2. It is very essential to understand human
behavior in today’s world as the existence
of the organization depends on op the
individuals. Without understanding
human behavior it is very difficult to work
in an organization.
2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 2
3. Behavior can be defined as a
response/s which is
observed directly/indirectly.
2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 3
4. Human behavior is
very much
unpredictable. In
behavior, we cannot
assume one set
pattern of behavior.
Lavitt classified
behavior as (i) Caused
behavior, (ii) Motivated
behavior, (iii) Goal-
oriented behavior.
5. 2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 5
1. Psychoanalytic Model: Freudian approach
depends on the conflict model of humans. By using
clinical techniques of free association and
psychotherapy Freud felt that behavior is not always
consciously explained. “Unconscious” is the major
factor that guides the individual’s behavior. Freud felt
that the individual’s behavior depends on three
factors: (i) id, (ii) Ego and (iii) Superego.
6. 2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 6
Id: By Id it means pleasure. To a certain degree of having
Id in an individual is constructive but may also lead to
destructive tendencies like being aggressive, dominating,
fighting and generally destroy.
Ego: Ego represents the `conscious’ stage in
one’s behavior.
Superego: It represents “conscience”. An individual is not aware of
the superego’s functioning. The conscience is dependent on two
factors that are the cultural values and morals of a society.
7. 2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 7
2. Existential Model: This model is not scientifically based. Its base is literature
and philosophy.
3. Behaviouristic Model: In this model, the behavior is dependent on two factors i.e., stimulus
and response. Learning occurs with this kind of model. Pavlov and Watson with their research felt that
behavior can be best understood by stimulus and response.
4. Cognitive Model: S-OR-R. This model emphasizes the positive and free-will factors of human
beings and uses concepts such as expectancy, demand, and incentive.
Tolman with his experiments found that the basis of learning as of `expectancy’ is understood as one
particular event leading to a particular consequence i.e., goal.
8. What is an integrative framework?
A means of negotiation decision making to conceptualize the actions,
contingencies of all possible outcomes, options and scenarios. Applied
to integrative negotiations with the intention of incorporating the goals
and aims of all the negotiating parties to create maximum value
through collaborative negotiation.
2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 8
9. The five essential guidelines for effective
teaching are:
Creating a caring community of learners.
Teaching to enhance development and learning.
Planning curriculum to achieve important goals.
Assessing children's development and learning.
Establishing reciprocal relationships with family.
2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 9
10. Summary
At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%. By using our next-generation
data architecture, we help organizations virtually manage agile
workflows. We thrive because of our market knowledge and great team
behind our product. As our CEO says, "Efficiencies will come from
proactively transforming how we do business."
2/24/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 10
