Chapter 2Where Are WeAmerican health care is in a state of flJinElias52
Chapter 2
Where Are We?
American health care is in a state of flux as new scientific knowledge and clinical experience continue to change our definitions of illness and wellness. As a society, we respond by changing the ways health care is delivered. Health services increasingly impact our society—from health status to employment to budgetary economics to recreation to professional concerns to our perceptions of our own well-being.
American health care is also in flux because now that it has grown to more than one-sixth of our economy it threatens to squeeze out public goods such as education and infrastructure maintenance. People have wanted to do something about cost and access to care problems for a long time. The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) is doing much to address access issues, but opposition to certain provisions is strong. Employers are steadily shifting more risk to employees and their families, and there is a real tension between Washington and the state capitols over Medicaid expansion. Medicare trust funds are forecast to disappear over the next decade or so. Washington is unlikely to tolerate another major health reform battle, although major changes may come as a side effect of a “grand” government overhaul of spending and tax policies. The future is highly uncertain, and still we must plan and act as we go along.
This chapter reviews the current status of the U.S. health care system from several points of view:
• Current outcomes and costs
• Quality
• Leadership
• Complexity
• Industrializing structures for delivery
• Medicalization of our society
• Redistribution of wealth
2.1 Current Outcomes and Costs
Previous section
Next section
2.1 CURRENT OUTCOMES AND COSTS
Health care expenditures were projected to rise to close to 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) by 2015 (Borger et al., 2006), but more recent estimates from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) project it to be 18.2% for 2015 and 19.5% by 2021 (CMS, 2012). Average annual family health insurance premiums were estimated for 2012 at $15,745, with $11,429 paid by employers. The 4% growth rate for 2012 was slow by historical standards but still more than twice the growth rate of wage income. The comparable total insurance cost for a single individual was $5,615. Large employers (98%) offered health care benefits to workers but were cutting back on retiree health benefits. Only 50% of firms with 3 to 9 workers and 73% with 10 to 24 workers offered health benefits. Many small companies do not provide health benefits. At the same time, control of health care by health professionals is being threatened by outsiders calling for more reliance on government programs, more consumer-centered care, or both.
High Comparative Costs and Low Comparative Outcomes
The United States spends far more on health care per capita and as a percentage of GDP than other developed countries, yet does not seem to be much better off for it. Table 2-1 illustrates this ...
Chapter 2Where Are WeAmerican health care is in a state of flJinElias52
Chapter 2
Where Are We?
American health care is in a state of flux as new scientific knowledge and clinical experience continue to change our definitions of illness and wellness. As a society, we respond by changing the ways health care is delivered. Health services increasingly impact our society—from health status to employment to budgetary economics to recreation to professional concerns to our perceptions of our own well-being.
American health care is also in flux because now that it has grown to more than one-sixth of our economy it threatens to squeeze out public goods such as education and infrastructure maintenance. People have wanted to do something about cost and access to care problems for a long time. The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) is doing much to address access issues, but opposition to certain provisions is strong. Employers are steadily shifting more risk to employees and their families, and there is a real tension between Washington and the state capitols over Medicaid expansion. Medicare trust funds are forecast to disappear over the next decade or so. Washington is unlikely to tolerate another major health reform battle, although major changes may come as a side effect of a “grand” government overhaul of spending and tax policies. The future is highly uncertain, and still we must plan and act as we go along.
This chapter reviews the current status of the U.S. health care system from several points of view:
• Current outcomes and costs
• Quality
• Leadership
• Complexity
• Industrializing structures for delivery
• Medicalization of our society
• Redistribution of wealth
2.1 Current Outcomes and Costs
Previous section
Next section
2.1 CURRENT OUTCOMES AND COSTS
Health care expenditures were projected to rise to close to 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) by 2015 (Borger et al., 2006), but more recent estimates from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) project it to be 18.2% for 2015 and 19.5% by 2021 (CMS, 2012). Average annual family health insurance premiums were estimated for 2012 at $15,745, with $11,429 paid by employers. The 4% growth rate for 2012 was slow by historical standards but still more than twice the growth rate of wage income. The comparable total insurance cost for a single individual was $5,615. Large employers (98%) offered health care benefits to workers but were cutting back on retiree health benefits. Only 50% of firms with 3 to 9 workers and 73% with 10 to 24 workers offered health benefits. Many small companies do not provide health benefits. At the same time, control of health care by health professionals is being threatened by outsiders calling for more reliance on government programs, more consumer-centered care, or both.
High Comparative Costs and Low Comparative Outcomes
The United States spends far more on health care per capita and as a percentage of GDP than other developed countries, yet does not seem to be much better off for it. Table 2-1 illustrates this ...
Essay on Definitions of Health
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Essay On Health Care
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Essay On Healthcare In The United States
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Persuasive Essay On Health Care
Overview - Health Care IssuesHealth Care IssuesOpposing .docxgerardkortney
Overview - Health Care Issues
Health Care Issues
Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, 2015
In recent years, the availability and affordability of health insurance in the United States has become
the subject of much debate. The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists medical
care among the basic human rights to which all people are entitled. In 2011, however, about 17
percent of Americans had no health insurance at all. For many people who are insured, the cost of
coverage is a financial hardship. This situation has led some people to call for the government to
provide health insurance for all citizens. Others, however, are skeptical of government’s ability to
efficiently manage health insurance and oppose any plans that involve government. The issue is made
more urgent by rapidly rising health care costs that threaten to overwhelm the country’s current
system of health insurance, and the national economy in general. Health care reform has become one
of the most important issues in contemporary American politics.
The Basics of Health Care
In most developed countries, health care systems involve government control or sponsorship. For
instance, in Great Britain, Scandinavia, and the countries of the former Soviet Union, the government
controls almost all aspects of health care, including access and delivery. For the most part, health
services in these countries are free to everyone; the systems are financed primarily by taxes. Other
countries, such as Germany and France, guarantee health insurance for almost all their citizens, but
the government plays a smaller role in managing health care. Both systems are financed at least in
part by taxes on wages.
The US government, by contrast, does not pay for most of its citizens’ health care. Generally,
Americans receive health care through employer-sponsored insurance, or they arrange to pay for
insurance on their own. Like all forms of insurance, health insurance operates by pooling the
resources of a group of people who face similar risks. This creates a common fund that members can
draw upon when needed. Each person in the group pays a certain amount, called a premium, every
month. These premiums are used to cover the medical expenses of group members who become sick
or injured.
Health Insurance in the United States
Today, most Americans receive health insurance through their place of work. Employers typically pay
for part of the premiums. Most employer-sponsored plans are administered through payroll
contributions. People who are self-employed and those whose employers do not provide health
insurance must purchase individual health insurance. Individual plans are generally more expensive
than group plans. Certain low-income individuals and families may be eligible for Medicaid, a form of
government-sponsored health insurance. In 1997, the US government introduced the Children’s
Health Insurance Program (CHIP) to assist the children of families who do not qualify f.
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docxronak56
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer the following questions:
1. What does it mean to be a man in the U.S.? What does it mean to be a woman?
2. From what institutions do we learn these gender roles?
3. How do these clips demonstrate the ways in which gender is socially constructed in the U.S.? Do the concepts discussed in the clips resonate with you? Why or why not?
