The document discusses divorce, remarriage, and blended families from a sociological perspective. It provides historical context on divorce, noting that divorce became more common in the 20th century and is now much more prevalent than a century ago. It also discusses the effects of divorce on children and families, including increased family diversity and the formation of blended families through remarriage.
Truth is, divorce has an ugly side to it. It’s the easy way out for people who have not an ounce of courage to salvage what deserves to be salvaged. While divorcing couples spend their mental energies accusing the other of causing hurt and disharmony in the union, they forget that the children suffer in double doses. Therefore, this book simply highlights the various points that promote the numerous advantages of staying married.
Marriage and family life in america sample essayPremium Essays
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
Truth is, divorce has an ugly side to it. It’s the easy way out for people who have not an ounce of courage to salvage what deserves to be salvaged. While divorcing couples spend their mental energies accusing the other of causing hurt and disharmony in the union, they forget that the children suffer in double doses. Therefore, this book simply highlights the various points that promote the numerous advantages of staying married.
Marriage and family life in america sample essayPremium Essays
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
DIVORCE AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM
When a married couple can not live together comfortably the dissolution of marriage is called ‘divorce’.
Divorce ratio is higher today then compared to rates just 15 years ago: The causes of divorce vary from couple to couple but the research done on the causes of divorce by different researchers shows that
1) Lack of communication: is one of the leading causes of divorce. The divorces often happen when people rarely discuss their expectations in details and are less willing to work on their marriages and would like quick solution rather than having to resolve issues.
2) People who come from divorced homes are more likely to get divorced than people who come from happily married household. divorce seem less like a big deal if one has seen his parents go through with it:
3) People who get married between the ages of 23-27 are likely to stay together, than people who get married in their teens:
PaperSelect one of the quality topics in healthcare from th.docxhoney690131
Paper:
Select one of the quality topics in healthcare from the list below. Prepare a summary document using the table format below (be sure your assignment is submitted in a table). The table should be single spaced and no more than 3-4 pages in length (11 to 12 point font). Except in the case of titles, use complete sentences, i.e., write using narrative format. Include a cover page and a list of references (this is separate from the summary pages).
Select from the following quality topics. NOTE: If there is another related topic that you would like to write on, please get approval from Prof. Powell.
1. Medical Errors
2. Quality and Disparities
3. Patient Safety
4. Quality/Core Measures
5. Value-based Purchasing
6. Pay for Performance (P4P)
7. COVID-19's Impact on Quality
HGMT420 Quality Topic Research Summary
Student Name
Type your name here.
Quality Topic
Provide the name of the quality topic chosen.
Quality Topic Description
Provide a detailed description and origins of the quality topic chosen. Indicate in detail who is affected (and how) by this topic (healthcare providers, patients, healthcare organizations, etc.).
Legislation
Research legislation and/or policies related to the quality topic chosen. Provide a detailed description of the policies/legislation. Describe the scope of the legislation and how it impacts the organization, providers, and patients.
Regulatory
Research Regulatory Agencies that implement policies and enforce legislation related to the quality topic chosen. Discuss in detail at least three (3).
Conclusion
Indicate any upcoming changes, regulations, etc. that will impact the quality topic chosen. What does the future hold for this issue? How should healthcare leaders manage this issue in their organizations?
The grading rubric for this assignment appears below, if you opened the Assignment in the Assignment Folder, or can be opened by clicking on the 'Written Assignment Rubric' tab in the lower right corner of the screen, if you opened the Assignment in Content.
.
Part 1 - Microsoft AccessView GlossaryUse Access to create a.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access
View Glossary
Use Access to create a database in which you can store and retrieve information about the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments, their managers, and their employees.
Create a
new blank database
.
Save the database with the filename
RSC_Theme_Park_Database_MEID.accdb
. Replace “MEID” with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
NOTE:
Read the requirements for the database and be sure you understand how it should work before creating your design.
You will need to complete the following:
Create two tables.
Establish table relationships.
Create one form.
Create two queries.
Create one report.
As you work on the project, remember to follow best practices for creating databases as described in your TestOut materials and the online lesson content.
Create the Tables
Tables and their relationships form the backbone of a relational database. In this database, you will create a table for the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments and their managers, and a table for employees in each department. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (fine granularity) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
using the
AutoNumber
data type. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Department Table
Create a
table
named
Department Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Department ID
Department Name
Manager First Name
Manager Last Name
Manager Email Address
Manager Phone Number
Employee Table
Create a
table
named
Employee Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Employee ID
Department ID
Employee First Name
Employee Last Name
Employee Date of Hire
Employee Rate of Pay
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables. You will join the Department Table with the Employee Table on common fields through the following tasks:
Join the
primary key
of the Department Table with the
foreign key
of the Employee Table in a
One-To-Many
relationship.
Enforce referential integrity.
Cascade update related fields.
Cascade delete related records.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables:
Create
one form
named
Department Form
that can be used to enter data into both tables.
Insert a row
below the Employee Table subform. Add a
button
in the new row to perform the
Add New Record
action with the text:
Add Record
.
Use the form to enter
a m.
DIVORCE AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM
When a married couple can not live together comfortably the dissolution of marriage is called ‘divorce’.
Divorce ratio is higher today then compared to rates just 15 years ago: The causes of divorce vary from couple to couple but the research done on the causes of divorce by different researchers shows that
1) Lack of communication: is one of the leading causes of divorce. The divorces often happen when people rarely discuss their expectations in details and are less willing to work on their marriages and would like quick solution rather than having to resolve issues.
2) People who come from divorced homes are more likely to get divorced than people who come from happily married household. divorce seem less like a big deal if one has seen his parents go through with it:
3) People who get married between the ages of 23-27 are likely to stay together, than people who get married in their teens:
PaperSelect one of the quality topics in healthcare from th.docxhoney690131
Paper:
Select one of the quality topics in healthcare from the list below. Prepare a summary document using the table format below (be sure your assignment is submitted in a table). The table should be single spaced and no more than 3-4 pages in length (11 to 12 point font). Except in the case of titles, use complete sentences, i.e., write using narrative format. Include a cover page and a list of references (this is separate from the summary pages).
Select from the following quality topics. NOTE: If there is another related topic that you would like to write on, please get approval from Prof. Powell.
1. Medical Errors
2. Quality and Disparities
3. Patient Safety
4. Quality/Core Measures
5. Value-based Purchasing
6. Pay for Performance (P4P)
7. COVID-19's Impact on Quality
HGMT420 Quality Topic Research Summary
Student Name
Type your name here.
Quality Topic
Provide the name of the quality topic chosen.
Quality Topic Description
Provide a detailed description and origins of the quality topic chosen. Indicate in detail who is affected (and how) by this topic (healthcare providers, patients, healthcare organizations, etc.).
Legislation
Research legislation and/or policies related to the quality topic chosen. Provide a detailed description of the policies/legislation. Describe the scope of the legislation and how it impacts the organization, providers, and patients.
