The document provides an overview of the central processing unit (CPU), detailing its components including the control unit (CU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), RAM, ROM, motherboard, cooling fan, power supply, and hard drive. It describes the functionality of these components and their roles in executing computer instructions and managing data flow. Additionally, the document discusses different types of CPUs: single-core, dual-core, and quad-core.

1. z A central processing unit, also called a central
processor is the main processor of the computer.
CPU
prepared by Bidisha Paul
CPU
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2. 2
What is
CPU?
Work inside
the CPU
What is Input
Device
Control Unit
(CU)
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
(ALU)
Output
Device
The main
components
inside the CPU
box
What is The
Motherboard?
RAM
ROM CPU
Cooling
Fan
Power
Supply
Hard Drive
Single-core
CPU
Dual-core
CPU
Quad-core
CPU
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Bidisha
Paul
Contents

3. z
What
is
Function
 Arithmetic
 Logic
 Controlling
 Input / Output
operations (specified by
the instructions in the
program.)
A central processing unit, also
called a central processor, main
processor or just processor, is
the electronic circuitry that
executes instructions comprising
a computer program.
C P U
CPU?
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4. Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Memory Unit
Output
Device
Input
Device
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Work
inside
the
CPU
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5. z
Example
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Joystick
 Keyboard
An Input device is a piece of
equipment used to provide
data and control signals to an
information processing
system, such as a computer
or information appliance.
What
is Input Device ?
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6. z
What
is
the
Types of CU
 Hardwired Control
Unit

Microprogrammabl
e Control Unit
The control unit is a component of
a computer's central processing
unit that directs the operation of the
processor. A CU typically uses a
binary decoder to convert coded
instructions into timing and control
signals that direct the operation of
the other units.
Control Unit (CU)?
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7. z
The three functional parts of
ALU consists of ----
 stor- age registers
 operations logic
 sequencing logic
In computing, an arithmetic
logic unit is a combinational
digital circuit that performs
arithmetic and bitwise
operations on integer binary
numbers.
What
is
the
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
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8. z
Example
 Monitor
 Printer
 Headphone
 Speaker
An output device is any piece of
computer hardware equipment
which converts information into
a human-perceptible form or,
historically, into a physical
machine-readable form for use
with other non-computerized
equipment.
What
is Output Device ?
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9. z
The main components inside the CPU box
 Motherboard
(which holds the RAM, ROM and CPU chips)
 Cooling Fan
 Power Supply
 Hard Drive
The main
components
inside the CPU
box
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10. z
The Motherboard?
Function
 Holds and allows
communication between
many of the crucial
electronic components of a
system, like the central
processing unit and memory
 Provides connectors for
other peripherals.
A motherboard is the
main printed circuit
board in general-
purpose computers and
other expandable
systems.
What
is
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11. z
RAM
Types of RAM
 Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
 Static RAM (SRAM)
RAM (Random Access
Memory) is essentially
short term memory
where data is stored as
the processor needs it.
Random
Access
Memory
RAM
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12. z
ROM
The types of ROM
 Programmable Read Only
Memory (P-ROM )
 Erasable programmable read
Only Memory (EP-ROM)
 Electrically erasable Read
only memory (EEP-ROM)
ROM (Read Only Memory) is
a type of non-volatile
memory used in computers
and other electronic devices.
Data stored in ROM cannot
be electronically modified
after the manufacture of the
memory device.
Read
Only
Memory
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13. z
The CPU or the ‘glue of the
motherboards’ is an electronic
chipset which manages the
flow of data between
components on a
motherboard. It's the traffic
controller between the CPU,
GPU, RAM, storage, and
peripherals.
Types of
CPU
 Single-core CPU
 Dual-core CPU
 Quad-core CPU
C P U
CPU
Central
Processing
Unit
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14. z
The types of Cooling Fan
 Static Pressure Fans
 High Airflow Fans
A cooling fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a
computer case used for drawing cooler air into the
case from outside and expelling the warm air from
inside to cool a particular component.
Cooling
Fan
Cooling
Fan
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15. z
Power Supply
The types of Power Supply Units
 DC-DC
 AC-DC
A power supply unit converts mains AC to low-voltage
regulated DC power for the internal components of a
computer. Modern personal computers universally use
switched-mode power supplies.
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16. z
Hard Drive
Types of Hard drive
• SATA
• SSD
• NVMe
A computer hard drive (or a hard disk or HDD) is one kind of
technology that stores the operating system, applications, and
data files such a documents, pictures and music that your
computer uses.
Hard
Drive
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17. z
Types of CPU
Single-core CPU
Dual-core CPU
Quad-core CPU
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18. z
Single-core CPU
A single-core processor is a microprocessor
with a single core on its die. It performs the
fetch-decode-execute cycle once per clock-
cycle, as it only runs on one thread.
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19. z
Dual-core CPU
Dual core is a CPU that has two distinct processors
that work simultaneously in the same integrated
circuit.
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20. z
Quad-core CPU
A quad-core processor is a chip with three independent units
called cores that read and execute central processing unit
(CPU) instructions, such as add, move data and branch.
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