A load cell converts force into a measurable electrical output and comes in different designs such as bending, shear, compression, and tension. The main types of load cells are strain gauge, piezoresistive, inductive, magnetostrictive, gyroscopic, and nuclear radiation. A strain gauge load cell specifically uses strain gauges bonded onto a beam to convert weight-induced deformation into electrical signals. Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force and causes angular acceleration around an axis of rotation. Strain gauge and in-line stationary sensors are two common methods for measuring torque.

1. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION – I
UNIT - I

2. FORCE(WEIGHT) MEASUREMENT

3. Load cell
• A load cell is a transducer which converts force
into a measurable electrical output. Although
there are many varieties of load cells, strain gage
based load cells are the most commonly used
type.
• Load cell designs can be distinguished according
to the type of output signal generated
(pneumatic, hydraulic, electric) or according to
the way they detect weight (bending, shear,
compression, tension, etc.)

4. Load cell types
• The different types of load cells are,
Strain gauge load cell
Piezo resistive load cell
Inductive and reluctance load cell
Magnetostrictive load cells
Gyroscopic method
Nuclear radiation method

5. Strain gauge load cell
Strain-gauge load cells convert the load acting on them into
electrical signals. The gauges themselves are bonded onto a beam or
structural member that deforms when weight is applied.

6. Inductive load cell

7. Variable reluctance method

8. Magnetostrictive load cells

10. Torque measurement
• Torque is the measure of the force that can cause
an object to rotate about an axis. Force is what
causes an object to accelerate in linear
kinematics, similarly, torque is what causes an
angular acceleration. Hence torque can be
defined as the rotational equivalent of
linear force. The point where the object
rotates is called the axis of rotation.
• In physics, torque is simply the tendency of a
force to turn or twist. Different terminologies
such as moment or moment of force are
interchangeably used to describe torque.

11. Types
• 1.Strain gauge torque measurement:

13. 2.In-line stationary torque sensors: