This document discusses different types of solids and semiconductors. It describes conductors as mostly metals, insulators as mostly nonmetals, and semiconductors as metalloids with an intermediate-sized band gap between the valence and conduction bands. Semiconducting elements like silicon and germanium are the basis for solid-state electronic devices, and their conductivity increases when doped with small amounts of other elements to become either n-type or p-type semiconductors. Joining an n-type and p-type semiconductor produces a p-n junction that can function as a rectifier, allowing current to flow in only one direction.
Introduction to Semiconductor Devices.
In modern world no other technology permeates every nook and cranny of our existence as does electronics.
Application of electronics are : Televisions, radios, stereo equipment, computers, scanners, electronic control systems (in cars for example) etc.
Semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), have electrical properties somewhere in the middle, between those of a “conductor” and an “insulator”. They are not good conductors nor good insulators (hence their name “semi”-conductors).
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Introduction to Semiconductor Devices.
In modern world no other technology permeates every nook and cranny of our existence as does electronics.
Application of electronics are : Televisions, radios, stereo equipment, computers, scanners, electronic control systems (in cars for example) etc.
Semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), have electrical properties somewhere in the middle, between those of a “conductor” and an “insulator”. They are not good conductors nor good insulators (hence their name “semi”-conductors).
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
chap.1.pdf
1. Solids: Conductors, Insulators and
Semiconductors
• Conductors: mostly metals
• Insulators: mostly nonmetal materials
• we’ll study allotropes of carbon and study their
properties
• Semiconductors: metalloids
1
2. Solids: Conductors, Insulators and
Semiconductors
2
Conductor Insulator Semiconductor
Valence Band
in red
Conduction Band: white
Band gap
No gap
3. Solids: Conductors, Insulators and
Semiconductors
3
Conductor Insulator
Band gap = 5.5 eV
≈ 530 kJ/mol
No gap
Graphite
Diamond
4. Solids: Conductors, Insulators and
Semiconductors
4
Semiconductor
Band gap
Band Gap for Semiconductors
Diamond 5.5 eV
Si 1.1 eV
Ge 0.67 eV
5. Semiconductors
• Metalloids: semiconducting elements
• low electrical conductivity at room
temperature
• Electrical conductivity increases with temp.
• Gap between valence and conduction band is
intermediate in size
5
6. Semiconductors
• Semiconducting elements form the basis of solid
state electronic devices.
6
– A striking property of these elements is that their
conductivities increase markedly when they are
doped with small quantities of other elements.
– Metalloids (such as silicon or germanium) are
semiconducting elements whose electrical
conductivity increases as temperature increases.
7. Semiconductors
• Semiconducting elements form the basis of solid
state electronic devices.
7
– When silicon is doped with boron, it
becomes a p-type semiconductor, in
which an electrical current is carried by
positively charged holes
8. Semiconductors
• Semiconducting elements form the basis of solid
state electronic devices.
8
– Joining a p-type semiconductor to an n-
type semiconductor produces a p-n
junction, which can function as a rectifier.
– A rectifier is a device that allows current to
flow in one direction, but not the other.
