This document discusses supervisory control systems, where a master computer system controls and monitors multiple field devices and controllers in a plant. It describes how the computer can optimize plant operations by adjusting controller setpoints based on process conditions. The computer relieves human operators from manually adjusting setpoints and allows automated control according to programmed models. The computer system forms a two-layer control structure overseeing the lower-level PID loop controllers. It performs functions like channel scanning, data conversion and processing to analyze plant performance and check for process limits. Supervisory control can increase efficiency but requires a higher initial investment and trained personnel to implement and maintain.
The Design of Multi-Platforms Rail Intelligence Flatness Detection SystemIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this paper,we design a Multi-platforms intelligent system for flatness detection of rail welding headbased on thedevelopment environment of Android software .The system uses a STM32 chip as control core, a handheld smart terminal or personal computer as the carrier. The datas transmitted to intelligent terminal or computer through the bluetooth communication technology are processed rapidly, the data curve is drawed and the flatness characteristic parameters of the measured rail welding head is identified. The system provides a friendly intuitive monitoring and operation interface, has the characteristics of fast, reliable, energy saving, high accuracy, etc.
The Design of Multi-Platforms Rail Intelligence Flatness Detection SystemIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this paper,we design a Multi-platforms intelligent system for flatness detection of rail welding headbased on thedevelopment environment of Android software .The system uses a STM32 chip as control core, a handheld smart terminal or personal computer as the carrier. The datas transmitted to intelligent terminal or computer through the bluetooth communication technology are processed rapidly, the data curve is drawed and the flatness characteristic parameters of the measured rail welding head is identified. The system provides a friendly intuitive monitoring and operation interface, has the characteristics of fast, reliable, energy saving, high accuracy, etc.
SCADA (Supervisory Control & data Acquisation) PPTDeepeshK4
PowerPoint Presentation(PPT) on SCADA
This PPT includes:
* What is Scada
* Applications of Scada
* Need of Scada
* Components of Scada
* Objectives of Scada
* Why Scada is used/ Where is the SCADA system used
* What is controlled by SCADA in Power sysem
* Advantages & Disadvantages
* How SCADA works?
* Working Procedure of SCADA
Thanks for visiting my slide
SCADA at the core of power systems monitoring and control
Power systems monitoring requires increasing amounts of information coming from multiples sources, manually or automatically, and at different
points in time, each with their own resolution and quality.
SCADA collects all this information in real time to:
• Process in terms of validity, usability, and accuracy and store them for future analysis.
• Combine into a flexible, simple or complex calculation.
• Provide operators and other control systems with flags and alarms, which are valuable for action and control.
• Feed advanced applications such as network security and generation dispatch.
SCADA at the core of power systems monitoring and control
Power systems monitoring requires increasing amounts of information coming from multiples sources, manually or automatically, and at different
points in time, each with their own resolution and quality.
SCADA collects all this information in real time to:
• Process in terms of validity, usability, and accuracy and store them for future analysis.
• Combine into a flexible, simple or complex calculation.
• Provide operators and other control systems with flags and alarms, which are valuable for action and control.
• Feed advanced applications such as network security and generation dispatch.
Within data parameters, phasor measurement units generate a huge flow of points due to high scanning resolution (1ms). SCADA can now
integrate phasor data.
SCADA: the critical block for EMS
SCADA is the core of any monitoring and control system.
This is where all information captured from the
field via manual reading, automated control systems
in substations and power plants, and from other control
centers is processed in real time before being
made available for further analysis and action by operators.
Without SCADA running, EMS and operators
have reduced network vision and cannot operate at
full capacity. SCADA reliability is built-in by design
with one or multiple redundancy levels to ensure
100% availability.
Incorporating WAMS technology for
increased awareness and network
flexibility
Traditionally, SCADA receives data points scanned at
1s or higher resolution depending on communication
bandwidth and local scanning capabilities such as RTU,
a substation automation system, or a power plant
control system. The latest WAMS technology, under
deployment for the last 10 years, has reached a level
of reliability and performance enabling it to manage a
large number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) data
scanned at 1ms from thousands of PMUs implemented
across the network. Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)
and PhasorProcessor are also now part of the SCADA
solutions GE offers to its customers.