In Persepolis, the main character Marji struggles to define her identity as an Iranian woman in a changing society.
· What roles are depicted for women in Iranian society in the film? How do they change over time?
· How does Persepolis demonstrate the ways in which gender and identity are influenced in many ways, by different processes across cultures? How are gender roles in Iran similar, or different to gender in the U.S.?
· What are some of the stereotypes that exist about Muslim women and how does Abu-Lughod in “Do Muslim Women Need Saving” and Persepolis complicate these stereotypes?
Answer the following questions 2 full pages
Running head: MAJOR HEALTH CARE PROBLEMS IN THE U.S. 1
Major Health Care Problems in the U.S.
Jane Doe
ID: 1212121
MAJOR HEALTH CARE PROBLEMS IN THE U.S. 2
Major Health Care Problems in the US
Problem statement: High and continuously rising cost of health care has been and still is one of
the biggest challenges affecting the Health Care system in United States.
Methods of Examining the Problem
Both qualitative and quantitative research methods should be used to fully understand the
issue of high cost of care in the US. Quantitative methods like surveys and experimentations will
aid in estimating the prevalence, magnitude and frequency of the problem in different regions.
On the other hand, qualitative methods like case studies and observation will help describe the
extent and complexity of the issue. The two approaches need to work in complementation to
obtain a clear understanding of this menace.
Surveys, as a quantitative research method, is one of the most effective in the social
research and present a more viable method of examining the cost of health in the country. They
involve asking of questions in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires are
written questions to which the response can be open ended or multiple-choice format. This
would be used to gain information about cost within determinants that are of
disagree/neutral/agree nature. An example is if patients are contented with the cost of services
they get or they deem the cost of cover worthy. Interviews, the researcher discussing issues with
the respondents, are to be used to gain more details on already known aspects of the system. This
may include gathering information to inform policies, administration and use of technology to
minimize the cost of care.
Since health cost in the US is not a new challenge and there have been studies about it,
qualitative methods like .
Running Head THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRA.docxaryan532920
Running Head: THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
1
THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
10
Title: The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System
Abstract
The medical care system of the United States of America for the past years has been considered to be the most expensive in the world. The government of the United States has to spend huge amounts of money for medical care in relation to the gross domestic product and these sums are systematically increasing. Now many scholars came to the conclusion that it is the government programs, which held the responsibility for the growth of uncontrolled spending on medical care, with which such growth is a threat to the financial stability of the United States. The issue is worth-discussing, thus, the given work is devoted to the overview of the structure and the main issues of the US healthcare system to find the effective solution.
Unlike other developed countries the medical care system in the United States of America demands more and more funds while its quality remains the same. 1/3 of the US citizens are still uninsured and there is no future hope for improving the situation. People suffer from rapidly growing prices of medical services and slow growth of salaries inclement. Furthermore, the department of insurance loses its integrity and honesty; since they use such an opportunity to fraud money as well as not paying the workers. The risk of becoming bankrupt is very high in medical care system because of unplanned budget. The insurance programs, financed by the state, are also becoming more expensive, and the government is forced to pay more and more money, which later brings about increase in state financial expenditure that immensely contribute to the poor economy. Employees do not have the free will to change their job due to the high cost of insurance and the monopolization (Stone, et al., 2008,p.2-57). This paper will provide evidences by giving the most effective solution to control this problem and also encouraging people make decisive market decisions by finding new approaches.
There are many ways of handling this subject issue of “The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System,” but this research paper primarily will focus on the five articles that represent scholarly articles concerning the subject issue on this topic. The five scholarly articles are: Nolin, (2015) in his study about “Jail overcrowding a perennial issue for many counties; (Stone, P., Hughes, R., & Dailey, M. 2008)about “Creating a safe and high-quality health care environment: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2014). New HHS Data Shows Major Strides Made in Patient Safety, Leading to Improved Care and Savings; Unit ...
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docxdrennanmicah
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
Healthcareby Reta TarlueSubmission date 03-Sep-2019 08.docxpooleavelina
Healthcare
by Reta Tarlue
Submission date: 03-Sep-2019 08:48PM (UTC-0500)
Submission ID: 1166891706
File name: patientprotectionandaffordablecareAct_1_.docx (11.01K)
Word count: 1032
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Healthcare
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to Bridgepoint Education
Student Paper
Submitted to Colorado Technical University
Online
Student Paper
Submitted to Foundation for Liberal And
Managment Education
Student Paper
Submitted to Columbus State Community
College
Student Paper
en.wikipedia.org
Internet Source
Submitted to Saint Leo University
Student Paper
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Student Paper
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www.docstoc.com
Internet Source
medisolv.com
Internet Source
Submitted to Arizona State University
Student Paper
Healthcareby Reta TarlueHealthcareORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
1
3
Focusing on a Strategy Rigina CochranMPA/593
August 26, 2019
Peter ReevesFocusing on a Strategy
The health care policies in Colorado have led to the increase in household expenses for many years and it is anticipated to keep increasing. This increase in expenses impacts a significant amount of families specifically those who are trying to make ends meet. Challenges on health care costs and spending are typically used interchangeably by policy makers but have different meanings. Determining ways to handle the issue of health care costs as well as other issues related to health care policies in Colorado is essential for the state’s residents (William, 2017).
Transparency
Increasing transparency is one way that can be used to address the issue of healthcare policies in Colorado. The raising of drug prices has brought about a huge conflict among the policy makers and the consumers. New drugs are introduced and put on the market at high prices and many individuals know that the high prices are a great risk in the pharmaceutical industry. These high-priced drugs have confused and disappointed the customers and the policy makers. The various states use the policies that require transparency of pharmaceutical prices in order to force the pharmaceutical companies to take responsibility for the high prices. The manufactures are expected to provide information on rising prices and making the information available to the public. Price transparency enables cost control through customer motivation which has become the main goal among the policymakers.
Transparency aids in enhancing the quality of care as well. It helps hold the physicians responsible for patient care, thus encouraging better patient care, as well as enhancing healthcare productivity. The healthcare administrators control the system that is used for motivating the providers and set pol ...
Running Headhead FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 1FEDERAL .docxanhlodge
Running Headhead: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 1
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 12
Federal Government in Health Care
Alexander Ludena
Saint Joseph’s University
Health Care Organization
HAD 553
Instructor: Dr. Charl Mattheus
12/10/2017
Abstract
The federal government plays an important role in influencing all facets of health care through its different roles in the American health care sector. This paper will discuss the involvement of the federal government in the health care system through its various roles and how that contributes to health care access, affordability, and quality. This includes its role in purchasing health care services, regulation of healthcare, provider of health care services, sponsor of learning and training programs and in health care research. Through its role as purchaser, the government is involved in buying health care insurance for millions of Americans. This is accomplished through programs including Medicare and Medicaid. In its role as regulator, the government is involved in establishing safety and quality standards aimed at ensuring that patients receive appropriate care. It is also involved in reforming healthcare to ensure it’s affordable, contains value and is accessible to all. This paper will also discuss the involvement of the federal government as provider of health services. As provider, the federal government is involved in the ownership and management of various health care institutions. At this particular capacity, it’s involved in employment of healthcare professionals and as operator of health care delivery systems. This paper will discuss how the federal government is involved in providing health care to diverse population through various federal agencies such as the VHA and the HIS. The federal government has a key role in shaping research in health care through its role as sponsor of applied health care services. It’ll be further discussed government involvement as it plays an imperative role in supporting the development of knowledge and creation of tools required to augment the government in carryings its various roles. This include government sponsorship of research through various agencies including the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Federal Government in Health Care
The provision of health care services to America’s diverse population represents one of the largest segments of the American economy. The federal government is involved in all aspects of the health care sector. Its role and mandate in the healthcare system areis defined by the constitution. It plays somea number of different roles in the American health care field, including the regulation of the medical industry, purchasing health care, health care services provision, sponsorship of education and training programs for health care professionals as well health care services research.