Regulatory
Research Regulatory Agencies that implement policies and enforce legislation related to the quality topic chosen. Discuss in detail at least three (3).
Conclusion
Indicate any upcoming changes, regulations, etc. that will impact the quality topic chosen. What does the future hold for this issue? How should healthcare leaders manage this issue in their organizations?
The grading rubric for this assignment appears below, if you opened the Assignment in the Assignment Folder, or can be opened by clicking on the 'Written Assignment Rubric' tab in the lower right corner of the screen, if you opened the Assignment in Content.
.
Part 1 - Microsoft AccessView GlossaryUse Access to create a.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access
View Glossary
Use Access to create a database in which you can store and retrieve information about the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments, their managers, and their employees.
Create a
new blank database
.
Save the database with the filename
RSC_Theme_Park_Database_MEID.accdb
. Replace “MEID” with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
NOTE:
Read the requirements for the database and be sure you understand how it should work before creating your design.
You will need to complete the following:
Create two tables.
Establish table relationships.
Create one form.
Create two queries.
Create one report.
As you work on the project, remember to follow best practices for creating databases as described in your TestOut materials and the online lesson content.
Create the Tables
Tables and their relationships form the backbone of a relational database. In this database, you will create a table for the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments and their managers, and a table for employees in each department. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (fine granularity) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
using the
AutoNumber
data type. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Department Table
Create a
table
named
Department Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Department ID
Department Name
Manager First Name
Manager Last Name
Manager Email Address
Manager Phone Number
Employee Table
Create a
table
named
Employee Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Employee ID
Department ID
Employee First Name
Employee Last Name
Employee Date of Hire
Employee Rate of Pay
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables. You will join the Department Table with the Employee Table on common fields through the following tasks:
Join the
primary key
of the Department Table with the
foreign key
of the Employee Table in a
One-To-Many
relationship.
Enforce referential integrity.
Cascade update related fields.
Cascade delete related records.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables:
Create
one form
named
Department Form
that can be used to enter data into both tables.
Insert a row
below the Employee Table subform. Add a
button
in the new row to perform the
Add New Record
action with the text:
Add Record
.
Use the form to enter
a m.
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019Use Access to create a database to.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019
Use Access to create a database to store and retrieve Manufacturer Contact and Inventory information for Rio Salado Boat and Marine dealership.
Create a
new blank Access database
.
Save the file as
BoatDatabase_MEID.accdb
. Be sure to replace “MEID” in the filename with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
Read the requirements for the database below and understand how the database should work before you create the design. Remember to follow the best practices presented in TestOut and the online lesson content for creating professional Access databases.
Create the Tables
You will create new tables that contain information about the Rio Salado Boat and Marine Dealership’s manufacturers and inventory. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (
fine data granularity
) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. You will also need to join the tables on common fields later in the project. For this project, assume a manufacturer can supply the boat dealership with multiple types of boats for the dealership’s inventory.
NOTE:
Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Manufacturer Contact Table
Create a new
table
named
Manufacturer Contact Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Manufacturer ID
Manufacturer (e.g., Bayliner)
Manufacturer Address
Sales Representative Name
Phone Number
Email Address
Inventory Table
Create a new
table
named
Inventory Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Inventory ID
Manufacturer ID
Boat Type (e.g., Sailboat)
Model Number
Dealer Cost
MSRP (i.e., Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price)
Quantity in Inventory
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables:
Join the Manufacturer Contact Table with the Inventory Table on common fields.
Enforce referential integrity.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. Remember that
each field of each record will need to include data
. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables.
Create
one form
named
Manufacturer Form
that can be used to enter data into
both
tables.
Use the form to enter a
minimum of four manufacturers
. Include
your name
in one of the records as a Sales Representative for one of the manufacturers.
Use the form to enter
at least two different boat types
for
each
manufacturer.
Create the Queries
The ability to extract data from one or more tables is one of the most important functions provi.
ParkinsonsPathophysiology, progression of disease, complication.docxhoney690131
Parkinsons:
Pathophysiology, progression of disease, complications, treatment options.
Detached Retina:
Pathophysiology, symptoms of macular degeneration, treatments and prognosis
CVA:
Left sided CVA, pathophysiology, stages of developing Atheroma, predisposing factor and treatments.
1000 words
APA style
.
Parenting Practices among DepressedMothers in the Child Welf.docxhoney690131
Parenting Practices among Depressed
Mothers in the Child Welfare System
Patricia L. Kohl, Jacqueline Njeri Kagotho, and David Dixon
The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred
to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent
Weil-Being, to examine the association between maternal depression and parenting practices
over a 36-month follow-up period.Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Depressed mothers are'
more likely to demonstrate harsh parenting than are nondepressed mothers; (2) depressed
mothers are more likely to demonstrate neglectful parenting than are nondepressed mothers;
and (3) depressed mothers are more likely to demonstrate emotional maltreatment than are
nondepressed mothers. The interaction between depression and time was also analyzed for
each parenting practice to determine how changes in maternal depression affected changes in
parenting. The sample for this study was 1,536 mother-child dyads in which the child was age
three to 10 years and remained in the home after a CPS investigation. Depression remained
high across time points and was associated with increased risk of emotional maltreatment and
neglect over a 36-inonth period. In addition, self-reported emotional maltreatment remained
high across time points. Implications of this work are the needs for better identification of
mental health needs for mothers entering the child welfare system and parent training to
specifically address positive parenting.
KEY WORDS: child welfare; maternal depression; National Survey
of Child and Adolescent Well-Being; parenting
M
aternal depression, a critical public
health concern, is prevalent among
mothers referred to Child Protective
Services (CPS) agencies. In fact, nearly a quarter of
adults entering the child welfare system meet the
diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode
in the preceding 12 months (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Administration on
Children.Youth and Families [HHS, ACYF], 2005),
compared with only 7% of adults in the general
population (Kessler, Chiu, Demier, & Walters, 2005).
Furthermore, w ômen have an increased likelihood
of experiencing depression compared with men
(Kessler et al., 2003), and women exposed to a
high number of chronic Stressors—as many women
referred to CPS agencies are—are three times more
likely than women with less exposure to Stressors to
experience maternal depression (Orr,James, Burns,
& Thompson, 1989). Given that women comprise
the vast majority of primary caregivers among the
child welfare population (HHS, ACYF, 2005), it is
important to understand how maternal depression
affects outcomes after a CPS referral.
The high rate of maternal depression in the child
welfare system is a concern given its influence on
parenting practices. Symptoms of depression may
impede a woman's capacity to provide care for her
children, placing her at risk to engage in neglectful
parentin.
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text(P) Topic Sentence-(I).docxhoney690131
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text
(P) Topic Sentence-
(I) Follow-Up Development-
(E) Engage the text-
1. Attribution Tag (optional)
2. Paraphrase/Quote ENGAGE TEXT IN MIDDLE 1/3
3. Address or analyze quote
(S) Connect Back to Main Point/Further Insight-
Rules for Paraphrase/Quoting – English 101
· Functions as support
· Centrally located – middle 1/3 of paragraph
· Short quotations only – 4 lines of text or less
· Citation and possible attribution required
· MLA Format
Example Approach to a paragraph with a quote/paraphrase:
1. Identify a passage that includes a key idea from the text to quote/paraphrase:
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027).
