionist goals, sowing resentment.
- The establishment of Israel in 1948, citing the Balfour Declaration, led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians and ongoing disputes over borders and the status of Jerusalem.
- The unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict became a flashpoint that helped fuel extremism and anti-Western sentiment in the Middle East for decades. Ongoing disputes over settlements and a
World War I greatly changed Europe and the world. The Russian Revolution led to the establishment of communist Soviet Union. The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh terms on Germany including war reparations that damaged Germany's economy. The worldwide economic depression in the late 1920s increased unrest and nationalism, allowing the Nazi party to rise in Germany appealing to those dissatisfied with their current situation.
The world war 1 broke out on July 28, 1914 when Austria declared war on Serbia over the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This sparked escalating alliances that drew most European powers into the war. Some of the long-term causes that heightened tensions were nationalism, imperialism, militarism as countries engaged in arms races, and a lack of international organizations to prevent or reduce conflicts. The assassination was used as a pretext for Austria to issue demands that violated Serbia's sovereignty, which led to Russia and Germany entering on opposing sides and pulling in their allies over the following weeks. By August 1914, 30 countries were engaged in the massive global war.
The document outlines the major events of World War II from 1939-1941, including Germany's invasion of Poland which started the war, their swift defeat of France through the blitzkrieg strategy, and their bombing of Britain leading up to the U.S.'s entry into the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. It also discusses the non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR, as well as the involvement of other Allied and Axis powers during this early stage of the war.
The document provides background information on the political tensions in Europe leading up to World War 1. It discusses the formation of two opposing alliances and the nationalist tensions between various European powers, particularly in the Balkans. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the trigger for the outbreak of war. This led the countries of Europe to take sides in the war as part of either the Allied Powers or Central Powers alliances over the next four years.
World War I began on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918. It resulted in almost 8 million deaths, with Russia experiencing the most at 1.7 million. Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and alliances between European powers all contributed to the outbreak of the war. The war was the first to utilize advanced weapons and tactics on a massive scale across trenches along the Western Front. It ultimately redrew the map of Europe following hostilities.
Imperial rivalries led to World War I between the Allied powers and Central powers from 1914-1918. Over 10 million soldiers were killed. In 1915, a German U-boat sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 people including 128 Americans and bringing the US closer to entering the war. At the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, and Georges Clemenceau negotiated the peace agreement to end World War I.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to escalating tensions between allies. Major powers in Europe were divided into the Allied/Triple Entente powers including Britain, France, and Russia against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Both sides had goals of defeating their enemies while avoiding a two-front war. The war quickly resulted in a bloody stalemate as new industrial weapons and tactics led to trench warfare on the Western Front. Over 65 million soldiers fought in the war and over 37 million casualties resulted before it ended in 1918.
The document provides background information on World War I and its aftermath. It discusses the various causes of WWI, including nationalism, militarism, and alliances. It then describes how the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led countries to take sides and declare war on each other. The war resulted in millions of casualties and heavy fighting in trenches. After huge costs, the war ended in 1918 and led to the restructuring of Europe and collapse of empires. The Treaty of Versailles imposed punishments on Germany but was ultimately unsatisfying and contributed to tensions.
1. Imperialism, nationalism, militarism and alliances led to World War 1 between the Allied and Central powers from 1914-1918.
2. Over 65 million soldiers were mobilized and 37 million casualties resulted, including over 8.5 million deaths. Russia, Germany, France and Austria-Hungary suffered the most casualties.
3. The war caused the fall of four empires and led to the rise of new political ideologies. It also changed the global economic and military landscape in lasting ways.
The document provides an overview comparing World War I and World War II, covering their causes, characteristics, warfare, and results. Some key similarities included both being global conflicts that utilized new destructive weapons and mass production. World War I featured trench warfare while World War II saw more mobile and surprise attacks. Major results of both wars included political boundary changes, rise of new powers like the US and USSR, and questioning of European dominance.