The federal government is majorly involved in healthcare .
Chapter 9 Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of heJinElias52
Chapter 9
"Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of health care systems is whether they offer all of theessential services individuals need. The difficulty lies in defining what is essential.Although all observers would agree that comprehensive health care must includecoverage forprimary care, agreement breaks down quickly when we begindiscussing specialty care. Some individuals, for example, consider coronary bypasssurgery an essential service, but others consider it an overpriced and overhypedluxury. Similarly, some favor offering only procedures necessary to keep patientsalive, but others support offering procedures or technologies such as hip replace-ment surgery, home health care, hearing aids, or dental care, which improvequality of life but don’t extend life.Any system that does not provide comprehensive benefits runs the risk ofdevolving into a two-class system in which some individuals can buy more carethan others can. To those who believe health care is a human right, such a sys-tem seems unethical. Others object to such systems on economic grounds, argu-ing that it costs less in the long run to plan on providing care for everyone thanto haphazardly shift costs to the general public when individuals who can’t affordcare eventually seek care anyway.AffordabilityGuaranteeingaccessto health care does not help those who can’t afford topur-chaseit. Consequently, we also must evaluate health care systems according towhether they make health care coverage affordable, restraining the costs notonly of insurance premiums but also ofco-payments, deductibles, and othercrucial services such as prescription drugs and long-term care. Although the ACAoffers some subsidies and tax credits to help people pay their premiums, it stillleaves millions with many bills for these latter costs.For health care to be affordable, individual costs must reflect individualincomes. As noted earlier, most insured Americans receive their insurancethrough employers. Typically, employers pay part of the cost for that insuranceand deduct the rest from each employee’s wages. Because low- and high-wageworkers have their salaries reduced by the same dollar amount, low-wage work-ers are effectively hit harder: Paying $3,000 per year for health insurance might,for example, force a wealthier worker to scale back his vacation plans but force apoorer worker to put off fixing his roof. For this reason, the US system is con-sideredfinancially regressivein that poorer people must pay a higher percent-age of their income than do wealthier people. In contrast, in countries such asGreat Britain and Canada, health coverage is paid for through graduated in-come taxes. Poorer persons pay alowerpercentage of their income for taxesand therefore for health care than do wealthier persons, creating afinanciallyprogressivesystem. Either way—whether through taxes or lowered wages—the nation’s citizens pay all the costs of health care" "Financial EfficiencyAnother critical measure of ...
COST FACTORS & STRATEGIESReasons for increasing costs of healt.docxvanesaburnand
COST FACTORS & STRATEGIES
Reasons for increasing costs of health care and
Some strategies for managing them
Page
No.
(1)
Admin/
Providers’
Strategies
(2)
Gov’t &
Payors' Strategies
(3)
Societal Factors
Which Increase
Costs
Advanced Technology
Aging Population
AIDS
Capitation
Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Care Mapping/Clinical Pathways
Case Rates and Per Diems
CAT Scanner
Change of Reimbursement System from Charge-Based, to Cost-Based, to Flat-Fee to Capitation
CON (Certificate of Need)
Concurrent Review
Cost Shifting
Cost Accounting System
Deductibles and Co-Payments
Defensive Medicine
Gatekeepers
Global Payments/ Bundling of Services
Increased Chronic, Long-Term Illnesses
Increased Long-Term Care
Inflation
Information Systems Technology
Joint Replacements
Just-in-Time Delivery
Large Jury Awards
Litigation
Medicaid Tightened Eligibility Restrictions
Mergers and Acquisitions
MRI
Neonatal ICU
Organ Transplants
Part-Time Workers Replacing Full-Time Workers
Payment System
Penalties for Services Outside of HMO Network w/o Prior Approval
Point of Care
Preadmission Certification and Second Opinions
Prospective Payment (DRG)
Prospective Payments
Provider Networks
Reengineering/Redesign
Retrospective Review
Rising Expectations
Shift to Outpatient Services
Steerage and Discounts
The Uninsured
Total Quality Management
NAME OF STUDENT:
�Introduction�
Never before have health care professionals faced such complex issues and practical dif-
ficulties trying to keep their organizations financially viable (see Perspective 1–1). With
C h a p t e r O n e
THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH CARE
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Learning Objectives
AAfftteerr ccoommpplleettiinngg tthhiiss cchhaapptteerr,, yyoouu wwiillll bbee aabbllee ttoo::
� Identify key factors that have led to rising health care costs.
� Identify key approaches to controlling health care costs.
� Identify key ethical issues resulting from attempts to control costs.
Introduction
Rising Health Care Costs
The Payment System
Technology
The Aging Population
Prescription Drugs
Chronic Diseases
Compliance and Litigation
The Uninsured
Efforts to Control Costs
Efforts by Payors to Control Health Care
Costs
DRGs
Capitation
Global Payments
APCs
Cutting Delivery Costs
Shift to Outpatient Services
Cost Accounting Systems
Information Services Technology
Mergers and Acquisitions
Reengineering/Redesign
Cost Control Issues with Ethical
Overtones
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter Outline
063123098X-01.qxd 9/11/02 6:34 PM Page 1
turbulent changes taking place in payment, delivery, and social systems, health care pro-
fessionals are faced with trying to meet their organization’s health-related mission in an
environment of extreme cost pressure. In order to provide a context for the topics covered
in this text, .
Single Payer Systems: Equity in Access to Caresoder145
Presentation by Lynn Blewett at "The True Workings of Single Payer Systems: Lessons or Warnings for U.S. Reform' conference sponsored by the Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, May 10 2008.
Essay on Definitions of Health
Healthcare in the United States Essay
Why Is Healthcare Important? Healthcare?
Essay On Healthcare System
Essay On Impact On Health Care
Essay On Home Health Care
Essay On Affordable Health Care
Health Care Persuasive Essay
Essay on Careers in Healthcare
Essay On Health Care
Persuasive Essay On Health Care
Essay On Healthcare In The United States
Inequality in Healthcare Essay examples
Health Care Trends Essay examples
Social Media And Health Care Essay
Essay on Quality Health Care
Essay on Health Care
The Health Of A Health Care System
Essay On Health Care
Persuasive Essay On Health Care
Overview - Health Care IssuesHealth Care IssuesOpposing .docxgerardkortney
Overview - Health Care Issues
Health Care Issues
Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, 2015
In recent years, the availability and affordability of health insurance in the United States has become
the subject of much debate. The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists medical
care among the basic human rights to which all people are entitled. In 2011, however, about 17
percent of Americans had no health insurance at all. For many people who are insured, the cost of
coverage is a financial hardship. This situation has led some people to call for the government to
provide health insurance for all citizens. Others, however, are skeptical of government’s ability to
efficiently manage health insurance and oppose any plans that involve government. The issue is made
more urgent by rapidly rising health care costs that threaten to overwhelm the country’s current
system of health insurance, and the national economy in general. Health care reform has become one
of the most important issues in contemporary American politics.