2. Create a topic sentence that connects to or sets up the text support:
A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol.
3. Follow up and develop the idea with your analysis breaking down the point.
4. Notice the set up of the text by attributing the author (sometimes title) of the source.
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that
5. Add in text citation after the source use – (1027).
6. Close out paragraph by addressing the source use and returning back to your main idea for further analysis.
Put it all Together w/ Source Support Highlighted:
(P) A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the high rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol. (I) Substance abuse can cripple one’s ability to maintain a common standard of living. Those suffering in the throes of addiction will struggle to hold a job and often lose connection to the support of their loved ones. This disconnect from a steady income, family, and friends, plus the cost of their addiction, may lead to a life on the streets. Once there, the addiction can further manifest and take hold continuing a dangerous spiral. (E) Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027). This connection can be powerful and extremely challenging to break. (S) Even if addiction did not cause the homeless state, living without shelter, physical and emotional, creates an opportunity for substances to replace security and love. When trying to rise out of a homelessness, the need to kick the addiction becomes paramount to become self-reliant again. The clear relationship between homelessness and substance abuse creates a challenging set of circumstances for both the individual and those attempting to intervene and help.
Remember the “Rule of Thirds”
To.
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government trave.docxhoney690131
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government travel card.
it should have and : introduction a) attention b) motivation c) overview with main points
II body
mainpoint 1 the problem
main point 2 discussion
main point 3 recommendation
iii conclusion
a ) summary review main points
b) remotivation
with references. 3 pages
.
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required.docxhoney690131
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required
find two advertisements from any source (newspaper, magazine, tv, etc). One will be an example of the ways that the advertisement perpetuates ideas about race and/or ethnicity in a negative, prejudicial, or stereotypical way. The other should be an advertisement that challenges those prejudicial and stereotypical ways. Compare and contrast the advertisements. What ages, genders, races, etc are present in each advertisement (think back to the discussion of social statuses from chapter 5). What message do those statuses send? What key message is being sent by each advertisement? Summarize a thesis statement of 1-2 sentences that wraps up succinctly one message that can be gleaned from each of the advertisements about race and ethnicity. This will be presented as part of your main body, and the discussion should include discussion of many of these topics: socialization, race and ethnicity, prejudice, discrimination, us/them, and norms and/or values. You will need to bring in the social construction of reality, as well.
Then, find two more advertisements. One should include white models, and one should include individuals of color as the models. Challenge yourself to pick them at random without trying to find the “perfect” example, as we want to see what the average ad does. Explain how this example from the media adds to the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity. Be sure to provide ample evidence of how this process occurs, and the role that the social institution of the media plays in the construction of race and ethnicity. Your discussion should include a clear explanation of what the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity is, and how cultural transmission occurs through the media. This will be presented as part of your main body.
For your concluding paragraph, you will bring together a solid conclusion about race and ethnicity, giving a nice sociological analysis.
.
Paper Requirements 4 pages (including title page, 2 pages .docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements
4 pages (including title page, 2 pages of content, and reference page)
1 Inch Margins
Running Header
12 pt font
double spacing
References from the text
Use of outside references
Some questions to consider to help you draft your response
What are the main lessons that have resonated with me?
Why did these lessons resonate with me?
What concepts were easy to learn and why?
What concepts were more challenging to understand and why?
How could I use this in now and in the future?
What lessons do I have direct experience with and why?
Please ask any questions in this week's discussion.
.
Paper RequirementsRequired topic headings for your paper shou.docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements:
Required topic headings for your paper should include the background surrounding the issue, a historical perspective, current issues that are applicable, legislation dealing with this topic, examples, global dynamics/impact (such as issues, processes, trends, and systems),personal impact from a global perspective, and a summary. These are the topics to be discussed in the term paper
Each paper should contain a reference list of at least five (5) different substantial and quality references. The references and reference citations for the term paper must be to a current event less than 3 years old (a reference with no date (n.d.) is not acceptable). This requires a reference citation in the text of the paper and a reference at the end of the paper to which the reference citation applies. You must include some information obtained from the reference in your answer. The references must be found on the internet and you must include a URL in your reference so that the reference can be verified.
You cannot use information from the text book or any book/article by the author of the text book as a current event. Make sure that your reference has a date of publication.
The body of the paper should be a minimum of six typed double spaced pages. Your cover page and reference page cannot be counted in this number. You should use the APA format for your reference citations and the reference page.
Grading Rubric for Term Paper
Grading criterion Unit Points Total Points
Uploaded to correct Dropbox 4 4
Submitted on time 15 15
Document Filename:
Your Last Name,first and middle initial with correct quiz number 4 4
Documentation that you placed the term paper in your ePortfolio in Mane Sync 10
Minimum of 6 typed, double-spaced pages 5 15
(excluding cover and reference pages - use APA style)
Rationally expressed opinions, experiences (personal or observed), 8
arguments and premises (where appropriate) to support responses
(did not simply restate/summarize author/textbook/article)
Clearly presented classical ethics theories relative to topic 5
Included ‘URL’ for appropriate verifiable current event 10 23
(i.e., example of topic being discussed WITH EXPLANATION)
NOTE: Must be less than 4 years old
Grammatically correct and appropriate tone 7
(professional, non-offensive language)
Typographically correct 7 14
Included a minimum of five (5) 7
different substantial and quality references
full citations as needed 3
Used correct APA format 5 15
Used required and appropriate headings 10 10
Maximum grade 100 100
PUB 407 ML
Productivity Improvement in the Public Sector
Class 1
Chapter 1
· What is a government’s role and purpose?
· To provide services to their citizens.
· Name some types of governments
· Federal
· State
· County
· City
· Special Districts
· Name some services:
· Police
· Fire
· Military
· Water
· Sewer
· Electric
· Emergency
· What else?
· The public’s, often negative, perception of government is sha.
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section .docxhoney690131
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section headers for each of the paper sections noted below (Three Representational Roles and Role You Choose, Influence of Legislative Leaders, Rank and Explain Influences of Institutional Factors, and Explain Your Vote)
Objective: The objective for this assignment is for students to understand and critically analyze the multiple pressures on policy makers in Texas as they most listen to their leaders, the governor, the voters (social responsibility) and their own conscience (personal responsibility) in deciding how to cast their vote on a controversial issue.
Assignment: You have recently been elected as a Republican to the Texas Senate from a competitive district (even number of Democrats, Republicans and Independents) just outside of Dallas. One of the first bills that you must vote on is House Bill 3- a Bill to forbid the creation of sanctuary cities (protecting undocumented immigrants from deportation). Your constituents support the bill as does the Governor your party, but you oppose it on grounds that most undocumented Texans are hardworking people who want to become legal citizens. The Speaker of the House opposes the bill as well.
