The document describes a proposed indoor distributed antenna system (DAS) design for a large shopping mall to address coverage issues. Key aspects of the design include: - Using a DAS architecture with one master unit distributing signals to multiple remote radio units (RRUs) located in different areas of the mall. - Proposed RRU locations include the food court, main corridors on floors 1-3, parking areas, and the fountain area. - The design will reuse frequencies every 36,900 square meters to support the expected traffic loads. - Link budget and walk testing will be done after implementation to validate coverage and optimize the design if needed. The goal is a solution that can support future capacity and

3. MAIN POINTS
• BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
• DESIGN LIMITATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES
• COVERAGE DESIGN
• COMPONENT CALCULATIONS
• LINK BUDGET CALCULATIONS
• OPTIMIZATION STAGE

4. BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF
THE PROBLEM

5. MAIN RESEARCH OBJECTIVE (PROJECT
SCOPE)

6. TECHNICAL NEED FOR THIS PROJECT
• LACK OF COVERAGE IN THE MALL (SPECIALLY 3G COVERAGE)
• WE NEED MORE AND MORE CAPACITY INDOOR
• THE MACRO SITES MUST BE SUPPORTED WITH MICRO AND PICO SITES IN THE MALL
• THE DESIGN MUST BE OPTIMUM AND FLEXIBLE FOR FUTURE NEEDS (DATA RATES, NEW SERVICES AND
MORE CAPACITY) AND IT MUST KEEP UP WITH EXTENSIONS

7. BUSINESS NEEDS FOR THIS PROJECT
• 70-80% OF CALLS ORIGINATE IN THE INDOOR AREA
• THIS INVESTMENT MUST MAKE A POSITIVE BUSINESS CASE AND A GOOD AND FAST ROI
• COST REDUCTION OF UP TO 65% CAN BE ACHIEVED BY COVERING THE 3G (AND 4G IF NEEDED ALSO)
USERS FROM INSIDE THE BUILDING WITH INDOOR COVERAGE SYSTEMS

8. THE PROJECT METHODOLOGY AND
LIMITATION (CHALLENGES)

9. THE 3G CHALLENGE
• POWER LOAD PER USER WILL INCREASE IN THE INDOOR (POWER IS A VERY IMPORTANT RESOURCE IN 3G)
• MANY SOFT HAND OVERS ARE EXPECTED
• PILOT POLLUTION IS EXPECTED DUE TO SMALL AREA AND THE MACRO SITES EFFECT

10. BASIC INDOOR METHODOLOGIES COMMON
FOR 2G AND 3G
• ISOLATION
• HIGH RISE PROBLEM
• THE ZONE PLANNING CONCEPT

11. ISOLATION

12. HIGH RISE PROBLEM

13. THE ZONE PLANNING CONCEPT

15. FREQUENCY SELECTION
• SELECTING 3 FREQUENCIES FROM 1800 BAND TO INCREASE PENETRATION
• SELECTING 1 FREQUENCY 2100 AND USE THREE CODES
• ALL VOICE CALLS WILL BE ORIGINATED ON 2G AND USE 3G FOR DATA ONLY TO MAXIMIZE THROUGHPUT

17. REUSE AREA CALCULATIONS

18. REUSE AREA CALCULATIONS
• FOR 24 TIME SLOTS AND 2% GOS, I WIIL HAVE 16.63 E
• AS THE GIVEN DATA IS 150 USERS EVERY 100 M SO I CALCULATED THE AREA AS 100*100= 10,000 M2
WITH 30ME FOR EVERY USER
• THEN I WILL HAVE 4.5 E FOR EVERY 10,000 M2 (ACCORDING TO THE GIVEN DATA)

19. REUSE AREA CALCULATIONS
4.5------10,000M2
16.63------AREA TO BE REUSED
• AREA= (16.63*10,000)/4.5=36,900 M2
• I WILL REUSE EVERY 36,900 M2 (OR EVERY ONE CELL)