The Basics of Health Care
In most developed countries, health care systems involve government control or sponsorship. For
instance, in Great Britain, Scandinavia, and the countries of the former Soviet Union, the government
controls almost all aspects of health care, including access and delivery. For the most part, health
services in these countries are free to everyone; the systems are financed primarily by taxes. Other
countries, such as Germany and France, guarantee health insurance for almost all their citizens, but
the government plays a smaller role in managing health care. Both systems are financed at least in
part by taxes on wages.
The US government, by contrast, does not pay for most of its citizens’ health care. Generally,
Americans receive health care through employer-sponsored insurance, or they arrange to pay for
insurance on their own. Like all forms of insurance, health insurance operates by pooling the
resources of a group of people who face similar risks. This creates a common fund that members can
draw upon when needed. Each person in the group pays a certain amount, called a premium, every
month. These premiums are used to cover the medical expenses of group members who become sick
or injured.
Health Insurance in the United States
Today, most Americans receive health insurance through their place of work. Employers typically pay
for part of the premiums. Most employer-sponsored plans are administered through payroll
contributions. People who are self-employed and those whose employers do not provide health
insurance must purchase individual health insurance. Individual plans are generally more expensive
than group plans. Certain low-income individuals and families may be eligible for Medicaid, a form of
government-sponsored health insurance. In 1997, the US government introduced the Children’s
Health Insurance Program (CHIP) to assist the children of families who do not qualify f.
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docxronak56
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer the following questions:
1. What does it mean to be a man in the U.S.? What does it mean to be a woman?
2. From what institutions do we learn these gender roles?
3. How do these clips demonstrate the ways in which gender is socially constructed in the U.S.? Do the concepts discussed in the clips resonate with you? Why or why not?
In Persepolis, the main character Marji struggles to define her identity as an Iranian woman in a changing society.
· What roles are depicted for women in Iranian society in the film? How do they change over time?
· How does Persepolis demonstrate the ways in which gender and identity are influenced in many ways, by different processes across cultures? How are gender roles in Iran similar, or different to gender in the U.S.?
· What are some of the stereotypes that exist about Muslim women and how does Abu-Lughod in “Do Muslim Women Need Saving” and Persepolis complicate these stereotypes?
Answer the following questions 2 full pages
Running head: MAJOR HEALTH CARE PROBLEMS IN THE U.S. 1
Major Health Care Problems in the U.S.
Jane Doe
ID: 1212121
MAJOR HEALTH CARE PROBLEMS IN THE U.S. 2
Major Health Care Problems in the US
Problem statement: High and continuously rising cost of health care has been and still is one of
the biggest challenges affecting the Health Care system in United States.
Methods of Examining the Problem
Both qualitative and quantitative research methods should be used to fully understand the
issue of high cost of care in the US. Quantitative methods like surveys and experimentations will
aid in estimating the prevalence, magnitude and frequency of the problem in different regions.
On the other hand, qualitative methods like case studies and observation will help describe the
extent and complexity of the issue. The two approaches need to work in complementation to
obtain a clear understanding of this menace.
Surveys, as a quantitative research method, is one of the most effective in the social
research and present a more viable method of examining the cost of health in the country. They
involve asking of questions in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires are
written questions to which the response can be open ended or multiple-choice format. This
would be used to gain information about cost within determinants that are of
disagree/neutral/agree nature. An example is if patients are contented with the cost of services
they get or they deem the cost of cover worthy. Interviews, the researcher discussing issues with
the respondents, are to be used to gain more details on already known aspects of the system. This
may include gathering information to inform policies, administration and use of technology to
minimize the cost of care.
Since health cost in the US is not a new challenge and there have been studies about it,
qualitative methods like .
Running Head THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRA.docxaryan532920
Running Head: THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
1
THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
10
Title: The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System
Abstract
The medical care system of the United States of America for the past years has been considered to be the most expensive in the world. The government of the United States has to spend huge amounts of money for medical care in relation to the gross domestic product and these sums are systematically increasing. Now many scholars came to the conclusion that it is the government programs, which held the responsibility for the growth of uncontrolled spending on medical care, with which such growth is a threat to the financial stability of the United States. The issue is worth-discussing, thus, the given work is devoted to the overview of the structure and the main issues of the US healthcare system to find the effective solution.
Unlike other developed countries the medical care system in the United States of America demands more and more funds while its quality remains the same. 1/3 of the US citizens are still uninsured and there is no future hope for improving the situation. People suffer from rapidly growing prices of medical services and slow growth of salaries inclement. Furthermore, the department of insurance loses its integrity and honesty; since they use such an opportunity to fraud money as well as not paying the workers. The risk of becoming bankrupt is very high in medical care system because of unplanned budget. The insurance programs, financed by the state, are also becoming more expensive, and the government is forced to pay more and more money, which later brings about increase in state financial expenditure that immensely contribute to the poor economy. Employees do not have the free will to change their job due to the high cost of insurance and the monopolization (Stone, et al., 2008,p.2-57). This paper will provide evidences by giving the most effective solution to control this problem and also encouraging people make decisive market decisions by finding new approaches.
There are many ways of handling this subject issue of “The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System,” but this research paper primarily will focus on the five articles that represent scholarly articles concerning the subject issue on this topic. The five scholarly articles are: Nolin, (2015) in his study about “Jail overcrowding a perennial issue for many counties; (Stone, P., Hughes, R., & Dailey, M. 2008)about “Creating a safe and high-quality health care environment: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2014). New HHS Data Shows Major Strides Made in Patient Safety, Leading to Improved Care and Savings; Unit ...
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docxdrennanmicah
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
Healthcareby Reta TarlueSubmission date 03-Sep-2019 08.docxpooleavelina
Healthcare
by Reta Tarlue
Submission date: 03-Sep-2019 08:48PM (UTC-0500)
Submission ID: 1166891706
File name: patientprotectionandaffordablecareAct_1_.docx (11.01K)
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Healthcareby Reta TarlueHealthcareORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
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3
Focusing on a Strategy Rigina CochranMPA/593
August 26, 2019
Peter ReevesFocusing on a Strategy
The health care policies in Colorado have led to the increase in household expenses for many years and it is anticipated to keep increasing. This increase in expenses impacts a significant amount of families specifically those who are trying to make ends meet. Challenges on health care costs and spending are typically used interchangeably by policy makers but have different meanings. Determining ways to handle the issue of health care costs as well as other issues related to health care policies in Colorado is essential for the state’s residents (William, 2017).
Transparency
Increasing transparency is one way that can be used to address the issue of healthcare policies in Colorado. The raising of drug prices has brought about a huge conflict among the policy makers and the consumers. New drugs are introduced and put on the market at high prices and many individuals know that the high prices are a great risk in the pharmaceutical industry. These high-priced drugs have confused and disappointed the customers and the policy makers. The various states use the policies that require transparency of pharmaceutical prices in order to force the pharmaceutical companies to take responsibility for the high prices. The manufactures are expected to provide information on rising prices and making the information available to the public. Price transparency enables cost control through customer motivation which has become the main goal among the policymakers.