In explaining how you will vote on the bill, be sure to explain the following:
What Representational Role you will adopt (trustee, delegate or politico). (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25). Be sure to discuss all three representational roles.
How will the Speaker of the House, the Lt. Governor and Governor of Texas influence the fate of the bill? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slides 4-9, 4-10, 4-18 & 4-22 )
How do you think constituents might try to influence your vote? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-20)
Which factors noted above and in your notes (constituents, governor, party leaders and your own opinion) will influence your vote? Rank them in importance. (Unit 4, Written Lectures, Slide 4-20, 4-21)
Will you vote for or against the bill? Please explain your answer thoroughly. You should refer back to the representational role here. (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25)
.
Paper OrganizationStart with a title page and organize your pa.docxhoney690131
Paper Organization
Start with a title page and organize your paper with the following guidelines: 5-7 pages
· Title Page: Include a title page with the following title: Ethical Behavior, Diversity, Civil Discourse, and Educating Adults: A Literature Review.
· Introduction: The opening content should directly follow the title of the paper (repeated from the title page). In this section, list or summarize the issues you selected from the literature related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse, and provide a summary or road map for the content included in your paper.
· Overview of Issues: Begin the body of your paper with an overview of the issues related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose for this review. Describe connections among these issues and their significance to adult education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Diversity Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issues you chose to review specifically relate to educating adults. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Ethical Behavior Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Civil Discourse Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Review of the Literature: The literature review should include a minimum of six references from peer-reviewed journal articles related to Adult Education. Analyze this scholarly literature, focusing on the connections between Adult Education and the issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose to research. Continue writing in third person and cite the literature for support.
· Conclusion: Your conclusion should emphasize the main themes in your paper and provide a synthesis of the literature reviewed, with special attention to the connections and relationships among the issues you chose to research and your educational specialization.
· References: Include a minimum of five different scholarly, peer-reviewed journals (related to your field of specialization) that are also cited in the paper. Your citations must have references and your references should be included within your paper as in-text citations.
Ethical Behavior, Diversity, and Civil Discourse Scoring Guide
Due Date: Sat 5/30
CRITERIA
NON-PERFORMANCE
BASIC
PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
20%
Does not identify connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
Identifies connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, a.
Paper on topic Date visualization A critical evaluation of its ar.docxhoney690131
Paper on topic: Date visualization: A critical evaluation of its art & science.
Abstract (1 page)
Introduction ( 1 Page)
Literature Review (3 pages)
Methodology (3 pages)
Interpretation (3 pages)
Conclusion (1 page)
Recommendation (1 page)
References - 8
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PAPER EXPECTATIONSFollow the instructions.Make your ideas .docxhoney690131
PAPER EXPECTATIONS
Follow the instructions.
Make your ideas concise.
Use as few words as you can to make your statements. This will allow you more room to develop your great ideas!
Avoid repetition and redundancy
of both ideas and words. This is the issue that I usually subtract the most points for, so take care.
For example, when you edit your papers, make sure that you don’t say “Cool Herc is widely accepted as the originator of hip hop”, and then two sentences later, “As Cool Herc is the originator of hip hop…”. See how these two are the same idea? If the reader already has the information, repeating it just takes up space. Another thing to avoid is using the same word multiple times in quick succession. For example: “I found it exciting to listen to the this music. Eri B. has an exciting tone to his voice. When I hear how he flows when he strings words together, I feel excited.” See how ‘excitement’ occurs three times in three sentences? Here’s another more subtle example: “He used the turntable as a way to switch songs seamlessly, using the scratch method to cover up the different beats that were used in each song.” In this example, the word ‘use’ occurs three times in the same sentence! Because it’s a less emotional word, it might be harder to catch, but it’s just as problematic.
I like to see ‘I’ statements.
I find that turning the focus on yourself (especially when we are dealing with sensitive issues and incorporating personal experience, as I encourage) is a great way to avoid generalizing groups and ideas. If your statement is clearly from your perspective, then I as a reader can empathize with your position. If you use lots of ‘we as a generalized group of people act and feel this specific way’, it makes me wonder what research you’ve done, what data points you have, and how many people you have interviewed in order to have that knowledge.
Going off of the previous expectation:
BE SPECIFIC!
If you do make a generalized statement about a situation, back it up with details. Show the research. Reference or quote the authors who initially made the observations and put their work into context. If you tell me that Cool Herc is largely agreed to be the originator of hip hop, tell me why and give examples.
For example, something with detail and context would be: “Although Jamaican soundsystem culture is at the roots of hip hop, Cool Herc was the first to create tracks sourced from James Brown, using the funkier, harder beats that we’ve come to associate with hip hop today.” See how this gives specific details and context on either end of the statement that Cool Herc was the first person to make hip hop?
Make sure you include proper internal references, and construct your bibliography following MLA format
. In your paper, I like to see at least (Author, Date of Publication). For example: “Cool Herc is widely agreed to be the originator of hip hop(Babin 2020).” This tells me you got the information from the .
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title pag.docxhoney690131
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title page and references). APA format is required. There should be headings for each question answered. Be sure to review the rubric prior to writing your paper. Be careful to answer each section of the question asked. https://excellentwriter.xyz/education-homework-help/for-this-assignment-you-will-conduct-a-taste-test-using-at-least-7-participants/ This is a formal paper, so formal, professional language should be used, rather than conversational language.
Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities Social workers understand that engagement is an ongoing component of the dynamic and interactive process of social work practice with, and on behalf of, diverse individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers value the importance of human relationships. Social workers understand theories of human behavior and the social environment, and critically evaluate and apply this knowledge to facilitate engagement with clients and constituencies, including individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers understand strategies to engage diverse clients and constituencies to advance practice effectiveness. Social workers understand how their personal experiences and affective reactions may impact their ability to effectively engage with diverse clients and constituencies. Social workers value principles of relationship-building and inter-professional collaboration to facilitate engagement with clients, constituencies, and other professionals as appropriate. Social workers: apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituencies; and use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and constituencies. VIGNETTE Billy Brown Case Billy Brown is an 11 years old, and referred to you because it has been determined that he has been abused by his mother. Billy’s teacher reported the situation to protective services when she saw unexplained bruises on Billy’s arms and the intake worker who responded, founded a case of abuse. You are employed by Child Protective Services and will manage the case, which has been transferred to you from the intake emergency worker. Lorene Brown is Billy’s Mother. She is 28 years old, unemployed, and did not complete her high school education. She receives welfare benefits and lives in a small apartment she shares with a man whom she calls her boyfriend. Lorene is divorced and Billy’s father has shown no interest in him since he was born. Lorene is uncertain if he is incarcerated or not, and doesn’t know his whereabouts. Lorene and her boyfriend often engage in sexual behavior in the presence of Billy, who pretends not to see it, as their apartment is a studio. Lorene knew her boyfriend for 2 weeks before he moved in.
Lorene app.
Paper format and information4-5 pages in length.Papers mu.docxhoney690131
Paper format and information:
4-5 pages in length.