The document provides a summary of long term causes of World War 1 including Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, the Congress of Vienna, Italian unification, the Reign of Terror in France, and events in the 19th century such as the abolition of slavery, the Industrial Revolution, and the unification of Germany and Italy. It also outlines the war plans of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, France, and Britain going into the war as well as key events and battles between 1914-1918.
Tema 7. La Primera Guerra Mundial y el periodo de entreguerras.
4º ESO BILINGUAL. IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria
Unit 7. The First World War
IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria
The document summarizes the key events that led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. It discusses the rise of imperialism and nationalism in European powers in the late 19th century which increased tensions. It also describes the system of alliances between European countries and how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand resulted in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and led Germany and their allies to join the war against Russia, France and their allies.
1) By the early 1900s, several factors had pushed Europe towards war, including nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and a system of complex alliances between countries.
2) Germany launched a surprise attack on France by invading Belgium, drawing the United Kingdom into the war on the side of the Triple Entente alliance against the Triple Alliance.
3) In August 1914, World War 1 began in earnest with Germany and Austria-Hungary fighting against Russia, France, Britain and their allies.
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1 in 4 sentences:
Long term causes included imperialism and competition for colonies between European powers like Britain, France and Germany. Nationalism and militarism also contributed as countries sought to demonstrate their power and military strength. Specifically, Britain and Germany engaged in a naval arms race to build the strongest fleets and protect their global empires and trade routes. Taken together, these long term tensions and military buildups set the stage for war.
The document appears to be about World War 1 and contains information on several topics related to the war:
1. It discusses trench warfare and conditions for soldiers on the front lines, including layout of trenches, problems faced, and daily life.
2. It provides background on the causes of WW1 such as nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances between European powers.
3. It covers America's entry into the war in 1917 and their role led by General Pershing, as well as how the war ended with an armistice in 1918.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
1. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
CLASS GUIDE
1. Be on time
2. Have all material ready
3. Copy everything (no excuses)
4. Before speaking, think if it has not been said,
then raise your hand
5. No sleeping in class nor laying on desk
2. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
World War I and
the Russian Revolution
Section 1: Setting the Stage for War
Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 3: The Russian Revolution
Section 4: The Terms of Peace
Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe
CHAPTER 11
3. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
World War I and
the Russian Revolution
Section 1: Setting the Stage for War
Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 3: The Russian Revolution
Section 4: The Terms of Peace
Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe
CHAPTER 11
4. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
4
Objectives:
Explain why rivalries increased among
European nations.
Identify the military alliances that existed at the
beginning of World War I and explain how they
changed by late 1915.
Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
6. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
6
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism
Europeans leaders thought their goals could only
be achieved by force
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
7. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
7
The System of Alliances
The Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and
Austria-Hungary
The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and
Great Britain
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
8. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
8
The System of Alliances
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
10. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
10
The System of Alliances
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
11. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
11
The Balkan “Powder Keg”
Provided outlet to the sea
Pan-Slavism
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
12. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
12
Mobilization of Europe
Serbia was presented with ultimatums
- The Serbian Gov. would condemn all propaganda
- From school, books and teachers who did not favor A/H
- Serbia would dismiss any official who had
promoted propaganda against A/H
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
13. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
13
Mobilization of Europe
Serbia was presented with ultimatums
- A/H officials would participate in the proceedings against the
accused
This fourth ultimatum was rejected but suggested to be taken to “The
Huge”
Knowing that A/H would not accept, Serbia order troops to mobilze
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
14. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
14
Mobilization of Europe War is declared
A/H moved its troops
Russia supported Serbia
- Russia mobilized its troops to A/H and German border
- Germany declared war August 1 1914
(two days later on France)
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
15. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
15
Mobilization of Europe War is declared
Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality
Belgian neutrality had
been declared in 1839
by the great powers
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
16. HOLT
World History
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
16
Mobilization of Europe War is declared
Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality
- The flat terrain was of great importance for Germany
- Wanted to attack and get France out of the way before Russia
made a move
- After war was declared on France, Germany sent Belgium an
ultimatum to allow the crossing of their land to attack France
- Great Britain protested
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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Great Britain Enters the War
- Belgium was guaranteed neutrality
- The belief that GB would not fight for “a scrap of paper”
(agreement signed in 1839)
- August 4 1914 German troops march through Belgium
- The Kaiser promised his troops “You will be home before the