Transparency aids in enhancing the quality of care as well. It helps hold the physicians responsible for patient care, thus encouraging better patient care, as well as enhancing healthcare productivity. The healthcare administrators control the system that is used for motivating the providers and set pol ...
Running Headhead FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 1FEDERAL .docxanhlodge
Running Headhead: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 1
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH CARE 12
Federal Government in Health Care
Alexander Ludena
Saint Joseph’s University
Health Care Organization
HAD 553
Instructor: Dr. Charl Mattheus
12/10/2017
Abstract
The federal government plays an important role in influencing all facets of health care through its different roles in the American health care sector. This paper will discuss the involvement of the federal government in the health care system through its various roles and how that contributes to health care access, affordability, and quality. This includes its role in purchasing health care services, regulation of healthcare, provider of health care services, sponsor of learning and training programs and in health care research. Through its role as purchaser, the government is involved in buying health care insurance for millions of Americans. This is accomplished through programs including Medicare and Medicaid. In its role as regulator, the government is involved in establishing safety and quality standards aimed at ensuring that patients receive appropriate care. It is also involved in reforming healthcare to ensure it’s affordable, contains value and is accessible to all. This paper will also discuss the involvement of the federal government as provider of health services. As provider, the federal government is involved in the ownership and management of various health care institutions. At this particular capacity, it’s involved in employment of healthcare professionals and as operator of health care delivery systems. This paper will discuss how the federal government is involved in providing health care to diverse population through various federal agencies such as the VHA and the HIS. The federal government has a key role in shaping research in health care through its role as sponsor of applied health care services. It’ll be further discussed government involvement as it plays an imperative role in supporting the development of knowledge and creation of tools required to augment the government in carryings its various roles. This include government sponsorship of research through various agencies including the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Federal Government in Health Care
The provision of health care services to America’s diverse population represents one of the largest segments of the American economy. The federal government is involved in all aspects of the health care sector. Its role and mandate in the healthcare system areis defined by the constitution. It plays somea number of different roles in the American health care field, including the regulation of the medical industry, purchasing health care, health care services provision, sponsorship of education and training programs for health care professionals as well health care services research.
The federal government is majorly involved in healthcare .
Chapter 9 Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of heJinElias52
Chapter 9
"Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of health care systems is whether they offer all of theessential services individuals need. The difficulty lies in defining what is essential.Although all observers would agree that comprehensive health care must includecoverage forprimary care, agreement breaks down quickly when we begindiscussing specialty care. Some individuals, for example, consider coronary bypasssurgery an essential service, but others consider it an overpriced and overhypedluxury. Similarly, some favor offering only procedures necessary to keep patientsalive, but others support offering procedures or technologies such as hip replace-ment surgery, home health care, hearing aids, or dental care, which improvequality of life but don’t extend life.Any system that does not provide comprehensive benefits runs the risk ofdevolving into a two-class system in which some individuals can buy more carethan others can. To those who believe health care is a human right, such a sys-tem seems unethical. Others object to such systems on economic grounds, argu-ing that it costs less in the long run to plan on providing care for everyone thanto haphazardly shift costs to the general public when individuals who can’t affordcare eventually seek care anyway.AffordabilityGuaranteeingaccessto health care does not help those who can’t afford topur-chaseit. Consequently, we also must evaluate health care systems according towhether they make health care coverage affordable, restraining the costs notonly of insurance premiums but also ofco-payments, deductibles, and othercrucial services such as prescription drugs and long-term care. Although the ACAoffers some subsidies and tax credits to help people pay their premiums, it stillleaves millions with many bills for these latter costs.For health care to be affordable, individual costs must reflect individualincomes. As noted earlier, most insured Americans receive their insurancethrough employers. Typically, employers pay part of the cost for that insuranceand deduct the rest from each employee’s wages. Because low- and high-wageworkers have their salaries reduced by the same dollar amount, low-wage work-ers are effectively hit harder: Paying $3,000 per year for health insurance might,for example, force a wealthier worker to scale back his vacation plans but force apoorer worker to put off fixing his roof. For this reason, the US system is con-sideredfinancially regressivein that poorer people must pay a higher percent-age of their income than do wealthier people. In contrast, in countries such asGreat Britain and Canada, health coverage is paid for through graduated in-come taxes. Poorer persons pay alowerpercentage of their income for taxesand therefore for health care than do wealthier persons, creating afinanciallyprogressivesystem. Either way—whether through taxes or lowered wages—the nation’s citizens pay all the costs of health care" "Financial EfficiencyAnother critical measure of ...
COST FACTORS & STRATEGIESReasons for increasing costs of healt.docxvanesaburnand
COST FACTORS & STRATEGIES
Reasons for increasing costs of health care and
Some strategies for managing them
Page
No.
(1)
Admin/
Providers’
Strategies
(2)
Gov’t &
Payors' Strategies
(3)
Societal Factors
Which Increase
Costs
Advanced Technology
Aging Population
AIDS
Capitation
Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Care Mapping/Clinical Pathways
Case Rates and Per Diems
CAT Scanner
Change of Reimbursement System from Charge-Based, to Cost-Based, to Flat-Fee to Capitation
CON (Certificate of Need)
Concurrent Review
Cost Shifting
Cost Accounting System
Deductibles and Co-Payments
Defensive Medicine
Gatekeepers
Global Payments/ Bundling of Services
Increased Chronic, Long-Term Illnesses
Increased Long-Term Care
Inflation
Information Systems Technology
Joint Replacements
Just-in-Time Delivery
Large Jury Awards
Litigation
Medicaid Tightened Eligibility Restrictions
Mergers and Acquisitions
MRI
Neonatal ICU
Organ Transplants
Part-Time Workers Replacing Full-Time Workers
Payment System
Penalties for Services Outside of HMO Network w/o Prior Approval
Point of Care
Preadmission Certification and Second Opinions
Prospective Payment (DRG)
Prospective Payments
Provider Networks
Reengineering/Redesign
Retrospective Review
Rising Expectations
Shift to Outpatient Services
Steerage and Discounts
The Uninsured
Total Quality Management
NAME OF STUDENT:
�Introduction�
Never before have health care professionals faced such complex issues and practical dif-
ficulties trying to keep their organizations financially viable (see Perspective 1–1). With
C h a p t e r O n e
THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH CARE
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Learning Objectives
AAfftteerr ccoommpplleettiinngg tthhiiss cchhaapptteerr,, yyoouu wwiillll bbee aabbllee ttoo::
� Identify key factors that have led to rising health care costs.
� Identify key approaches to controlling health care costs.
� Identify key ethical issues resulting from attempts to control costs.
Introduction
Rising Health Care Costs
The Payment System
Technology
The Aging Population
Prescription Drugs
Chronic Diseases
Compliance and Litigation
The Uninsured
Efforts to Control Costs
Efforts by Payors to Control Health Care
Costs
DRGs
Capitation
Global Payments
APCs
Cutting Delivery Costs
Shift to Outpatient Services
Cost Accounting Systems
Information Services Technology
Mergers and Acquisitions
Reengineering/Redesign
Cost Control Issues with Ethical
Overtones
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter Outline
063123098X-01.qxd 9/11/02 6:34 PM Page 1
turbulent changes taking place in payment, delivery, and social systems, health care pro-
fessionals are faced with trying to meet their organization’s health-related mission in an
environment of extreme cost pressure. In order to provide a context for the topics covered
in this text, .