Coupling existing EMS applications with a Phasor
application inside an Advanced Energy Management
System (AEMS) unlocks additional network flexibility
in terms of blackout prevention and network power
capacity required as intermittent renewable generation
grows.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
The note is compiled with reference from many sites and According to the syllabus of Real Time System (6th semester CSIT). Drive deep to the never ending knowledge.
SCADA (Supervisory Control & data Acquisation) PPTDeepeshK4
PowerPoint Presentation(PPT) on SCADA
This PPT includes:
* What is Scada
* Applications of Scada
* Need of Scada
* Components of Scada
* Objectives of Scada
* Why Scada is used/ Where is the SCADA system used
* What is controlled by SCADA in Power sysem
* Advantages & Disadvantages
* How SCADA works?
* Working Procedure of SCADA
Thanks for visiting my slide
SCADA at the core of power systems monitoring and control
Power systems monitoring requires increasing amounts of information coming from multiples sources, manually or automatically, and at different
points in time, each with their own resolution and quality.
SCADA collects all this information in real time to:
• Process in terms of validity, usability, and accuracy and store them for future analysis.
• Combine into a flexible, simple or complex calculation.
• Provide operators and other control systems with flags and alarms, which are valuable for action and control.
• Feed advanced applications such as network security and generation dispatch.
SCADA at the core of power systems monitoring and control
Power systems monitoring requires increasing amounts of information coming from multiples sources, manually or automatically, and at different
points in time, each with their own resolution and quality.
SCADA collects all this information in real time to:
• Process in terms of validity, usability, and accuracy and store them for future analysis.
• Combine into a flexible, simple or complex calculation.
• Provide operators and other control systems with flags and alarms, which are valuable for action and control.
• Feed advanced applications such as network security and generation dispatch.
Within data parameters, phasor measurement units generate a huge flow of points due to high scanning resolution (1ms). SCADA can now
integrate phasor data.
SCADA: the critical block for EMS
SCADA is the core of any monitoring and control system.
This is where all information captured from the
field via manual reading, automated control systems
in substations and power plants, and from other control
centers is processed in real time before being
made available for further analysis and action by operators.
Without SCADA running, EMS and operators
have reduced network vision and cannot operate at
full capacity. SCADA reliability is built-in by design
with one or multiple redundancy levels to ensure
100% availability.
Incorporating WAMS technology for
increased awareness and network
flexibility
Traditionally, SCADA receives data points scanned at
1s or higher resolution depending on communication
bandwidth and local scanning capabilities such as RTU,
a substation automation system, or a power plant
control system. The latest WAMS technology, under
deployment for the last 10 years, has reached a level
of reliability and performance enabling it to manage a
large number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) data
scanned at 1ms from thousands of PMUs implemented
across the network. Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)
and PhasorProcessor are also now part of the SCADA
solutions GE offers to its customers.
Coupling existing EMS applications with a Phasor
application inside an Advanced Energy Management
System (AEMS) unlocks additional network flexibility
in terms of blackout prevention and network power
capacity required as intermittent renewable generation
grows.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
The note is compiled with reference from many sites and According to the syllabus of Real Time System (6th semester CSIT). Drive deep to the never ending knowledge.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. Supervisory Control
Supervisory control is a system which is
controlling whole plant or more than one
field devices through a master system.
There will many types of field devices in
a plant, each of the devices will have
controllers to control the control action.
We can’t install a signal controller to
control the whole plant, it’s logic less. But
can connect all the controller to a single
master device. So a human can verify
the process variable and set the set point
to each controller distinctly.
3. A natural extension of a computer data logging
system involves computer feedback on the
process through automatic adjustment of loop set
points.
As various loads in a process change, it is often
advantageous to alter set points in certain loops
to increase efficiency as to maintain the
operation within certain precalculated limits.
The choice of set point is a function of many
other parameters in the process. In fact, a
decision to alter one set point may necessitate
the alteration of many other loop set points as
interactive effects are taken into account.