leaves have fallen from the trees”
- Due to the move through Belgium, Great Britain declared war
on Germany later on August 4 1914
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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Mobilization of Europe
Russia supported Serbia
Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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The War Expands
Japan joined Great Britain and France
- Hoping to get German possessions in China and the Pacific
- Japan sent Germany an ultimatum on 14 August 1914, formally
declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914
- Japan declared war on Austria-Hungary, too, on 25 August 1914
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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The War Expands
Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain, France and
Russia (London Pact) for share of spoils
- Italy believe A/H had acted as an aggressor
- May 1915 it enter war against former allies
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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The War Expands
Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain, France and
Russia for share of spoils
- Italy believe A/H had acted as an aggressor
- May 1915 it enter war against former allies
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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The War Expands
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-
Hungary and Germany
- November 1914 Ottoman Empire entered on the side of Germany
- signing of the August 1914 Turco-German Alliance
- Ottoman empire was a strategic to the war
- Bulgaria was persuaded October 1915
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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Section review
List and explain the factors which contributed to World War I?
What events can be said to have “lit the fuse” in 1914?
What made the area involved so important?
How did the events that took place on June 28, 1914, develop
into full-scale war, and how did the nations involved in these
events align themselves?
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
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Section review
List the factors which contributed to World War I?
Nationalism and Imperialism caused rivalries in Europe (colonial
power)
Militarism glorified armed strength, encouraged use of force in
conflicts and created arms race in Europe
Alliance system divided Europe and created small minor conflict
into major war
What events can be said to have “lit the fuse” in 1914?
The Assassination Arch Duke Ferdinand
Section 1:
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Section review
What events can be said to have “lit the fuse” in 1914?
The Assassination Arch Duke Ferdinand
Section 1:
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Section review
What made the area involved so important?
Bosnia- Herzegovina was a target for Serbian nationalism and
Pan-Slavism
The Great powers competed for Balkan control
Section 1:
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Section review
How did the events that took place on June 28, 1914,
develop into full-scale war, and how did the nations
involved in these events align themselves?
When Serbia was protected by Russia when threatened by A/H, the other
major powers into conflict. Britain and France were pledged to support
Russia, and Germany Italy to support A/H,
Germany’s aggression in Belgium cause Italy to switch sides
Section 1:
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Objectives:
Identify the advantages that each side had in
World War I.
Explain how new technology affected the way in
which World War I was fought.
Explain what led the United States to join the
Allied Powers.
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Objectives:
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The Belligerents
Central Powers had more rapid communications and
movement, and better trained army
Germany, A/H, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
U-Boat Blockade: from the North Sea to the Middle east
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The Belligerents
Central Powers had more rapid communications and
movement, and better army
Germany, A/H, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers had more soldiers, better industry, and better
navy
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The Belligerents
Allied Powers had more soldiers, better industry, and
better navy
Great Britain, France, Russia
Worlds largest navy
Greece and Romania 1916 as a strategy in an
attempt to block and starve the central powers
32 Allies
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Innovations in Warfare
Machine gun
U-boat
Poison gas
airplane
Tank
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Innovations in Warfare
Machine gun
- Sweeping, rapid fire
- Enemy advances difficult
- System of trenches
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Innovations in Warfare
U-boat (Unterseebooten)
- Cause losses to Allied shipping
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Innovations in Warfare
Airplane
- Observation
- Engaged in dogfights
- Dropped bombs
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Innovations in Warfare
- Trenches
To protect themselves soldiers
dug a system of trenches
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War
The Battle of the Marne
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War from 1914 to 1916
Fighting on Gallipoli
Naval warfare
The stalemate – a war of attrition
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Fighting on Gallipoli peninsula
- The need to arm Russia since it lack firepower but had a
huge army
- 1915 there was an attempt by Great Britain and France to
go through the Dardanelles
- The attempt to get the Ottoman empire did not go well
- heavy artillery from ships did not work as planned
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
Early Years of the War from 1914 to 916
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Early Years of the War from 1914 to 916
Fighting on Gallipoli
- Allied suffered heavy casualties
The decision to land troops in Gallipoli Peninsula
- Major land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25;
British and French and the Australian and New Zealand
Army Corps (ANZAC
- Evacuation began in December 1915
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War from 1914 to 916
Naval warfare
- Blockade the North sea to keep merchant ships from reaching
Germany
- Germany counter attacked by blockading using U-Boats sinking ships
- May 1915 German submarine sank a liner Boat Lusitania off the
coast of Ireland
- Passengers and war material onboard
- 1200 people killed and about 120 Americans
- USA sent a warning (Germany did not want to fight them)
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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Early Years of the War from 1914 to 916
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
The battle at Jutland,
Denmark
Who won if both battling
nations retired?