Single Payer Systems: Equity in Access to Caresoder145
Presentation by Lynn Blewett at "The True Workings of Single Payer Systems: Lessons or Warnings for U.S. Reform' conference sponsored by the Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, May 10 2008.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper.docx
1. Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper
Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion PaperExecutive SummaryThe USA
health care system has significant failures that are worsening over time. About 47 million
Americans do not have health care coverage, and 21% have difficulty paying for health care
needs. On average, the USA pays higher price per unit of health care services when
compared to other developed countries. Comparisons with UK and Sweden reveal that
although the USA system spends more on health care, the UK and Sweden that spend less
report better health outcomes. This is blamed on the fragmented investor-driven health
care system that is faulted for making health care inaccessible and lacking control over
costs. it includes profit-driven middlemen who negotiate for prices and add to the public
health bill. A single-payer system is proposed as better for the USA as it would reduce health
care costs and improve public health outcomes through sustainable cost control and
improve accessibility through universal coverage Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay
Discussion Paper.ORDER YOUR PAPER HEREProposed ChangeDespite spending higher on
average than other developed countries, the USA health care system has failed to provide
coverage for all residents. This is a crisis that is worsening as the economy slows down.
About 47 million Americans do not have health care coverage, and 33% of Americans
younger than 65 years of age are without insurance coverage. In addition, 21% of
Americans have difficulty paying for health care needs. The issue is exacerbated by the fact
that the economy is growing at a slower rate that the rate at which health care expenditure
is increasing. This state of affairs is blamed on the fragmented investor-driven health care
system applied in the USA. This has resulting in higher price per unit of health care services
when compared to other developed countries. This makes it clear that the US health care
system is faulty because it is not available to all Americans and there is no system in place to
control costs (Rice et al., 2021) Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion
Paper.Most other developed countries have some government involvement in health care
delivery to ensure that costs are controlled and coverage is universal. Compared to the USA,
these countries spend less and have better coverage. Also, they have better outcomes when
compared to the USA. The fragmented investor-driven US public health system must be
reformed if costs are to be controlled and outcomes improved. The US system has
commercial, profit driven providers providing care and this sees costs rising (Thomas,
2021). The proposed change is to apply a single-payer public health system that leverages
the power of the government to negotiate affordable prices thereby control costs. This
would make health care more accessible and help in improving public health outcomes
2. Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper.Desired OutcomesAs earlier
indicated, the fragment investor-driven US public health system is ineffective and inefficient
as it is unable to control costs. The system has been able to realize savings from improving
quality of care and health status. However, these savings are diverted to charging higher
prices for health services and products, higher profits, and higher administrative costs. A
single-payer system helps to address this problem by reforming the financial system and
ensuring that the government pays directly for all health care costs. All Americans would be
automatically eligible for coverage as a condition of this single-payer system. In essence, the
proposed change is expected to successfully achieve sustainable cost control and universal
coverage (Shi & Singh, 2022).The proposed single-payer system leverages the power of the
government to negotiate affordable prices with the pharmaceutical industry and health care
providers. In fact, it eliminates the need for middlemen who have been pushing health care
prices up through administrative costs. Some of the eliminated middlemen include private
health insurers. With this change, the administrative costs of health care would also reduce.
In this respect, the proposed change from fragmented investor-driven public health system
to single-payer system is expected to reduce health care costs and improve public health
outcomes through sustainable cost control and improve accessibility through universal
coverage (Sabrin, 2021)Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper.Health
Care System Comparative AnalysisA comparison between the US health care system and
United Kingdom (UK) and Sweden’s health care systems reveals significant shortcomings in
the US system. The average annual health care expenditure per person in the US is at least
double what is spent in each of the two countries. The US figure is estimated at $12,530, a
figure that is significantly higher than Sweden’s system at $5,819 and UK system at $4,400.
Despite spending more than double what residents in other countries spend, the US reports
less favorable health outcomes. First, the US reports higher mortality from preventable
causes when compared to the UK and Sweden. The US reports a figure of 175 per 100,000
population, a figure that is higher than UK at 119 per 100,000 population, and Sweden at 93
per 100,000 population. Second, the US reports higher mortality from treatable causes
when compared to the UK and Sweden. The US reports a figure of 88 per 100,000
population, a figure that is higher than UK at 69 per 100,000 population, and Sweden at 51
per 100,000 population. Third, the US reports higher infant mortality rate when compared
to the UK and Sweden. The US reports a figure of 5.8 deaths per 1,000 live births, a figure
that is higher than UK at 3.9 deaths per 1,000 live births, and Sweden at 2.4 deaths per
1,000 live births. Fourth, the US reports higher obesity prevalence when compared to the
UK and Sweden. The US reports a figure of 30.9% of adults are obese, a figure that is higher
than UK at 20.1%, and Sweden at 13.1%. Fifth, the US reports lower life expectancy at birth
when compared to the UK and Sweden. The US reports a life expectancy figure of 78.6 years,
a figure that is lower than UK at 81.3 years, and Sweden at 82.5 years. Finally, the use has
lower health care spending efficiency when compared to the UK and Sweden. The USA
spends 19.7% of the GDP on health, a higher figure when compared to the UK at 10.43%
and Sweden at 10.9% (see Table 1). Based on this comparative analysis, it is clear that
although the USA system spends more on health care, the UK and Sweden that spend less
have better health outcomes Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion
3. Paper.ORDER YOUR PAPER HERERationale for the Proposed ChangeThe proposal is to
apply a single-payer system in the USA. Currently, the USA applies a fragmented investor-
driven public health system. This has been faulted for being ineffective in providing
universal care, and being inefficient in controlling costs. The system has been able to
improve quality of care and health status while saving costs. However, the savings are
diverted to charging higher prices for health services and products, higher profits, and
higher administrative costs. The result is that health care is not accessible to all Americans
and is very costly. As such, there is a need to improve health care access while controlling
and reducing costs. Towards this end, a single-payer public health system has been
proposed. This system leverages the governments financial power to negotiate affordable
health care costs for the public with the pharmaceutical industry and health care providers.