Papers must thoroughly explore the notable contributions of each performer.
Double spaced.
Use an easily readable font like Arial. Also use 12 point type.
Include sources in a bibliography at the end of your paper: Books, periodical articles, internet articles, etc.
EXAMPLE:
Follow the guidelines for writing as presented in one of the following style manuals:
A Pocket Style Manual
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(2016), by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers (7th edition) Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's: ISBN-10: 1319083528
The MLA Handbook (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(Eighth edition)
, by Joseph Gibaldi. New York: Modern Language Association. 2016 ISBN-10: 1603292624
Note: At least 4 different sources for your information!
.
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent arti.docxhoney690131
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent articles it could be in Quality risk factors, Management strategies, Risk management patient, quality management in health care.. Use previous articles compare one disease for two countries then analyze and develop their strategies Make Saudi Arabia one of them or compare Saudi Arabia with other health care system such as European or America.
.
Paper 2 Assignment POT 2002.Assignment Write a 1000 wor.docxhoney690131
Paper 2 Assignment
POT 2002
.
Assignment: Write a 1000 word paper (= 3-4 pages, double-spaced) on one of the
following topics:
1.) In The Prince, Machiavelli writes: “And let no one resist my opinion on this
with that trite proverb, that whoever founds on the people founds on mud.”
According to Machiavelli, how should a prince “found on the people”? How does
his advice ultimately benefit the people?
2.) Take a look of the foundations of the social contract in both Hobbes and
Locke. How do their different assumptions about human nature and the state of
nature inform their theories? How does this result in their different conceptions
of civil society/government? Identify and analyze at least two different
assumptions and speak about the implications for their theories.
Papers cannot be submitted by email under any circumstances
Guidelines for Papers
1. Your paper is supposed to be an interpretation of some aspect of the
work(s): in other words, an argument concerning some aspect of the work
based on analysis of relevant textual evidence. Your paper is not supposed
to be a summary of the work, a statement of your opinion about the work, or a
discussion of its historical significance or relevance. Frame your paper as an
investigation of why and how the author makes the argument he or she does
rather than simply saying what is said. Turn your topic into an argument.
2. Give a clear statement of your argument at the beginning of your paper.
3. Unify your paper with a single argument with a logical development from one step of
the argument to the next. Do not make your paper a collection of separate points or
examples.
4. Every time you state that the author states or argues something you should
have evidence to support your statement, either in the form of a quotation or a specific
textual reference. Only quote what you need for your purposes. Try to look at your
quotations as something more than mere evidence, and instead as material that you
can analyze (break down into its parts in order to interpret it) in order to make your
argument.
5. Use clear and simple language, but a formal style. Obscurity is not profundity. Make
sure that you know the meaning of the words you use. You are writing a formal paper,
not an email message. Avoid colloquial or chatty language. Do not use contractions:
not using them reminds you of the appropriate level of discourse for your paper.
Criteria for assessing your work:
1. Do you have a clear statement of your argument?
2. Do you provide relevant evidence?
3. Are your reasoning and writing clear and effective?
4. Do you demonstrate understanding of the work(s) you are analyzing?
5. To what degree do you address the most important questions and problems
posed by the work(s) you are interpreting?
Warning: If your paper is effectively a summary of the work rather than an interpretation
of it, then the best grade you can possibly receive .
Paper detailsUnit 4 Discussion Prompt1. What is the .docxhoney690131
Paper details:
Unit 4 Discussion Prompt:
1. What is the primary distinction between early management theories and contemporary theories?
2. Discuss how management differs from leadership and give an example contrasting the two functions.
3. How do you define personal power? Of the power bases described, what resonates most with you?
4. Do leaders always need to be team players? Why or why not?
Participation Requirements:
Consult the grading rubric for the grading criteria.
Original discussion board posts:
• Create a thread for your original post identified with your name.
.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Ch 10 divorce, remarriage and blended families the critically ac
1. CH 10 Divorce, Remarriage and Blended Families
The critically acclaimed film The Squid and the Whale follows
a couple’s acrimonious divorce and its effects on their two sons.
The performer Miley Cyrus described why she broke up with
her fiancé, Liam Hemsworth, at the age of 21, this way: I was
so scared of ever being alone, and I think, conquering that fear,
this year, was actually bigger than any other transition that I
had, this entire year . . .I don’t ever want to have to need
someone again, where you feel like, without them, you can’t be
yourself. (Effron 2013) Are individualism and marriage the oil
and water of modern relationships, unable ever to fully mix
together? If people pursue marriage primarily to make
themselves happy and then judge the relationship on the basis of
their own happiness, then marriage will be unstable, always
facing the risk that one partner or the other will feel unfulfilled
and turn away. In fact, that may be why divorce has become a
prominent feature of the relationship landscape. Maybe that’s
not a bad thing. If it means that the relationships that do survive
are built on genuine mutual happiness or satisfaction, then the
modern family order may be an improvement over the past. But
if the experience of divorce, or the threat of divorce, looms
large in modern families, then we all live under a cloud of
family uncertainty. Individual freedom is a cherished value for
most people. But uncertainty comes with risks, especially for
children, who are the most vulnerable to the stress of family
transitions (Cherlin 2010). This is the central dilemma of
divorce that we confront. For the Children’s Sake Of course,
there is nothing wrong with loving oneself if that means
recognizing and respecting one’s own needs and desires. But
how is individual happiness to be balanced against famil y
commitments, including marriage? This is as much a moral
question as a practical or psychological one. In the face of such
a quandary, 362 Chapter 10: Divorce, Remarriage, and Blended
Families many people evoke the principle of making decisions
2. in the best interest of children rather than adults. Some parents
try to prevent or delay divorce for the children’s sake—to spare
them the disruption, potential financial loss, and even shame of
a family breakup. Other parents, however, want a divorce for
the children’s sake—to keep them from living under the cloud
of constant bickering or to remove them from the care of an
irresponsible (or even abusive) spouse. And then there are the
children themselves. Their parents’ breakup may be the first
time they seriously face the need to evaluate, in moral terms,
the behavior of adults. For better or worse, in the words of
researcher Carol Smart, divorce “shatters the taken-for-
grantedness of family life.” She quotes a 12-year-old girl whose
parents divorced: I can remember some arguments and I can
remember thinking “Oh my god my parents hate each other” but
now I don’t think they hate each other; they are friends. But if
you argue in front of your children they will think you hate each
other. You need to split up or at least give yourselves some
space until you’ve thought about it because that is what is best
for them. (Smart 2006:167) Through the unhappy experience of
her parents’ conflicted marriage and eventual divorce, this girl
learned something about how to apply ethical standards to adult
behavior and came to believe that her parents made the right
decision. Divorce, perhaps more than most experiences in life,
drives home the lesson that there are many sides to every story.