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The stalemate
- By 1916 the war on the west a
stalemate
- a war of attrition (a slow wearing-
down process in which each side tries
to outlast the other)
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The United States and World War I
Through most of the war the USA had remained neutral
Trade was accepted: food, raw material, and munition to both
sides
The right of business and travel
Contraband
War materials supplied by a neutral nation to a belligerent
one
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The United States and World War I
Banks could do business
Corporations and private citizens to
buy bonds
Due to the blockade on Germany
tightened Americans trade became
more one-sided toward the allies
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The United States and World War I
Propaganda about German
atrocities
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The United States and World War I
German foreign minister, Arthur
Zimmermann
- Telegram to Mexico
- Promised lost 1848 territory
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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The United States and World War I
Democratic ideals
- By 1917 Russia pulled out of the war due to the
revolution
- All Allied countries had democratic Govs
- Fight between democratic and non-democratic countries
- April 2:Woodrow Wilson “the world must be made safe
for democracy”
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
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4. Analyzing Ideas:
What countries belonged to the central powers and the allied powers by
the beginning of 1916?
5. Understanding ideas:
Name some important new weapons ad military techniques introduce in
WWI?
6. Summarizing Ideas
Describe the progress of the war from 1914 through 1916
7. Analyzing Ideas
A) How was the USA as a neutral power affected by WWI?
B) What factors led to the USA entry into the war?
Section 2:
Section Review
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4. Analyzing Ideas:
What countries belonged to the central powers and the allied
powers by the beginning of 1916?
Central powers: Germany, A/H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Emp
Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Romania
5. Understanding ideas:
Name some important new weapons and military techniques
introduce in WWI?
Tank, Machine gun, Armed Aircraft, submarine, poison gas, trench
warfare
Section 2:
Section Review
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6. Summarizing Ideas
Describe the progress of the war from 1914 through 1916.
German troops advanced into France and were stopped near
Paris, after which the western front settled into a stalemate
and trench warfare. On the eastern front , German forces
defeated a Russian attack and invaded Russian Poland. The
Turks turned back an Allied attack on Constantinople at
Gallipoli. Both Britain and Germany set up naval blockades
against each other
Section 2:
Section Review
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7. Analyzing Ideas
A) How was the USA as a neutral power affected by WWI?
American extended credit and supplied contraband and other materials
to both sides, but increasingly to Britain due to its blockade of
Germany
A) What factors led to the USA entry into the war?
British propaganda, Zimmermann telegram, German resumption of
unrestricted submarine warfare, Russian revolution
Section 2:
Section Review
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Objectives:
Identify the events that led to the
Russian Revolution.
Explain how the Communists came to
power.
Explain how Russia’s revolution
affected its participation in World War I.