Also, it reduces the unnecessary administrative costs by eliminating the middlemen, such as
public health insurers. In this respect, the change from fragmented investor-driven public
health system to single-payer system is expected to reduce health care costs and improve
public health outcomes through sustainable cost control and improve accessibility through
universal coverage (Heitkamp, 2019)Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion
Paper.Financial and Health ImplicationsThe fragmented investor-driven public health
system lacks coordination and incentives are misaligned, resulting in inefficient allocation
of resources, especially when it comes to cost savings. The fragmented system has saved on
costs through improving health care quality and health status. However, it has many
unnecessary ‘players’ so that any savings made are spent on the ‘players’. To be more
precise, the fragmented system has many unnecessary middlemen who target the cost
savings to increase their financial take through higher prices for health services and
products, higher profits, and higher administrative costs. The result is that the USA spends a
lot on health care but reports less favorable outcomes and low access. In continuing to use
the fragmented investor-driven public health system, the USA should expect the health care
costs to grow while accessibility reduces (Rice et al., 2021).The fragmented investor-driven
public health system should be replaced with a single-payer system. This approach
leverages the government’s financial power to negotiate affordable prices with the
pharmaceutical industry and health care providers. It allows the government to directly
negotiate for lower prices while reducing the costs incurred from engaging middlemen such
as private health insurers. This helps in achieving sustainable cost controls to improve
public health outcomes, and universal coverage to improve accessibility (Sabrin,
2021)Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper.ConclusionThe purpose of
this paper was to explore the faults in the fragmented investor-driven US public health
system, and propose a solution. Based on the analysis, it is clear that the USA pays higher
price per unit of health care services when compared to other developed countries. Despite
paying a higher price, it reports lower health outcomes. The comparison between
performance in USA, UK and Canada reveals that although the USA system spends more on
health care, the UK and Sweden that spend less have better health outcomes. The US system
has commercial, profit driven providers providing care and this sees costs rising. Also, the
system has middlemen who add to the costs. The proposal is to replace the fragmented
investor-driven US public health system with a single-payer system. A single-payer system
4. is preferable because it eliminates middlemen and unnecessary administrative costs, while
leveraging the government’s financial power to negotiate affordable health care costs with
the savings used to improve access. in this respect, the proposal is to apply single-payer
system in order to reduce costs and improve access.AppendixTable 1: Health Care System
Comparative Analysis (source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,
2022) Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion PaperPublic Health Outcomes
United Kingdom Health Care System Sweden Health Care System US Health Care
SystemAverage annual health care expenditure per person $4,400 $5,819
$12,531Mortality from preventable causes (age standardized rate per 100,000
population) 119 93 175Mortality from treatable causes (age standardized rate
per 100,000 population) 69 51 88Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live
births) 3.9 2.4 5.8Obesity prevalence (percentage of adults) 20.1 13.1
30.9Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.3 82.5 78.6Efficiency (total national
spending on health as % of GDP) 10.43% 10.9% 19.7% ReferencesHeitkamp,
K. L. (Ed.) (2019). Universal Health Care. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (2022). OECD Health Statistics 2021.
https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/health-data.htmRice, T., Rosenau, P., Unruh, L.
Y., & Barnes, A. J. (2021). Health Systems in Transition: USA (2nd ed.). University of Toronto
Press.Sabrin, M. (2021). Universal Medical Care from Conception to End of Life: The Case for
a Single-Payer System. Page Publishing, Inc.Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2022). Delivering Health
Care in America: A Systems Approach (8th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.Thomas, R. K.
(2021). Health Services Planning (3rd ed.). Springer Evidenced-Based Change Proposal
Essay Discussion Paper.Propose a change to one aspect of your local or regional health care
system or program that would improve outcomes. Then, conduct a comparative analysis of
other, non-U.S. health care systems, focusing on the proposed change. Summarize the
proposed change and your comparative analysis in a 5 page report. Introduction Note:
Complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented. Health care systems
around the world provide useful models for analysis. Familiarity with different models and
approaches to health care enables leaders to identify what works and what does not, as the
basis for proposing a change. As we continue to evaluate the complex and fragmented
system in the United States, it is important for nurse leaders to become familiar with the
programs and systems that provide evidence-based quality care that is affordable and
focused on continual improvement. This assessment provides an opportunity to examine a
local or regional health care issue from a global perspective. Preparation Your organization,
in collaboration with the key stakeholders from the community, is funding an initiative to
investigate potential improvements in the local or regional health care system. As a nurse
leader attuned to the effects of health care policy and finance on the provision of affordable,
high-quality care, you have been asked to join the task force conducting the study. You
know that an examination of other countries' health care systems can provide a solid,
evidence-based foundation for evaluating outcomes and identifying benchmarks.
Consequently, you have decided to undertake an analysis of selected, non-U.S. health care
systems and compare them to each other and to the existing local or regional U.S. system to
help inform decision making as the task force considers proposed changes. In this
5. assessment, you will propose a change to one aspect of your local or regional health care
system or program. Conduct a comparative analysis of different health care systems and
summarize your proposed change and findings from your analysis in a report to executive
leaders. To prepare for your assessment, you are encouraged to begin thinking about the
non-U.S. health care systems you might like to examine. In addition, you may wish to:
Review the assessment requirements and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the
work you will be asked to complete. Review Guiding Questions: Proposing Evidence-Based
Change [DOCX], which includes questions to consider and additional guidance on how to
successfully complete the assessment. Note: Remember that you can submit all or a portion
of your draft report to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback before you submit the final
version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the
turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback. MSN PROGRAM JOURNEY The
following is a useful map that will guide you as you continue your MSN program. This map
gives you an overview of all the steps required to prepare for your practicum and to
complete your degree. It also outlines the support that will be available to you along the
way. MSN Program Journey.ORDER YOUR PAPER HERETEMPLATES Use this template for
your summary report. Summary Report Template [DOCX]. Requirements Complete this
assessment in three steps: Propose a change to one aspect of your local or regional health
care system or program that would improve outcomes. Conduct a comparative analysis of
different health care systems, focusing on one aspect of the system you are proposing to
change. Summarize your proposed change and the results of your comparative analysis in a
report to executive leaders. The summary report requirements outlined below, correspond
to the grading criteria in the scoring guide for Proposing Evidence-Based Change, so be sure
to address each point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see
how your work will be assessed. The Guiding Questions: Proposing Evidence-Based Change
document provides additional considerations that may be helpful in completing your
assessment. In addition, be sure to note the requirements below for document format and
length and for citing supporting evidence. Identify an aspect of a local or regional health
care system or program that should be a focus for change. Define desirable outcomes,
including who will pay for care and factors limiting the achievement of those outcomes.
Analyze two non-U.S. health care systems or programs that offer insight into a proposed
change for a health care system or program in the United States. Choose one of the following
options for selecting the two systems or programs: Option 1: Select two systems at opposite
ends of the scale in terms of desirable outcomes for the issue reflected in your proposed
change. Option 2: Select two systems that both produce positive outcomes but take unique
or innovative approaches to the problem. Compare the outcomes in each non-U.S. system
with each other and with present outcomes in your local or regional health care system.
Explain why specific changes will lead to improved outcomes. Determine the financial and
health implications associated with the proposed changes. Address the implications of
making the changes. Address the implications of not making the changes. Write clearly and
concisely in a logically coherent and appropriate form and style. Support assertions,
arguments, propositions, and conclusions with relevant and credible evidence. Document
Format and Length Use the Summary Report Template. This APA Style Paper Tutorial
6. [DOCX] can help you in writing and formatting your assessment. If you would like to use a
different worksheet for your community health assessment, obtain prior approval from
faculty. Your summary report should be 5 pages in length, not including the title page and
references page. Be sure to apply correct APA formatting to all source citations and
references. Supporting Evidence Cite 5 credible sources from peer-reviewed journals or
professional industry publications to support your comparative analysis. Additional
Requirements Be sure to delete all directions from the template before submitting your
summary report. In addition, proofread your report to minimize errors that could distract
readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your analysis.
Portfolio Prompt: You may choose to save your summary report to your ePortfolio.