Just as there are different angles to the story within a particular
family, there also are many ways to see the social phenomenon
of divorce. What to some people seems like the liberation of
unhappy spouses (and children) from a life unfulfilled—or
worse—to others seems like another step down the road toward
the collapse of the family as an institution. The long-term
increase in divorce and remarriage in American family life
raises several questions linked to our three overarching themes
in this book. Clearly, the proliferation of different family
arrangements contributes to family diversity. Further, the trend
in divorce has been to widen social class inequality in family
life, as we will see that divorce has become much less common
3. among those with the highest levels of education. Divorce also
highlights the social change toward an individual orientation in
family life and decision making. You might link all of this to an
overall trend toward selfishness on the part of adults, especially
in relation to the well-being of children. But the weakening of
those bonds—informal or legal rules and obligations that keep
people together even when they don’t want to be—might also be
a sign of personal liberation and enhanced social freedom.
Although there are various ways of assessing U.S. trends in
divorce, there is no dispute that divorce is vastly more common
today than it was a century ago. Furthermore, the everyday
nature of divorce has changed the institution of the family for
everyone, even those who never themselves divorce. Children’s
lives and relationships are clearly affected when their parents
break up; for example, many people whose own parents
divorced react by limiting themselves to informal
relationships—or by avoiding living with another person
altogether—partly out of aversion to the possibility of divorce
(Klinenberg 2012). The expanding diversity of family
arrangements leads to different kinds of life stories that
sociologists seek to understand and explain. In this chapter, we
will review some history and recent trends regarding divorce—
the who, when, and why of couple breakups. Then we will
consider some of the causes and consequences of divorce for
women, men, and children. Finally, we will discuss the
remarriage and blended family arrangements that follow divorce
for most people, which raise a further set of questions and
issues for modern families. As in the case of marriage
generally, although almost all studies and statistics about
divorce relate to heterogamous couples—those with one man
and one woman—gay and lesbian divorce and relationship
dissolution are a part of the family landscape as well (Rosenfeld
2014). We don’t yet have much systematic information about
how and when such breakups occur, but what we do have so far
reveals little difference in the patterns for straight versus gay
and lesbian couples (Manning, Brown, and Stykes 2016). In
4. most of this chapter I discuss research on couples without
regard to their gender. Church and State The history of divorce
in Western societies shows the state as an institutional arena, its
leaders, laws, and regulations increasingly encroaching on the
Christian church’s authority with regard to the family. The
family that emerged in the modern era is much more under the
control of state authorities than of religious authorities, with
deference to religious authority now usually seen as a conscious
choice rather than a requirement. But before I tell that story, let
me define a few terms. Divorce as a legal event is only part of
what concerns social scientists with regard to couple breakups.
When marriages end, we refer to it as marital dissolution, the
end of a marriage through permanent separation or divorce. We
use that term because some couples who separate never get a
legal divorce. Separation refers to the formal or informal
separation of married spouses into different households. In
some cases, this is a legal agreement, and in some states,
separation is required before a divorce can be granted. Finally,
divorce is the legal dissolution of marriage according to the
laws of the state. (In the United States, marriage and divorce are
administered by the state level of government, but because that
is not the case in other countries, I use the term state to mean
whatever government has authority over families.) I should add
that researchers sometimes refer to any couple dissolving as
“relationship dissolution,” even when they have not been
married. Especially when these families include children, the
process is closely related to divorce. In this chapter, even
though I mostly use the terms marriage and divorce, much of
what we discuss is relevant to committed couples whether
married or not. Divorce is as old as marriage, although the rules
and customs surrounding how marriages end have varied
drastically. Most American Indian cultures permitted divorce,
and it was more common for them than it was among the
European marital dissolution The end of a marriage through
permanent separation or divorce. separation The formal or
informal separation of married spouses into different
5. households. divorce The legal dissolution of marriage according
to the laws of the state. 364 Chapter 10: Divorce, Remarriage,
and Blended Families settlers who encountered them (Queen
1985). Likewise, ancient Jewish laws permitted divorce.
Divorce was quite common among upper-class couples in the
Roman Empire. But by the time of early Christianity, religious
authorities introduced strong rules against divorce, with the
Bible intoning, “what therefore God hath joined together, let not
man put asunder” (Coontz 2005:86). In practice, however, the
Catholic Church did not begin to enforce strict limits on divorce
for common people until the eighth century. By the twelfth
century, divorce was virtually impossible under Church
doctrine. People could separate by mutual agreement (or, more
often, one could desert the other), but they couldn’t legitimately
remarry unless they were granted an annulment, which was
almost unheard of. That history is what makes annulment
important to understand. Annulment of marriage is a legal or
religious determination that the marriage was never valid. After
an annulment, the marriage is treated as if it never occurred.
The logical distinction between annulment and divorce is what
made it possible historically to prohibit divorce but still let
some people (usually powerful men) take spouses. Religious
annulment remains an important issue, mostly for Catholics.
Under the doctrine of the Catholic Church, remarriage is
permitted only if the marriage is annulled by the Church—that
is, judged to have been invalid and therefore not binding on the
spouses. Although this might seem like a convenient fiction,
many Catholics who divorce do seek annulments so they can
remarry and remain within the Church. The vast majority of
annulment applications are accepted, but to help Americans
maintain their ties to the Church, Pope Francis has said he
wants to make annulments cheaper, faster, and easier to get
(Yardley and Povoledo 2015). As a legal procedure, annulment
exists in the United States today but is very rare, occurring only
in cases where spouses were not legally permitted to marry
when they did (Abrams 2013). As the issue of annulment
6. suggests, the controversy around divorce has always involved
the problem of remarriage. Ending a marriage has never been as
controversial as remarrying afterward and especially producing
“legitimate” children—those whose parents are legally
married—in a subsequent marriage. This tension is one source
of the historical conflict between religious and state authorities,
which long competed for the power to regulate marriage and
divorce. This tension exploded in the sixteenth century, when
England’s King Henry VIII wanted an annulment so that he
could take a new wife. The Roman Catholic pope’s refusal to
grant that annulment helped convince Henry to leave
Catholicism and form the independent Church of England, with
himself as its head. (Unfortunately for his new wife, Anne
Boleyn, she bore a daughter and then had a series of
miscarriages without giving birth to a living son, so Henry
executed annulment of marriage A legal or religious
determination that the marriage was never valid. In this letter
from 1530, English noblemen demanded that Pope Clement VII
annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon. More than
80 wax seals are attached below the lords’ signatures. Divorce
Rates and Trends 365 her before marrying again a few days
later.) Although that split with the Catholic Church did not end
the power of religious institutions in the realm of marriage and
divorce, by placing family regulation under the control of the
state it marked a significant historical step toward separating
religious from civil authority over family law in Western
societies. Still, as we saw in Chapter 8, despite the separation of