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Russia in World War I
Poverty
Continued revolutions
Backward country even up until
the 1900
Russian peasants kept in poverty
due to debt, rent and taxes
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Russia in World War I
Suppression of democracy
No civil liberties
No change after 1905 revolution
secret societies formed and
committed assassinations
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Russia in World War I
Weak Duma
Czar Nicholas II agreed on 18
February to the creation of a
State Duma of the Russian
Empire but with consultative
powers only.
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Russia in WWI
Russian men power
Not enough railroads
The industry could not supply the army
- Allies counted on the Russian Army
No leadership
Russian losses were about 1.7 million soldiers killed
2 million civilian killed
5 million wounded
March 1917 Czar Nicholas II abdicated
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Lenin and the Bolsheviks
No real change with the provisional Gov set up
No reforms
Did not pulled out of the war
Appealed to the poor Russian masses
Petrograd Soviet of Workers ad Soldiers Deputies (soviet = council)
Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
Formed basis of communism
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Lenin and the Bolsheviks
World War I caused a revolution in Russia.
can this statement be consider true or false? Explain
It Should be acknowledged that the war was merely a
catalyst for the underlying political, economic and social
problems that have been created through the previous years
under the Romanov monarchy
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Lenin and the Bolsheviks
(World War I exposed Russia’s weaknesses because: its industries
could not adequately equip or supply its army, its troops were poorly
equipped and badly led, and its inefficient and corrupt government
was unfit to deal with the problems of modern warfare.)
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
how and why the war brought Russia’s problems to a head, resulting in
the overthrow of the Czar and the establishment of a provisional
government.
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Lenin and the Bolsheviks
Explain how the ideas of Lenin appealed to the people of
Russia, resulting in the Bolshevik Revolution and Russia’s
exit from the war.
Work in groups to create flow charts of the Russian Revolution.
Diagrams should show not only the changes in Russia’s government,
but also the internal divisions and foreign involvements that were part
of the revolution.
After, each group will explain their flow chart to the class.
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Peace and Civil War
Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers
Communists fought socialist opposition
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Section 3 Review
3. How did internal problems in Russia during WWI affected the
course of the Revolution in Russia in 1917?
4. How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power in Russia?
5. A)How did the signing of the peace treaty by the communist in
1918 help the new regime maintain power?
5. B)Why did it anger the Allied Powers?
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Section 3 Review
3. How did internal problems in Russia during WWI
affected the course of the revolution in Russia in 1917?
Russia’s social and economic problems were made worse by the
hardships of the war. When a moderate government came to power,
Russia's continue suffering enabled the Bolsheviks to gather the support
to overthrow it.
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Section 3 Review
4. How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power in
Russia?
Lenin's calls for “peace, land and bread” gained popular support and the
Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and prevailed I the
long civil war that followed
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Section 3 Review
5. A)How did the signing of the peace treaty by the
communist in 1918 help the new regime maintain
power?
The treaty ended Russian involvement in the war and allowed
the Bolsheviks to concentrate on domestic problems
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Section 3 Review
5. B)Why did it anger the Allied Powers?
They feared that aid they had provided to Russia would fall into the
hands of the Turks and that if the Bolsheviks maintained power in
Russia, the revolution might spread to other countries, including
their own
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
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Objectives:
Define the Fourteen Points.
Explain how the war ended.
Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers
faced, the Paris Peace Conference.
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The War to End all Wars
The idea to end the war had quick was damped by
the fact the Russia had signed a separate agreement
with the central powers, Brest-Litovsk treaty
Woodrow Wilson’s aim in entering the war – to
make the world “safe for Democracy” establish an
idealistic reason
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The Fourteen Points
Ideas set forth 10 months before war ended
Jan 1918
Six general points to ensure a just and safer world
1. No secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Removal of all economic barriers or tariffs
4. Reduction of national armaments
5. Fair adjustment of all colonial claims with equal consideration to the interest of
the colonial powers and the people of the colonies
14. Establishment of “a general association of the nations” to guarantee political
independence and protection to large and small states alike
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The Fourteen Points
Ideas set forth 10 months before war ended
Jan 1918
Eight dealt with specific nations and region
Russia
Belgium
Alsace-Lorraine
Balkans
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The Fourteen Points
Express in your own words the six
general points of the Fourteen Points
referenced on page 374. List responses
on the chalkboard.
