Knights during the era of chivalry were expected to limit their fighting to other armed knights, while the Peace and Truce of God movements placed restrictions on warfare to protect civilians. Universities first emerged in Europe to provide education to a select group of "free men" in subjects taught exclusively in Latin like the liberal arts. Art and architecture were dominated by Christian themes, with Gothic cathedrals employing flying buttresses and Romanesque styles incorporating elements of Roman design.

1. Culture in Europe

2. Chivalry
• Knights were expected to be
brave in battle and limit their
fighting to armed knights
• Called chivalry

3. • Peace of God – church property was off limits
for fighting
– This was to protect those not directly involved in
the fighting
• Truce of God – restricted fighting to certain
days of the week

5. Universities
• Education was not available to most
Europeans
• Students were trained in the liberal arts
• Studies were reserved for “free” men rather
than “common” men
• All subjects were taught in Latin
• Universities sprouted up where well-known
teachers instructed

8. • Paper was expensive and hard to find, so
students spent hours each day memorizing
their lessons
• Typical day was from 4:00 AM to 9:00 PM

9. • Parisian pattern – made up of teachers who
earned masters of arts degrees.
– They regulated the university
• Bologna pattern – groups of students who
regulated the university and hired teachers

10. • Warfare made travel difficult, so countries
started up their own universities
• Universities increased literacy and scientific
advancement

11. Art
• Christian themes and subjects dominated
most art
• Art served to visually teach stories from the
Bible and the Roman Church

15. Architecture
• Centered around the construction of
cathedrals

16. Architecture Styles
• Romanesque – used many elements of the
Roman Style

20. • Gothic – used external support called flying
buttresses

24. Literature
• Latin was the language in the Roman Empire,
but it was not the language spoken by most of
the people in Europe
• Started to print in the vernacular (common
spoken language)

25. Two of the best known writers
• Dante – Divine Comedy
– Poem about an imaginary journey through hell,
purgatory, and paradise

27. • Chaucer – Canterbury Tales
• About a group of pilgrims traveling to visit the
tomb of a famous religious leader in England