Presentation from CCXG Global forum from March 2018

1. Climate Change Expert Group www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg.htm
Enhancing reporting of climate finance
received and needed - challenges and
implications for MPGs of support
Jane Ellis
Based on: Vallejo et. al (2017), Enhancing mitigation and finance
reporting
CCXG Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change
7-8 March 2018

2. 2 Climate Change Expert Group
Presentation outline
 Current status of reporting on climate finance
(CF) received
 Challenges in tracking and reporting CF received,
needed
 Conclusions

3. 3 Climate Change Expert Group
Reporting on finance received
 Marginal changes in the Paris Agreement
 Many non-Annex I Parties have less experience
in reporting climate finance than AI Parties
 Overlap and inconsistencies in current guidelines
(BUR vs NC)
154 developing
country Parties
39 BUR1s
23 w/ some info on climate
finance received
Note: Image not to scale
13 w/ CF info incl. tabular format

4. 4 Climate Change Expert Group
Challenges in tracking and reporting
climate finance received
 Methodological questions: definitions (e.g. scope,
flows)
 Multiplicity of channels, instruments
 Boundary issues: CF flows are intertwined -
public/private; developed/developing
 Fungibility of flows (CF, T, CB) impedes double book-
keeping
 Data not readily available (manual process), capacity
limitations, confidentiality concerns
 Can only report what is measured/estimated…which
is patchy

5. 5 Climate Change Expert Group
Developing country governments have
an incomplete picture of CF received…
Public finance
(international)
Multilateral
development banks
Climate
activity
(federal)
Mobilised
private finance
Climate
activity
(sub-
national)
Climate
activity
(NDB)
Climate
activity
(NGO)
Other private
finance
Tracking by
individual
governments,
if in place,
focuses on a
limited
number of
sources,
recipients,
instruments
(not part
of 100bn
commit-
ment)

6. 6 Climate Change Expert Group
Different perspectives makes
double-bookkeeping challenging…

7. 7 Climate Change Expert Group
Challenges in estimating and
reporting support needed
 Capacity is required to develop long-term strategies,
prioritise actions, identify associated support needs
 Support needs are an estimate, not something that
can be measured
 “Fungibility” of different types of support
 Methodological questions:
o How to present (top-down, bottom-up)?
o Total needs, total international needs, incremental
costs?

8. 8 Climate Change Expert Group
Conclusions
 Tracking CF received and estimating CF needed is not
straightforward, and requires resources
 Most developing countries have an incomplete
picture of the CF they receive
 Reporting is therefore patchy: double book-
keeping not feasible
 Improved tracking has national benefits; countries
increasingly working to improve their view
 Disaggregated reporting can improve transparency
 More detailed guidance on what needs to be reported
and how to do so can help comparability – MPGs an
opportunity

9. 9 Climate Change Expert Group
Selected bibliography
 2017: Enhancing mitigation and finance reporting, http://www.oecd-
ilibrary.org/energy/enhancing-mitigation-and-finance-reporting_5e354935-en
 2016: Enhancing transparency of climate finance under the Paris Agreement,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/469d7fec-en
 2016: Unpacking provisions related to transparency of mitigation and support
in the Paris Agreement, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlww004n6nq-en
 2015: Identifying and addressing gaps in the UNFCCC reporting framework,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jm56w6f918n-en
 2015: Estimating mobilized private climate finance for adaptation,
https://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Estimating-
mobilized-private-finance-for-adaptation-Exploring-data-and-methods.pdf
 2015: Climate finance in 2013-14 and the 100 USD billion goal,
http://www.oecd.org/env/climate-finance-in-2013-14-and-the-usd-100-billion-
goal-9789264249424-en.htm
 2013: Comparing definitions and methods to estimate mobilised climate
finance, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k44wj0s6fq2-en

10. 10 Climate Change Expert Group
Thank you!
For more information:
www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg.htm
www.oecd.org/env/researchcollaborative
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/rioconventions.htm
stats.oecd.org/qwids
jane.ellis@oecd.org