President Wilson’s two goals were to
make the world safe for democracy” and
to secure a “just peace.”
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
Discuss how each of these points would contribute to the goals.
Identify any of the Fourteen Points that still seem to be a basis for
American foreign policy today.
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Defeat of the Central Powers
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk allow Germany to pull troops from
eastern front
Fighting continue during spring and summer of 1918 with
the attempt to capture Paris
Germans reach the Marne River (May 1918) 37 miles from
Paris
Arrival of American troops
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Defeat of the Central Powers
French marshal Ferdinand Foch
Germans stopped in June at
Chateau-Thierry
September Germans backed to
their border
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Defeat of the Central Powers
September 30 1918
Bulgaria surrendered
Soon after the Turks asked
for peace
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Defeat of the Central Powers
Revolution in Austria-Hungary
- October 1918 revolution led to create separate governments and
stopped fighting
German monarchy collapsed
President Wilson would only
Deal with a representative Gov
November 9 1918, Kaiser William II
Abdicated: German Republic
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Defeat of the Central Powers
Armistice signed the fighting stopped
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Defeat of the
Central Powers
Armistice signed the fighting stopped
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk cancelled
- Surrender submarines
- War ships
- Free war prisoners
- Turn over munition
- Allies occupied land west of the Rhine River (German territory)
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Cost of The War
10 million soldiers dead
20 million wounded
Germany = 1.8
Russia = 1.7
France (and its colonies) = 1.4
A/H = 1 million
GB = 1 mill
USA = 50 thou
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
An estimated $300 Billion
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The Paris Peace Conference
Problems facing the peacemakers
- some countries were excluded (Russia in civil war)
- USA President suggested terms
- January 1919 Versailles Conference
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The Paris Peace Conference
Reparations and peacekeeping
- Allies wanted Germany to pay
- League of Nations
- Representatives from the Central powers had no say
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Problems Facing the peacemakers
Monarchies had been replaced
- A/H - Russia – Germany
- Ottoman Empire collapsing
- Independence sought by many ethnic groups
- Overseas colonies wanted self-governments
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Problems Facing the peacemakers
Territorial Claims
- Victorious Nations
- French security against German attack
- France border to reach the Rhine River
and claim of the Saar (coal deposits)
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Problems Facing the peacemakers
Territorial Claims
- Italy = Tirol and Trieste (not Fiume)
- Belgium = German territory along its border
- GB = German African colonies
- Germany with no navy and prohibit from building
- Japan = Marshall, Caroline and Mariana Islands
After the war Japan wanted to keep
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Problems Facing the peacemakers
Territorial Claims
- Italy = Tirol and Trieste (not Fiume)
- Belgium = German territory along its border
- GB = German African colonies
- Germany with no navy and prohibit from building
- Japan = Marshall, Caroline and Mariana Islands
After the war Japan wanted to keep
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Problems Facing the peacemakers
Reparations and Peacekeeping
- Who will pay and how much
- A world organization = League of Nations
- How functional would it be
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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The Peace: Justice or Vengeance
- Division of territories among European nations
- Peace of Justice = Peace of vengeance
- The Defeated should be taught a lesson
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
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Section 4 review
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
4. a) what were the six general proposals of Wilson's
fourteen points?
No secrete treaties
Freedom of the seas
Removal of economic barriers
Reduction of arms
Fair adjustment of colonial claim
A world organization
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Section 4 review
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The Terms of Peace
4. b) What effect did the fourteen points have?
Caught imagination of people everywhere interested
in fair treatment after the devastation the war had
created
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Section 4 review
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The Terms of Peace
5. What events led to the end of World War I?
Defeat of German offensive on western front
Surrender of Bulgaria and Turks
Revolution in and withdrawal of A-H
Overthrow of Kaiser and surrender of Germany
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Section 4 review
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
6. a) why did Wilson believe in a “peace of Justice”?