Given the number of loops, interactions, and
calculations required in such decisions, it is more
natural and expedient to let a computer perform
these operations under program control.
5. Here, a computer “supervises” the furnace’s
temperature by communicating setpoint values to
the temperature indicating controller (TIC) over a
digital network interface such as Ethernet.
From the temperature controller’s perspective,
this is a remote setpoint signal, as opposed to a
local setpoint value which would be set by a
human operator at the controller faceplate.
Since the heat-treatment of metals requires
particular temperature ranges and rates of
change over time, this control system relieves
the human operator of having to manually adjust
setpoint values again and again during heat-
treatment cycles.
Instead, the computer sets different setpoint at
different stages according to the needs.
6. Process controllers configured for supervisory
setpoint control typically have three operating
modes:
Manual mode
Automatic mode with local SP
Automatic mode with remote SP
8. The master computer or supervisor makes the
setpoint and gives to the controllers. Controllers
adjust the PV with respect to the setpoint using
PID controller.
This forms a two-layer process control system:
the “base” or “regulatory” layer of control (PID
loop controllers) and the “high” or “supervisory”
level of control (the powerful computer with the
mathematical process models).
A single cable can’t do the setpoint changes at
once or much frequently, so a series of digital
data lines are implemented to transfer setpoint
from supervisor to controller.
But it may also carry process variable information
from those controllers back to the supervisory
computer so it has data for its optimization
algorithms to operate on.
9. Basic functions of Supervisory
control
The basic functions performed by
supervisory controller in a plant are:
Channel Scanning
Conversion into Engineering Units
Data Processing
10. (i) Channel Scanning:
There are many ways in which
microprocessor can address the various
channels and need the data.
Polling:
In polling technique, each interrupting
channel will have an interrupt or status flag
which is checked by the processor one by
one.
The channel selection may be sequential or
in any particular order decided by the
designer.
It is also possible to assign priority to some
channels over others, i.e., some channels
can be scanned more frequently than others.
11. Channel scanning and reading of data
requires, the following actions to be
taken:
Sending channel address to
multiplexer
Sending start convert pulse to ADC.
Reading the digital data.
For reading the digital data at ADC
output, the end of conversion signal of
ADC chip can be read by processor
and when it is ‘ON’ the digital data can
be read.
12. Channel Scan Array:
The scan array contains the
addresses of the channels in the order
in which they should be addressed.
13. Interrupt Scanning:
Another method of scanning is interrupt
scanning. It sends interrupt request signal to
processor when the analog signal from
transducer is not within High and Low limits
boundary set by Analog High and Analog Low
Signals.
This is also called scanning by Exception.
When any parameter exceeds the limits than
the limits checking circuit would send
interrupt request to microprocessor which in
turn would monitor all parameters till the
parameter values come back within pre -
specified limits.
14. (ii) Conversion to Engineering Units:
The data read from the output of ADC
should be converted to the equivalent
engineering units before any analysis
is done as the data is sent for display
or printing.
For an 8-bit ADC working in unipolar
mode the output ranges between 0
and 255. Conversion is done by the
following parameters.
The basic voltage and current range of
transmitter is 0-5 V (or) 4-20 mA range
15. (iii) Data Processing:
The data read from the ADC output for various
channels is processed by the microprocessor to
carry out limit checking and performance analysis.
For limit checking the highest and lowest limits for
each channel are stored in array. The limit array
unit is shown
16. The limit array simplifies the limit checking
routine.
Through this, the facility to dynamically change
the limits for any channel may also be provided,
on the lines similar to scan array.
In addition to limit checking, the system
performance may also be analysed and report
could be generated for the manager level.
This report will enable the manager to visualise
the problems in the system and to take decisions
regarding system modification or alternate
operational strategy to increase the system
performance.
The analysis may include histogram generation,
standard deviation calculation, plotting one
parameter with respect to another and so on.
17. Advantages of Supervisory
control
More productive, remote access
Sustainability
Interoperatability
Increases efficiency of process control
Easy maintenance