church and state enshrined in the U.S. Constitution, the conflict
persists between some religious and legal rules and customs
governing marriage. Recent debates over “marriage rights” have
concerned same-sex marriage. But in the late nineteenth
century, a similarly heated debate revolved around the ri ght to
marry for people who had been divorced. At the time, few
Americans believed that the “guilty” party in a divorce should
be permitted to remarry, but the accusing spouse—often the
victim of abuse or abandonment—was seen more
7. sympathetically. Still, conservatives feared that loosening the
laws regarding remarriage would open up society to the rule of
“free love,” encouraging people to swap partners casually
without regard for the sacredness of marriage (Cott 2000). In
one case, a Catholic bishop in Nebraska declared that anyone
who attended the wedding of a divorced man would be
excommunicated (barred from the Church). Marriage rights
advocates defended the principle of divorce and remarriage as a
moral choice. As one radical journalist wrote, “It is di shonor to
remain in a state of marriage wherein the soul cries out in agony
of despair, and the bondage robs life of all its sunshine” (Harris
1906:393). As divorce entered the twentieth century, it occurred
with greater and greater frequency, even in the absence of
physical abuse or abandonment. Although it remained quite rare
by today’s standards, the American public was riveted by the
family dramas of celebrities and socialites, especially once the
voices of the neglected spouses could be heard in the pr ess (see
Changing Culture, “Divorce, American Style”). Divorce Rates
and Trends As a family sociologist with an expertise in
demography, I have frequently been asked, “What is the divorce
rate?” This is really two questions. First, what do we mean by
the divorce rate? And second, what is the number itself? I will
try to avoid a long, technical answer, but each of these
questions deserves a little attention. There is no single
definition of “the divorce rate.” To see why, consider a few
numbers. In 2015, there were an estimated 1.1 million divorces
in the United States. I have to say “estimated” because there is
no official count of divorces: five states, including the biggest
(California), do not participate in the federal government’s
collection of divorce data. So that estimate is calculated from a
large survey, the American Community Survey (which,
fortunately, provides high-quality data from all states). But
what is the meaning of 1 million divorces? From the total
number, we can Divorce, American Style From King Henry VIII
to Miley Cyrus, the divorces (or breakups) of the rich, famous,
and powerful have contributed dramatic storylines to our social
8. history. How we interpret those stories is related to how we see
divorce in general as a personal drama and as a social issue. The
first celebrity divorce in the United States covered by national
media—in this case, newspapers and magazines —involved
silent-movie star Charlie Chaplin, renowned for his portrayal of
the downtrodden everyman figure known as the Tramp. In 1927,
Chaplin’s second wife, Lita Grey, sued him for divorce. Grey
was to have been the lead actress in Chaplin’s new movie, The
Gold Rush, but the actor/ director, himself the product of
divorced parents, hurriedly married her—and replaced her in the
cast—when she became pregnant. The young actress was just 16
years old and he was 35 when they crossed the border into
Mexico to get married. Because of her age, he feared he could
be charged with statutory rape unless they married. It was
Chaplin’s second divorce (the first was also from an actress
under 18), and it created a national sensation, with charges and
countercharges aired in the press, breaking on page 1 of the
New York Times on January 11, 1927, with the subheadline,
“Film Star’s Wife Makes Sensational Charges of Infidelity and
Threats on Her Life.” The divorce settlement that Lita Grey
received was itself sensational: at $625,000, it was the largest
monetary settlement in the United States at that time. (However,
at just $8 million in today’s dollars, it was skimpy compared
with the celebrity settlements we’ve grown accustomed to since;
and had their marriage not cut short her career, she might have
ended up even richer.) Despite the scandal, Chaplin’s career
continued on an upward trajectory, and he remains a cultural
icon today. Today’s celebrity divorces may feature scandalous
accusations, but that’s less common now that such charges are
not necessary to gain court approval for a legal divorce.
Changing Attitudes A century ago, advocates for women’s
equality argued that liberalizing divorce law was essential to
women’s equal rights, and most people assumed that divorce
promoted equality between the CHANGING CULTURE Charlie
Chaplin with Lita Grey during the making of The Gold Rush,
which she was to have starred in. Divorce Rates and Trends 367
9. sexes (Smock 2004). Later critics, concerned about the rising
number of single mothers living in poverty, feared that divorce
was not just expanding women’s rights but also contributing to
the “feminization of poverty,” since few women received
anything like the large settlement that Lita Grey received from
Chaplin (Klawitter and Garfinkel 1992). Still, feminists
consider access to divorce essential for gender equality. Today,
acceptance of divorce is widespread but not universal. As of
2016, when asked whether divorce is “morally acceptable”
versus “morally wrong,” 72 percent of Americans told the
Gallup poll that they thought it was morally acceptable (Gallup
2016). But the pattern of support closely follows divisions
between conservative and liberal political views (as you can see
in Figure 10.1). The idea that easy access to divorce is
weakening families in America and causing harm to children in
particular is common among social conservatives (Coontz
1992). Social conservatives tend to combine views in favor of
“traditional” family structure with support for traditional
religious authority as well. That explains why those who attend
religious activities more often are so much more likely to
oppose loose divorce laws (Stokes and Ellison 2010). How
acceptable—or reasonable—divorce is in response to
relationship problems reflects the way people are raised and
their cultural attitudes in general. However, people’s attitudes
also reflect a practical response to their own experiences and
the experiences of those around them. In an interesting example
of that social process, a study of one community over time
found that divorce tends to appear in clusters of friends,
coworkers, and siblings (McDermott, Fowler, and Christakis
2013). And although most people favor nonrestrictive divorce
laws and believe that divorce is a morally acceptable solution to
serious marital problems, in some liberal communities divorced
people experience feelings of failure and find themselves the
subject of gossip. That was the experience of the women quoted
in a feature story about divorced Brooklyn CHANGING
CULTURE Percent of people who say that divorce in the United
10. States “should be more difficult to obtain than it is now.”
People with more conservative political views and those who
participate in more religious activities have a more negative
view of permissive divorce laws. SOURCE: Author’s graph
from the General Social Survey data, 2014–2016 (Smith et al.
2017). Political views Religious activities Liberal Moderate
Once a month More than once a month Never Less than once a
month Conservative 28% 32% 44% 48% 57% 40% 52% Figure
10.1 Attitudes toward divorce 368 Chapter 10: Divorce,
Remarriage, and Blended Families produce several differ ent
divorce rates, depending on what other information we have
(England and Kunz 1975): • Crude divorce rate: 3.9 divorces for
every 1,000 people in the country. This simply indicates how
common divorce is in the whole country. We can report this if
all we know is the number of divorces and the size of the entire
population. That is why we use it for long-term trends, going
back to years before there was good available data. As Figure
10.2 shows (using a different data source), the crude divorce
rate rose from the earliest national estimate almost continuously
for most of the twentieth century, until about 1981, from which
time it has been falling almost continuously. • Refined divorce
rate: 16 divorces for every 1,000 married couples in the country
(or 1.6 percent). This tells us how common divorce is among
married couples specifically, a figure that can be further broken
down into the categories of education, race/ethnicity, number of
years married, and number of times married (see the Story
Behind the Numbers). • Divorce-marriage ratio: 1 divorce for
every 2.2 marriages that year in the country. This directly
compares the frequency of divorces to that of new marriages.