21. FOOD COURT (1 CELL 2G AND 1 CELL 3G)

22. CARREFOUR AND THE CORRIDOR IN FRONT
OF IT (1 SECTOR)

23. CENTER POINT AREA (1 SECTOR)

24. GARAGE (REPEATERS FROM CENTER POINT
AREA)

25. THE FOUNTAIN AREA AND BUILDINGS
AROUND IT (1 CELL)

26. THE MAIN CORRIDOR OF THE MALL IN THE 3
FLOORS
• 2 SECTORS IN EVERY FLOOR EXCEPT FLOOR 1 BECAUSE IT IS SMALLER

27. FLOOR 1

28. FLOOR 2

29. FLOOR 3

30. PARKING 1 AND 2 AND STREETS NEAR TO
THEM

31. PARKING 3 AND STREETS NEAR TO IT

33. DAS DISTRIBUTION

35. ANTENNAS
• 5 STREET LEVEL-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS
• 10 OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS
• 1 MICROWAVE ANTENNA IN THE SITE TO TRANSMIT ALL THE TRAFFIC TO THE BSC

36. REPEATERS
• 7 REPEATERS AND MAY BE INCREASED AFTER OPTIMIZATION

37. SPLITTERS
• NO. OF 1:3 SPLITTER = 3
• NO. OF 1:2 SPLITTER = 1

38. RRU (ONE FOR EVERY AREA)
• FOUNTAIN AREA
• FOOD COURT AREA
• FLOOR 3 AREA (CARREFOUR AND THE MAIN CORRIDOR)
• FLOOR 1 AND 2 TOGETHER

39. MASTER UNIT
• ONE MASTER UNIT WILL BE PLACED IN THE TELECOM ROOM

40. SHELTER, ACS AND CABLES
• 1 SHELTER TO PROTECT THE MASTER UNIT
• 3 KM OF COAXIAL CABLES

42. LINK BUDGET CALCULATIONS
• COAXIAL LOSSES
• SPLITTER LOSSES
• ANTENNA AND AMPLIFIERS GAINS
• AIR LOSSES
• WALL AND BODY LOSSES

44. WALK TEST
• SIGNAL REACH IN THE MALL
• SIGNAL QUALITY
• GOS
• MEASURING ANY KPI

45. FINAL PLANNING STAGE
• IT IS EXPECTED TO FIND SOME PROBLEMS
• A MAXIMUM DEVIATION +VE OR –VE 10 % IS ACCEPTED FINALLY.
• IMPROVING ANY KPI UNDER THE EXPECTED PERFORMANCE

47. HOW MANY SITES YOU NEED TO COVER
YOUR SOLUTION?
• I WILL USE ACTIVE DAS SOLUTION SO I USE ONE MASTER UNIT AND DISTRIBUTE USING MULTIPLE RRUS
IN DIFFERENT AREAS AND FINALLY ALL TRAFFIC WILL BE TRANSMITTED BY ONE MICROWAVE LINK.

48. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SITES OF SITES
YOU WILL USE AT YOUR DESIGN?
• ALL INDOOR RRUS AND ANTENNAS ARE INDOOR SITES.
• THE PARKING AREA AND THE FOUNTAIN ARE STREET LEVEL SITES.

49. IF WE HAVE A TRAFFIC OF 20E UNDER
GOS=2%, IS IT BETTER TO USE ONE CELL OR
TO SPLIT THE TRAFFIC BETWEEN TWO
CELLS EACH CARRY 10E?
• FOR 2G CALCULATIONS ONLY I HAVE 16.63E SO I CANNOT USE ONE CELL TO COVER 20E WITH FULL RATE
BUT I CAN USE HALF RATE TECHNIQUE TO COVER ALL THE 20E IN ONE CELL.
• IF I SPLIT THE CELL I CAN COVER 32E AND IT WILL BE WASTE OF RESOURCES

50. NOTE
• I DID NOT USE THE HALF RATE TECHNIQUE IN MY CALCULATIONS BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC IN THE MALL WILL
INCREASE GRADUALLY AND I WANT THE DESIGN TO LAST LONGEST TIME IN THE FUTURE TO ACCEPT NEW
USERS, MORE CAPACITY, NEW SERVICES AND MORE DATA RATES

51. NOTE
• I DID NOT USE BACK TO BACK ANTENNA TECHNIQUE DUE TO MALL STRUCTURE (CORRIDORS AND
SQUARES)

52. NOTE
• I MAY USE OPTICAL FIBER TO TRANSMIT SIGNAL TO THE FOUNTAIN AREA OR I MAY CONNECT THEM BY A
MICROWAVE LINK