Cerebellum

info@medicoseacademics.com
0310-7990649
Cerebellum
Dr. Muhammad Ali Rabbani
Asst. Professor Anatomy
MBBS (NMC, Multan)
FCPS (Anatomy)
CHPE (Certificate in Health Professional Education)
DHPE (Diploma in Health Professional Education)
MBA (Masters of Business Administration)
MPH (Masters of Public Health)

0310-7990649
Learning Objectives
By the end of this session students should be able to
• Briefly describe the structure of cerebellum
• Correlate the anatomical divisions of cerebellum with functional
division
• Correlate microstructure of cerebellum to function
• Describe the input to cerebellum
• Describe how cerebellum affect motor activities (efferent pathways)
• Correlate functional anatomy to clinical presentations in cerebellar
diseases
Dr Muhammad Ali Rabbani - Asst. Prof. Anatomy

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Structure of Cerebellum

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Discuss
Primary fissure
Uvulonodular fissure

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Anatomical vs Functional Division

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Anatomical Division
• Anterior Lobe
• Middle / Posterior Lobe
• Flocculonodular Lobe

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Functional Divisions
• Lateral Hemispheres
• Cerebrocerebellum
• Motor Planning
• Vermix + Paravermal Area
• Spinocerebellum
• Motor execution
• Vermix - axial musculature
• Paravermal- distal musculature
• Flocculonodular Lobe
• Vestibulocerebellum
• Balance

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Cerebellar Homunculus

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1. Intended final position
of a part of body (goal)
2. Current position of that
part
3. Plan of action after
comparing the two
4. Order to move particular muscles in
particular sequence to achieve the goal
5. Constant monitoring of plan by cerebrum
and comparing with current position
Basic Concept of Cerebral Connections

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Correlate microstructure of cerebellum to
function

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• Gray Mater – Cortex
• White Mater
• Intracerebral Nuclei

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Cytoarchitecture – Layers & Circuit
P C P C
P C
DN
Gr Go
-
-
-
- -
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
DN
DN
Molecular
Layer
Purkinje
Layer
Granular
Layer
Cerebral
Cortex
Parallel Fibers
White
Mater
with
Intracerebral
Nuclei
+ +
Climbing
Fibers
Mossy
Fibers
+

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Cytoarchitecture – Layers & Circuit
basket and stellate cells
parallel fibers (axons of granule cells)
Dendritic tree of Purkinje cells
Most important layer
Contain Purkinje cells (only outflow axons from cortex)
Send axons to deep cerebellar nuclei
Granule cells, Golgi cells
Granule cell only excitatory
All others inhibitory
from contralateral
side of the medulla
monosynaptic excitatory
input to Purkinje cells

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Cytoarchitecture – Cells

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Intracerebral Nuclei
• Dentate
• Cerebrocerebellum
• Interposed
• Spinocerebellum
• Fastigial
• Vestibulocerebellum

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● Describe the input to cerebellum
● Describe how cerebellum affect motor
activities (efferent pathways)

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Afferent Fibers
• Vestibular Nucleus → (Vestibulo)Cerebellum
• Spinal Cord → (Spino) Cerebellum
• Cerebral Cortex → (Cerebro) Cerebellum

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Afferent Fibers

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Efferent Fibers
• Vestibulocerebellum (Fastigial Nucleus) → Vestibular Nucleus
• Spinocerebellum (Interposed Nuclei) → Red Nucleus, Reticular F.
• Cerebrocerebellum (Dentate Nucleus) → Thalamus → Cerebrum

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Efferent Fibers

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Efferent Ultimately Goes
to the Same Side

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• Mostly through flocculonodular
lobe and vermix
• In case of lesion person falls
towards the side of lesion
How Balance is Maintained?
Why does this person falls on one side?

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Functions
• Muscle Tone
• Coordination of Voluntary Movement
• Posture and Equillibrium

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Clinical Signs
• Hypotonia
• Postural Changes & Alteration of Gait
• Ataxia
• Intentional Tremors, past-pointing, shin-heel test, finger-nose test
• Dysdiadochokinesia
• Disturbance of Reflexes
• Nystagmus
• Dysarthria

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Clinical Signs
• Vermis Syndrome
• Midline structure
• Axial Structure will be affected
• Cerebral Hemisphere Syndrome
• Unilateral
• On the side of lesion

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Thank You
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Cerebellum

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