Competencies Measured By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate
your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: Competency
1: Identify the challenges and opportunities facing health care. Identify an aspect of a local
or regional health care system or program that should be a focus for change. Competency 2:
Compare the effects of different health care finance models and policy frameworks on
resources and patient outcomes. Define desirable outcomes, including who will pay for care
and factors limiting achievement of those outcomes. Analyze two non-U.S. health care
systems or programs that offer insight into a proposed change for a health care system or
program in the United States. Competency 3: Evaluate the positive and negative influences
of leaders on health care processes and outcomes. Determine the financial and health
implications of making—and not making—proposed changes to a health care system or
program. Competency 4: Develop proactive strategies to change the culture of the
organization by incorporating evidence-based practices. Explain why specific changes will
lead to improved outcomes. Competency 5: Communicate effectively with diverse
audiences, in an appropriate form and style consistent with applicable organizational,
professional, and scholarly standards. Write clearly and concisely in a logically coherent and
appropriate form and style. Support assertions, arguments, propositions, and conclusions
with relevant and credible evidence. All of the following must be included: 1. Identifies an
aspect of a local or regional health care system or program that should be a focus for
change. Provides clear expectations for improvements substantiated by credible evidence.
2. Defines desirable outcomes, including who will pay for care and factors limiting
achievement of those outcomes. Provides well-reasoned justification for the definition and
exhibits insight into optimal health care solutions. 3. Explains why specific changes will lead
to improved outcomes. Draws well-substantiated conclusions that are in line with
reasonable expectations. 4. Analyzes two non-U.S. health care systems or programs that
offer insight into a proposed change for a health care system or program in the United
States. Articulates insightful lessons learned from the analysis that have clear implications
for U.S. health care. 5. Determines the financial and health implications of making—and not
making—proposed changes to a health care system or program. Draws insightful, well-
reasoned conclusions based on credible evidence. 6. Writes clearly and concisely in a
logically coherent and appropriate form and style. Main points, ideas, arguments, or
propositions are well-developed and engaging. Adheres to all applicable disciplinary and
scholarly writing standards and conventions. 7. Supports assertions, arguments,
7. propositions, and conclusions with relevant, credible, and convincing evidence. Skillfully
combines error-free source citations with a perceptive and accurate synthesis of the
evidence. Guiding Questions for Assessment 1 Proposing Evidence-Based Change This
document is designed to give you questions to consider and additional guidance to help you
successfully complete the Proposing Evidence-Based Change assignment. You may find it
useful to use this document as a pre-writing exercise, an outlining tool, or as a final check to
ensure that you have sufficiently addressed all the grading criteria for this assignment. This
document is a resource to help you complete the assignment. Do not turn in this document
as your assignment submission. Executive Summary Propose a change to one aspect of your
local or regional health care system or program that would improve outcomes. Then,
conduct a comparative analysis of different health care systems, focusing on the aspect of
the system you are proposing to change, and summarize the results in a summary report.
Identify an aspect of a local or regional health care system or program that should be a focus
for change. • Why did you decide on this particular change? • What improvements do you
expect as a result of the change? • What evidence supports your position? Define desirable
outcomes, including who will pay for care and factors limiting achievement of those
outcomes. • What is your rationale for this definition? • What sources can you cite that
support your definition? Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay Discussion Paper• What
are the two limiting factors? Analyze two non-U.S. health care systems or programs that
offer insight into a proposed change for a health care system or program in the United
States. • Select two systems at opposite ends of the scale in terms of desirable outcomes for
the issue reflected in your proposed change or select two systems that both produce
positive outcomes but take unique or innovative approaches to the problem. Then, compare
the outcomes in each non-U.S. system with each other and with present outcomes in your
community. o How do the two health care systems or programs address the issue? o What
lessons are you able to draw from each example that you could apply in your system?
Explain why specific changes will lead to improved outcomes. • What are the expected
improvements in outcomes? • What evidence can you use to justify your conclusions? • Are
your expectations reasonable within the existing health care system? Determine the
financial and health implications associated with the proposed changes. • Address the
implications of making the changes. • Address the implications of not making the changes. o
What are the likely costs and benefits for individuals and the community at large? o What
are the potential short- and long-term effects? o What evidence do you have that supports
your conclusions? Write clearly and concisely in a logically coherent and appropriate form
and style. • Write with a specific purpose and audience in mind. • Adhere to scholarly and
disciplinary writing standards and APA formatting requirements. Support assertions,
arguments, propositions, and conclusions with relevant and credible evidence. • Integrate
relevant and credible evidence from 3–5 peer-reviewed journals or professional industry
publications. • Is your supporting evidence clear and explicit? o How or why does particular
evidence support a claim? o Will your reader see the connection? • Did you summarize,
paraphrase, and quote your sources appropriately? Submission Reminders • Have you
identified an aspect of your local or regional health care system or program as the focus for
change, with supporting evidence? • Have you clearly defined desirable outcomes and
8. provided supporting evidence? • Have you completed your examination of two non-U.S.
health care systems or programs with respect to the issue reflected in your proposed
change? • Have you adequately explained why specific changes will lead to improved
outcomes and provided supporting evidence?Evidenced-Based Change Proposal Essay
Discussion Paper • Have you determined the financial and health implications both of
making and not making your proposed changes and provided supporting evidence? • Is
your report well supported by 5 sources of relevant and credible evidence? • Is your report
5 pages in length, not including the title page and references page? • Did you proofread your
writing and delete all directions from the template? Below is the template for assessment it
must be used: Change Proposal Summary Report Your Full Name (no credentials) School of
Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University NURS-FPX6218 Leading the Future of
Health Care Proposing Evidence-Based Change Instructor’s Name Month, Year Change
Proposal Summary Report Note: Delete this note and all instructions from the template
before submitting your report. Use headings to organize your text, rather than bullets.
Executive Summary Proposed Change Identify an aspect of a local or regional health care
system or program that should be a focus for change. Desired Outcomes Define each
desirable outcome you wish to examine, including who will pay for care and factors limiting
achievement of those outcomes. Health Care System Comparative Analysis Use Table 1, in
the appendix, for your comparative analysis of the specific outcomes you wish to examine.
Analyze outcomes in two non-U.S. health care systems that offer insight into your proposed
change. • Choose one of the following options for selecting the two systems: o Option 1:
Select two systems at opposite ends of the scale in terms of desirable outcomes for the issue
reflected in your proposed change. o Option 2: Select two systems that both produce
positive outcomes but take unique or innovative approaches to the problem. • Compare the
outcomes in each non-U.S. system with each other and with present outcomes in your local
or regional health care system. Rationale for the Proposed Change Explain why specific
changes will lead to improved outcomes. Financial and Health Implications Determine the
financial and health implications associated with the proposed changes. • Address the
implications of making the changes. • Address the implications of not making the changes.
Conclusion Summarize your analysis and provide your rationale for the proposed change.
Appendix Table 1: Health Care System Comparative Analysis Table directions: 1. Add the
names of the two non-U.S. health care systems and the local or regional U.S. health care
system to the applicable column headings. 2. In the first column, list each outcome. Add
rows to your table, as needed. 3. Add the relevant information pertaining to each outcome
for each health care system in the second, third, and fourth columns. Outcomes [Health Care
System 1] [Health Care System 2] [U.S. Health Care System] List outcome 1 here. List
outcome 2 here. List outcome 3 here. Place in-text citations here, along with any other
information not included in the table itself. References List your APA-formatted references
here. Above is the template for assessment please use it. Evidenced-Based Change Proposal
Essay Discussion Paper