That ratio means that there are 46 percent as many divorces as
marriages—which some people have called the “divorce rate.”
When most people ask about the divorce rate, they really are
asking what the odds are that a couple who marry today will end
up getting divorced. Since that question involves predicting the
future, it’s impossible to answer, of course, but that won’t stop
us from trying. There are two helpful ways of going about it.
11. First, we can look at the marriage and divorce history of older
people today. For example, a study in 2009 showed that, of all
the people who got married in the 1950s, about 40 percent were
divorced after 50 years. Among the group that married later, at
the height of divorce in the late 1970s, mothers (Paul 2011).
“I’ve definitely experienced judgment,” said Priscilla Gilman, a
writer quoted in the story. “Everyone said: ‘Isn’t there anything
more you can do? Your kids need you to be together. They’re so
little.’” These cultural skirmishes, occurring in the personal
lives of many people as they make their way through a lifetime
of family decisions, reflect the unresolved nature of our cultural
attitudes toward families. In this case, the competitive attitude
toward parenting—which encourages parents to put their
children above all else and judges them harshly when they do
not (as we saw in Chapter 9)—clashes with the individualist
view that marriage must be CHANGING CULTURE self-
fulfilling and rewarding (as described in Chapter 8). • Crude
divorce rate: 3.9 divorces for every 1,000 people in the country.
This simply indicates how common divorce is in the whole
country. We can report this if all we know is the number of
divorces and the size of the entire population. That is why we
use it for long-term trends, going back to years before there was
good available data. As Figure 10.2 shows (using a different
data source), the crude divorce rate rose from the earliest
national estimate almost continuously for most of the twentieth
century, until about 1981, from which time it has been falling
almost continuously. • Refined divorce rate: 16 divorces for
every 1,000 married couples in the country (or 1.6 percent).
This tells us how common divorce is among married couples
specifically, a figure that can be further broken down into the
categories of education, race/ethnicity, number of years
married, and number of times married (see the Story Behind the
Numbers). • Divorce-marriage ratio: 1 divorce for every 2.2
marriages that year in the country. This directly compares the
frequency of divorces to that of new marriages. That ratio
means that there are 46 percent as many divorces as marriages—
12. which some people have called the “divorce rate.” When most
people ask about the divorce rate, they really are asking what
the odds are that a couple who marry today will end up getting
divorced. Since that question involves predicting the future, it’s
impossible to answer, of course, but that won’t stop us from
trying. There are two helpful ways of going about it. First, we
can look at the marriage and divorce history of older people
today. For example, a study in 2009 showed that, of all the
people who got married in the 1950s, about 40 percent were
divorced after 50 years. Among the group that married later, at
the height of divorce in the late 1970s, mothers (Paul 2011).
“I’ve definitely experienced judgment,” said Priscilla Gilman, a
writer quoted in the story. “Everyone said: ‘Isn’t there anything
more you can do? Your kids need you to be together. They’re so
little.’” These cultural skirmishes, occurring in the personal
lives of many people as they make their way through a lifetime
of family decisions, reflect the unresolved nature of our cultural
attitudes toward families. In this case, the competitive attitude
toward parenting—which encourages parents to put their
children above all else and judges them harshly when they do
not (as we saw in Chapter 9)—clashes with the individualist
view that marriage must be CHANGING CULTURE self-
fulfilling and rewarding (as described in Chapter 8). Divorce
Rates and Trends 369 a higher percentage—46 percent—were
already divorced after only 30 years of marriage. Although
many people believe that 50 percent of marriages end in
divorce, no cohort of couples has yet (quite) achieved that high
of a rate (Kreider and Ellis 2011). Second, we can estimate how
many of today’s marriages will end in divorce by calculating
what would happen if some recent year (in this case, 2012)
happened over and over again—that is, if everyone lived
through today’s divorce rates for their entire marriages (Preston
1975). That way of estimating future events predicts that 53
percent of new marriages will eventually end in divorce, with
the other 47 percent ending with the eventual death of one of
the spouses (Cohen 2016). Using recent history to predict the
13. future is complicated by the aging of the population. It turns out
divorce rates have been rising for older people but falling for
younger people, and we can’t know what will happen to today’s
young people when they become tomorrow’s old people
(Kennedy and Ruggles 2014). We will return to divorce at older
ages in this chapter’s Trends to Watch. In summary, regardless
of which numbers we use, we can safely say that divorce rates
are a lot higher than they were 150 years ago, and they peaked
around 1980 before starting to decline. But if we want to know
what percentage of new marriages will end in divorce, we can
only make an educated guess, but it will probably be about half.
A consistent rise from 1860 to 1981, except for some major
events that disrupted the trend: a dip during the Great
Depression, when many people postponed divorce because they
couldn’t afford to move out on their own; and a spike after
World War II, when many people who had rushed into marriage
before the war divorced. SOURCES: Statistical Abstracts;
National Vital Statistics of the United States; Jacobson (1959).
Note: For 1920–present these are official counts from the
National Center for Health Statistics, and they do not exactly
match those from the American The Divorce Revolution Let’s
return to the years 1960–1980, when there was a dramatic
increase in divorce that came to be called the “divorce
revolution” (Weitzman 1985). What happened? Many people
associate that rise with the liberalization of family law, which
started permitting easier, “no-fault” divorces. Under the new
laws, which spread across most of the country in the 1970s,
couples could get a legal divorce without an accusation of
wrongdoing, such as infidelity, abuse, or desertion. More
important, in most states, either spouse could unilaterally
demand a divorce. In other words, the law took on the reality
that marriage was a voluntary arrangement between free
individuals. Although not specifically written to privilege
women, the new divorce laws were part of a tide of reforms in
the legal system, inspired by the feminist movement, aimed at
liberating women from traditional discriminatory laws
14. (Strebeigh 2009). Divorce reform was probably the most radical
change ever in the law governing families. But did such a
dramatic break with the legal past really cause the number of
divorces to skyrocket? Yes and no. As Figure 10.2 shows,
divorce had been increasing for decades, and the rate was
increasing rapidly even before 1970, when the first no-fault
divorce law took effect in California. In fact, even prior to
1970, although the law mandated an adversarial divorce process
based on finding one spouse at fault, many couples and their
lawyers were able to work around the legality to arrange
divorces even when no legal breach of the marriage vows had
occurred (Cherlin 2010). And yet, there is no doubt that the
more liberal legal environment made divorce easier. By
studying the trends in different states as they adopted the new
laws, researchers have determined that no-fault divorce did in
fact lead to a sharp spike in divorces, but only for a short time
(Wolfers 2006). After that, the divorce rate returned to a more
moderate, long-run upward trend (Schoen and Canudas-Romo
2006). Thus, whether or not changes in the law were directly
responsible, the divorce rate climbed for decades and eventually
reached levels high enough to have a major impact on family
life. By the time the baby boomers reached marriage age, their
attitudes toward family commitments and priorities were unique
in American history. People born in the late 1950s—during the
baby boom—had the …