He believe this so that the settlement would not cause
bitterness and be the basis for new wars
b) Why did other oppose this belief?
The other Allies wanted the Central Powers to be punished
wanted their territory and colonies and wanted protection
against future German Attacks
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Focus questions
What were the specific provision of the Treaty of
Versailles?
What issues emerged as the victors dealt with various
nations and national minorities?
What were the aims of the League of Nations (LoN)
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
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The Treaty of Versailles
No draft
Maximum of 100,000 men
No heavy artillery, military planes,
or submarines
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Creating a “New” Europe
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Fates of Former Territories
Former A/H territories:
Austria; Lost territories and it could not produce sufficient
food nor the industry could maintain
Hungary: Czechoslovakia created
Yugoslavia was created from Serbia and Montenegro
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
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Fates of Former Territories
Bulgaria: lost territory and outlet to the Aegean Sea to
Greece
The Ottoman Empire: unfortified territories
(Dardanelles and Bosporus)
Many states formed
Russia: Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania declared
independence
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
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Fates of Former Territories
Ethnic populations
- Mostly dissatisfied due to the improbability of being under
the same ethnic governance
- Armenians were treated badly
- Sudeten Germans lived in Czechoslovakia
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
104. HOLT
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The League of Nations
Organization – assembly, council, secretariat,
World Court
Mandates – colonies of defeated powers ruled by
“advanced” governments
The start of the League – 42 member nations grew
to 59 by the 1940s
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
105. HOLT
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Section 5 review questions
Explain the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles concerning:
A) Reparations
B) Germany’s colonies
C) German military power
How did the Treaty of Versailles create problems with regard to
national minorities?
What was the league of nations and what were its aims?
Do you consider WWI a major turning point in World History?
Explain why
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
106. HOLT
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Section 5 review questions
Explain the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
concerning:
A) Reparations: the treaty did not specify total amount of reparations
but did make Germany solely responsible for payment
B) Germany’s colonies: lost overseas colonies
C) German military power: conscription outlawed; army limited to 100,
000; warships limited and no tanks, planes heavy, artillery, poison
gas, or submarines
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
107. HOLT
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Section 5 review questions
What was the league of nations and what were its aims?
In redrawing the map of Europe, it placed people o on nationality
under government of another nationality, these national minorities
were unhappy and some were brutally repressed
Do you consider WWI a major turning point in World History?
Explain why
Opinion supported by evidence from text
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
Editor's Notes
8/2/2023
8/2/2023
8/2/2023
Image:Dragutin Dimitrijević, leader of the Black Hand. He was also a prominent member of the Serbian General Staff.
Map of the territories claimed as "irredenti" in the 1930s. In green: Nice, Ticino and Dalmatia; in red: Malta; in violet: Corsica.
Brunodambrosio - Own work
Map of Kingdom of Italy (1919) showing the areas claimed by Irredentism:in red Malta, in purple Corsica, in yellow with green points Dalmatia, Ticino and Nizzardo. I have used as a basic map an old map from an Italian geography and history school book of 1935 "Scuole Medie Inferiori", and I have written and painted on it. Cropped caption: L’ Italia dopo la Guerra 1915-1918
Edith Cavell died as a pioneering nurse exactly 100 years ago, executed by the German army on 12 October 1915 for helping British soldiers get home from Belgium. Her death became notorious across the world, and she was celebrated as a martyr for freedom. But with all the propaganda that followed, how much do we truly know about the woman who was revered as a heroine?
The territories promised to Mexico, as mentioned in the Zimmermann Telegram. States and territories of Mexico. States of the United States (Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas) that were promised to Mexico. Original territories of Mexico, now part of the US. See Mexican–American War.
April 6 1917
(Students
should recognize that the war was merely a catalyst for underlying political, economic, and
social problems in Russia.)
(Students
should recognize that the war was merely a catalyst for underlying political, economic, and
social problems in Russia.)
(Students
should recognize that the war was merely a catalyst for underlying political, economic, and
social problems in Russia.)